Madhva Brahmin Explained

Group:	Madhva Brahmins
Popplace:	India (Karnataka, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Kerala, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh)
Rels:	Hinduism (Vaishnava)
Langs:	Kannada, Konkani, Marathi, Telugu, Hindi, Tulu, Tamil, Malayalam

Madhva Brahmins (also often referred as Madhvas or Sadh-Vaishnavas^[1]), are Hindu Brahmin communities in India, who follow Sadh Vaishnavism and Dvaita philosophy propounded by Madhvacharya. They are found mostly in the Indian states of Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.^[2]

History

The Madhwa community traces its philosophical origins to Madhvacharya, the founder of Tattvavada (Dvaita) philosophy, who lived around 13th century. The Ashta Mathas of Udupi were established by Madhvacharya by his disciples.Other Acharyas who established mathas after Madhvacharya include Padmanabha Tirtha, Naraharitirtha, Akshobhya Tirtha, Jayatirtha, Sripadaraja, Vyasatirtha, Vadiraja Tirtha, Vijayendra Tirtha, Raghavendra Tirtha.^[3] The affiliations of the Madhwa philosophy extended in the form of temples and monasteries from Udupi in the South India to Dwaraka in West India to Gaya in the East India to Badrinath in the North India.^[4]

The town of Udupi is famous for the Sri Krishna temple of the 13th century. The Madhwas believe that the human soul is saved by the grace of God and God bestows on true devotees. Devotional worship is central to the lives of madhwas.^[5]

Demographics

Statewise list of Brahmin communities who have a section that follows the Dvaita Vedanta of Madhvacharya.^{[6] [7]}

• Karnataka Deshasthas, Shivallis, Koteshwara Brahmins,^[8] Gaud Saraswats, Badaganadus, Karhades, Chitpavans, Aravathuvokkalu, Niyogi (Aravelu, Prathamasaki, Nandavarika), Nanda Vaidikas,^[9] Kannada Kamme, Uluchukamme.^{[10] [11] [12] [13]}
• Maharashtra & Madhya Pradesh Deshasthas, Karhades,^{[14] [15]} Gaud Saraswats, Chitpavans,^[16] Savase Brahmins and Chitrakoot Madhvas.
• Tamil Nadu Deshasthas (migrants from Karnataka and Maharashtra), Aruvaththuvakkalu (migrants from Karnataka), Badaganadus (migrants from Karnataka), Pennaththurar Brahmins, Niyogi Brahmins (Aruvela and Prathamasakis).^[17]
• Andhra Pradesh & Telangana Golconda Vyaparis,^[18] Deshastha Madhvas and Telugu Madhvas (Telugu Brahmins who converted to Madhva faith).
• Bihar In Bihar, the whole Gayawal Brahmins are followers of Dvaita philosophy.^{[19] [20]}
• Goa Gaud Saraswats – Bardez and Salcete regions are a stronghold of Madhwa Saraswats and are staunch devotees of Vishnu.^[21]
• Kerala In Kerala, the Tulu Brahmins and the Gaud Saraswat Brahmins are followers Dvaita Vedanta of Madhvacharya.^[22]
• Gujarat In Gujarat there is a section among Gujarati Brahmins who follow Madhvacharya.

Society and culture

Language

Madhwa Brahmins are not a homogeneous community. Followers of Madhvacharya include Brahmins from multiple regions and are from various linguistic backgrounds. Madhwas who speak Kannada, one of the major languages of the mainly southern Dravidian languages group, speak a variety of Kannada that borders on a literary dialect.^[23] Even in the non-Kannada states Madhwas speak Kannada in their homes but with outsiders they speak the native language of that state.^[24] The Marathi, Kannada, Telugu and Tamil speaking Madhva Brahmins are all followers of Deshastha Mathas, which are spread in Maharashtra and throughout South India.^[25] The Tulu speaking Madhva Brahmins are followers of Tuluva Mathas. They are mainly concentrated in Tulunadu region of Karnataka, in the coastal districts of Udupi, Dakshina Kannada of present-day Karnataka state, and also in Kasargod and other parts of Kerala state. The Konkani speaking Madhva Brahmins are Gaud Saraswat Madhva Brahmins, who are spread throughout the Coastal Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra and Kerala. The Bihari, Magahi and Hindi speaking Madhva Brahmins are Gayawal Brahmins, who are spread throughout the Gaya and Benares.^[26]

Occupations

The traditional occupation of Madhwa Brahmins is priesthood, but they also engaged in occupations such as agriculture and the business. At present, the majority of them work in government and private sectors.^[27]

The Tuluva Madhvas and Deshastha Madhvas are more sought after for priestly services by other communities. The Gaud Saraswat Madhvas are a religiously self-contained community. There are numerous cultural difference between these three subdivisions.^[28] In Bihar, Gayawal Brahmins are traditionally priests. They are the priests in the famous Vishnupad Temple, Gaya, who also hold a traditional monopoly over the performance of shraddha rituals on the Ghats of Gaya.^[29]

Diet

See main article: Karnataka cuisine and Maharashtrian cuisine. Madhwa Brahmins are pure vegetarian and their staple cereals are rice and wheat.^[30] Udupi cuisine is a synonymous name to Madhwa cuisine. It is a major vegetarian cuisine of Karnataka, which includes a combination of cereals, pulses, vegetables and spices.^[31]

Typical Madhwa cuisine consists of Saaru (Rasam), Huli (Sambar), Gojju and Anna (Rice).^[32] Gojju is generally a beloved dish to entire Madhwa community.^[33] In sweets, Hayagreeva is a very common sweet dish made in most Madhwa Brahmin homes, made using Bengal gram with jaggery and coconut.^[34]

Strict Madhva Brahmins avoid onion, garlic, red lentils, and even carrots, radish, brinjal and a few other vegetables and spices. They usually only eat food (prasāda) that is offered (naivedya) to one of the Vishnu deities, and fast on Vaishnava Ekadashi days (twice a month) without taking any food or water. Fruits and milk are usually allowed on Ekadashi days.

Social and political issues

In 2017 the government of Karnataka introduced The Karnataka Prevention and Eradication of Inhuman Evil Practices and Black Magic Bill, 2017 in the assembly, which planned to ban all superstition practices considered black magic that promoted "social evils" and the persecution of skeptics. After much debate, Madhwa practices were exempted. In this practice, mudras usually made of gold or copper are heated in the yajna fire and stamped on the body.^[35]

Notable people

• Vyasatirtha – a Dvaita saint and Rajaguru of Krishnadevaraya.^[36]
• Vadiraja Tirtha – a Dvaita philosopher, Carnatic composer and mystic. He was pontiff of Sodhe mutt.^[37]
• Kumara Vyasa (1419-1446) - an influential and classical, early 15th century poet in the Kannada language. His pen name is a tribute to his magnum opus, a rendering of the Mahabharata in Kannada.^[38]
• Purandara Dasa (1484–1564) was a Haridasa, who is widely referred to as the Pitamaha (lit, "father" or the "grandfather") of Carnatic Music.^[39]
• Raghavendra Tirtha, (Guru Rayaru) was a Hindu scholar, theologian and saint. He has authored many works related to Dwaita Vedanta and written commentary on many Indian philosophies. Raghavendra Tirtharu entered Brindavana alive in 1671 in Mantralayam, a village on the bank of river Tungabhadra.
• Pacchimiriam Adiyappa, an 18th-century famous court musician at the palace of Thanjavur Maratha kingdom.^[40]
• Dewan Purnaiah (1746–1812) – the Dewan of Mysore Kingdom under three rulers Hyder Ali, Tipu Sultan and Wadiyar. He is also founder of Yelandur estate^[41]
• Satyadharma Tirtha (1743–1830) – a scholar, saint and mystic of Dvaita order of Vedanta; 28th pontiff of Uttaradi Matha.^[42]
• Kanchi Krishnaswamy Rao (1845–1923) - Diwan of Travancore from 1898 to 1904.^[43]
• Veene Sheshanna (1852–1926) – an exponent of the Veena, an Indian string instrument, which he played in the classical Carnatic music style. He was a concert musician at the court of the princely state of Mysore.^[44]
• P. N. Krishnamurti (1849–1911) – Dewan of Mysore state and 5th Jagirdar of Yelandur estate.^[45]
• Conjeevaram Hayavadana Rao (1865–1946) – an Indian historian, museologist, anthropologist, economist and polyglot. He was a member of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Indian Historical Records Commission and a fellow of the Royal Society of Economics.^{[46] [47]}
• Navaratna Rama Rao (1877–1960) – an Indian writer and scholar from Karnataka.^[48]
• Aluru Venkata Rao (1880–1964) - an Indian revolutionary, historian, writer and journalist.^[49]
• Palladam Sanjiva Rao (1882–1962) - an Indian flautist and carnatic musician.^[50]
• D. R. Bendre (1896 – 1981) is generally considered the greatest Kannada lyric poet of the 20th century and one of the greatest poets in the history of Kannada literature.
• P. B. Gajendragadkar was the 7th Chief Justice of India, serving from February 1964 to March 1966.
• V. K. R. Varadaraja Rao (1908–1991) – Indian economist, politician and educator.^[51]
• Dr. B. N. K. Sharma (1909–2005) was a Sanskrit Scholar (M.A., PhD, D.Litt) who was awarded the Sahitya Academy Award in 1963 for his book (in English) – The History of Dvaita School of Vedanta and its Literature. He also wrote a commentary on the Brahmasutras in 3 volumes. He was awarded the President's award for Sanskrit Scholars in 1992.
• T. R. Ramachandran (1917–1990) - a Tamil actor and comedian who acted in lead and supportive roles from 1940s to the 1960s.^[52]
• Kattingeri Krishna Hebbar (1911–1996) – a celebrated artist known for his India themed artworks; Winner of Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan awards.^[53]
• Bhimsen Joshi (1922–2011) – an Indian singer from Karnataka in the Hindustani classical tradition and Bharat Ratna and Padma Shri awardee.^[54]
• Shikaripura Ranganatha Rao (1922–2013) – an Indian archaeologist who led teams credited with the discovery of a number of Harappan sites including the port city Lothal and Bet Dwarka in Gujarat.^[55]
• N. Vittal (1938 – 2023) was an Indian civil servant who held a number of senior positions in the Government of India, most prominently that of central vigilance commissioner.
• Vishnuvardhan (1950–2009) – an Indian film actor predominantly in Kannada cinema.^[56]
• C. K. Prahalad (1941–2010) is an Indian-American entrepreneur and author. Internationally renowned "Management Guru" and one of the world's most influential business thinkers.^[57]
• U. R. Ananthamurthy (1932–2014) – a contemporary writer and critic in the Kannada language;Winner of Jnanpith Award and Padma Bhushan.^[58]
• Krishna Kumari (1933–2018) – a leading Telugu actress of the 1960s and 1980s.^[59]
• Kashinath Hathwara (1951–2018) – an Indian actor and filmmaker who primarily worked in Kannada films.^[60]
• Sakha Rama Rao – an Indian musician credited with having re-introduced the south Indian chitravina (or "gotuvadyam") to the concert scene.^[61]
• Vishwesha Tirtha (1931–2019) was an Indian Hindu guru, saint and presiding swamiji of the Sri Pejavara Adokshaja Matha, one of the Ashta Mathas belonging to the Dvaita school of philosophy founded by Sri Madhvacharya.^[62]
• Bannanje Govindacharya (1936–2020) was an Indian philosopher and Sanskrit scholar versed in Veda Bhashya, Upanishad Bhashya, Mahabharata, Puranas and Ramayana. Padma Shri Awardee (2009).^[63]
• Dwarakish (1942 – 2024) was an Indian actor, comedian, director and producer who predominantly worked in Kannada cinema in addition to few Tamil, Telugu and Hindi films.
• M. N. Venkatachaliah was the 25th Chief Justice of India. He served as Chief Justice from 1993 to 1994.
• N. R. Narayana Murthy (born 21 August 1946) is the founder of Infosys, and has been the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), president, and chief mentor of the company.
• Kodaganur S. Gopinath is an Indian surgical oncologist, known for his pioneering work on oncological research. He is a recipient of many awards including Dr. B. C. Roy Award, considered to be the premier medical honour in the country. The President of India recognised his services to the field of oncology, by awarding him the fourth highest civilian award, Padma Shri, in 2010.
• Sudha Murthy (born 19 August 1951) is an Indian educator, author and philanthropist who is chairperson of the Infosys Foundation. Murthy was awarded the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award in India, for social work by the Government of India in 2006.
• Vidyabhushana (born July 10, 1952) is a vocalist from Karnataka. He sings devotional songs, chiefly Haridasa compositions and carnatic classical music.
• Shrinivas Kulkarni (born 4 October 1956) is a US-based astronomer born and raised in India. He is currently a professor of astronomy and planetary science at California Institute of Technology, and he served as director of Caltech Optical Observatory (COO) at California Institute of Technology, in which capacity he oversaw the Palomar and Keck among other telescopes. He is the recipient of a number of awards and honours.
• Pralhad Joshi (born 27 November 1962) is an Indian politician who is the current Minister of Coal of India from the Bharatiya Janata Party.
• Jerry Rao is an Indian businessman and entrepreneur. He is the founder and former CEO of the software company Mphasis.
• Upendra (born 18 September 1969) is an Indian filmmaker, actor and politician known for his work in Kannada cinema.
• Sunil Joshi (born 6 June 1970) is a former Indian cricketer and is currently one of the members of the national selection panel of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI).
• Vijay Bharadwaj (born 15 August 1975) is a former Indian cricketer & cricket coach. He was a key architect of Karnataka's three Ranji Trophy triumphs in the 1990s.
• Abhinav Mukund is an Indian cricketer who plays domestic cricket for Tamil Nadu. He has played for India in seven Test matches.

See also

• Forward Castes
• Dvaita Vedanta
• Madhva Vaishnavas
• Sadh Vaishnavism

Bibliography

• Book: Sharma, B. N. Krishnamurti. A History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature, 3rd Edition. Motilal Banarsidass (2008 Reprint) . 978-8120815759. 2000 .
• Book: Hebbar, B.N. The Sri-Krsna Temple at Udupi: The History and Spiritual Center of the Madhvite Sect of Hinduism. Bharatiya Granth Nikethan. 2005. 81-89211-04-8.

Notes and References

1. Book: Sadhus of India: The Sociological View. Bansi Dhar Tripathi. Popular Prakashan. 1978. 32. The followers of Madhwa are called Sad- Vaishnavas in contra-distinction to the Vaishnavas of Sri Sampradaya..
2. Book: The Illustrated Weekly of India, Volume 93. Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press. 1972. 18–22. Page 18:The followers of Madhvacharya (especially Vaishnavas) are found all over Mysore, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra, apart from Maharashtra (Savase brahmins of Sangli, Tasgoan, Karad, Satara, etc) and Central Kerala (Gaud Saraswats)....Page 22:The institutions established by Madhva and his successors for the propagation of the system are found in different parts of the country. A large community of Madhva-Vaishnavas drawn mostly (not exclusively) from the brahmin fold has grown round these institutions. It is not a homogenous community on account of the barriers of language, manner's and customs, food habits and restrictions about intermarriages, etc. The largest number of the community are to found in the North Karnataka areas. Next comes The old Mysore areas, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, parts of Maharashtra proper, Tulunad (South Kanara) and U.P. Barring the Karnatak area and Tamil Nadu, the largest community of Madhvas is to be found among the Gaud Saraswats..
3. Book: Studies in social history: modern India. O. P. Bhatnagar, India. University Grants Commission, University of Allahabad. Dept. of Modern Indian History. St. Paul's Press Training School. 1964. 133–135.
4. Book: Life and Teachings of Narayana Guru: In Two Parts. Nataraja Guru. Narayana Gurukula Foundation. 1990. 200.
5. Book: Wholesome nutrition for mind, body, and microflora: the goal of lacto-vegetarianism (recipes of Udipi cuisine included). Yamuna Lingappa, Banadakoppa T. Lingappa. Ecobiology Foundation International. 1992. 320. 9780963499905.
6. Book: B.G. Kher, the Gentleman Premier. M. V. Kamath. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. 1989. 4. The majority of Karhades are Shaivites and subscribe to Advaita though a small minority are Vaishnavites, having, like many Saraswat brahmins, come under the influence of Madhva..
7. Book: States, Citizens and Outsiders: The Uprooted Peoples of South Asia. 27. Tapan K. Bose. Rita Manchanda. South Asia Forum for Human Rights. 1997. Most notably these were the Deshastha and the Karhade Brahmans many of whom migrated across the Deccan into the east Godavari basin..
8. Book: Karnataka State Gazetteer: South Kanara. B. N. Sri Sathyan. Director of Print., Stationery and Publications at the Government Press. 1973. 109. The Koteshwara Brahmins, who are Madhvas, are a small body who take their name from Koteshwara, a place in Coondapur taluk..
9. Book: Marriage and Family in Mysore. 27. Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas. AMS Press. 1978. 9780404159757. The Nanda Vaidikas come from the Telugu country and include both Smarthas and Madhvas..
10. Book: Marriage and Family in Mysore. Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas. AMS Press. 1978. 28. 9780404159757. the Kannada Kamme and Ulcha Kamme are both Smartas and Madhvas : nearly all speak Kannada, a few Telugu also..
11. Book: Karnataka State Gazetteer: Mysore. 157. Director of Print, Stationery and Publications at the Government Press. 1988. The Madhwas are followers of the Dwaitha philosophy of Madhwacharya and have sub-sects like the Badaganadu, Aravelu, Aravathuvokkalu, Deshastha, etc..
12. Book: Karnataka State Gazetteer: South Kanara. B. N. Sri Sathyan. Director of Print., Stationery and Publications at the Government Press. 1973. 109. The groups usually styled as Tulu Brahmins are mainly the Shivalli Brahmins whose main centre is Udipi....The Tulu-speaking Brahmins of the present day are largely followers of Madhvacharya. only a small number remaining Smarthas.
13. Book: Karnataka State Gazetteer: Belgaum. 199. Karnataka (India), Director of Print, Stationery and Publications at the Government Press. 1987. Most of the Madhwas of the district speak Kannada at home. Among the Marathi speaking, a few are Chitpavans (or Kokanasthas) and Karhades and most of them are Deshasthas..
14. Book: Understanding Our Fellow Pilgrims. 65. Gregory Naik. Gujarat Sahitya Prakash. 2000. The Karhada Brahmins: The Brahmins lived in southern parts of modern Maharashtra, between Konkan and Desh, in a province, then called Karathak, comprising Satara, Sangli, and Kolhapur, with Karad as capital. Hence the name of Karhada Brahmins. Among them too there are Smartas and Madhvas or Bhagwats (Vaishnavites).. 9788187886105.
15. Book: The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions, Volume 1. 113. Asian Educational Services. Syed Siraj ul Hassan. 1989. 9788120604889. The Karhades are all Rigvedis of the Shakala Shaka, who respect the sutra, or aphorism, of Ashwalayana. They belong to both the Smartha, and the Vaishnava sects, and in religious and spiritual matters follow the guidance of Sri Shankaracharya, and Madhwacharya, respectively..
16. Book: The Chitpavans: Social Ascendancy of a Creative Minority in Maharashtra, 1818–1918. Sandhya Gokhale. Shubhi Publications. 2008. 27. 9788182901322.
17. Book: India's Communities, Volume 6. Kumar Suresh Singh. Oxford University Press. 1998. 2044. In Tamil Nadu, the Madhwa Brahmins are migrants from Karnataka. They have six sub-groups, they are Aruvela, Aruvanththuvakkalu, Badaganadu, Pennaththurar, Prathamasaki and Desastha and Badaga. They are concentrated in the Madras, Coimbatore, Coonoor and in Ooty.. 9780195633542.
18. Book: Social Change in Village India:An Andhra Case Study. Y. Subhashini Subrahmanyam. 1975. Prithvi Raj Publishers. 71. The Madhwas or Golconda Vyapari Brahmins follow the teachings of their Guru Madhwachari who preached Dvaita in contrast to Sankaracharya's Advaita which believes that the Jivatma (soul of the individual) and Paramatma (cosmic soul) ....
19. Book: The Structure of Indian Society: Then and Now. A. M. Shah. 6 December 2012. Routledge. 6 December 2012. 88. 9781136197710.
20. Book: Religion in India. T. N. Madan. Oxford University Press. 1992. A third religious leader who has had tremendous influence on the Gayawal is Madhavacharya who flourished during the twelfth century ad. The Gayawal caste as a whole is a follower of the Madhava Vaishnava sect, and, as we have noted earlier, the Madhva math is a living religious center that wields a powerful influence on Gayawal..
21. Book: A socio-cultural history of Goa from the Bhojas to the Vijayanagara. Vithal Raghavendra Mitragotri. Institute Menezes Braganza. 1999. 105.
22. Book: Survey of Ancient India: Literary and cultural perspectives on ancient. 267. Anmol Publications. 1999. Raj Kumar. 9788126101955.
23. Book: Bakhtin and Translation Studies: Theoretical Extensions and Connotations. 83. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Dr. Amith Kumar P.V.. The Madhwa Brahmins speak a variety of Kannada that borders on a literary dialect. Their language is punctuated by Sanskrit shlokas.
24. Book: Tamil Nadu, Part 2. 854. Anthropological Survey of India. 1997. R. Thirumalai, S. Manoharan. The Madhva speak Kannada, their mother tongue, in their homes but with outsiders they speak Tamil.
25. Book: Studies in the Linguistic Sciences, Volumes 8–9. Department of Linguistics, University of Illinois. 199. 1978. The Desastha Madhwa brahmins in the South have traditionally been bilingual in Marathi and Kannada, Telugu or Tamil.
26. Book: The Sacred Complex in Hindu Gaya. registration. 54. Lalita Prasad Vidyarthi. Concept Publishing Company. 1978.
27. Book: People of India: India's communities, Volume 5. 2044. Oxford University Press. 1998. 9788185579092. The Madhwa Brahman are traditionally priests . In addition, they are engaged in agriculture and business . At present, most of them are in government and private services ..
28. Book: Charisma and Canon: Essays on the Religious History of the Indian Subcontinent. 123. Vasudha Dalmia. Angelika Malinar. Martin Christof. Oxford University Press. 2001. 9780195654530. While the GSBs tend to be a religiously self-contained community, the Taulavas and Desasthas are more sought after for priestly services by other communities. There are numerous cultural difference between these three subdivisions..
29. Book: Journal of Social Research, Volume 17. 3. Council of Social and Cultural Research, Bihar. 1974.
30. Book: India's Communities, Volume 5. Oxford University Press. 1998. 2045. 9780195633542. They are pure vegetarian and the staple cereals are rice and wheat.
31. https://www.mid-day.com/articles/secrets-from-the-udupi-kitchen/16166175 Secrets From The Udupi Kitchen
32. Web site: A Peek Into A Madhwa Brahmin Kitchen. 10 October 2015. India Food Network.
33. Book: Curry Easy Vegetarian. Penguin Random House. Madhur Jaffrey. 2014. 9781473503458.
34. https://www.deccanherald.com/content/642915/sweets-karnataka-deserve-geographical-indication.html Sweets from Karnataka that deserve Geographical Indication (GI)
35. Web site: Karnataka Takes Stand Against Superstition, Bans All Evil Practices Including Black Magic. 17 November 2017. Indiatimes. 17 November 2017.
36. Book: Journal of the Andhra Historical Society, Volumes 25–26. Andhra Historical Research Society. 1960. 175. Krishnadevaraya of Tuluva Dynasty honoured the famous Madhwa Brahmin Poet Vyasatheertha.
37. Book: A. K. Ramanujan. Poems and a Novella. Oxford University Press. 2006. 9780195674989. 193. Saint Vadiraja: Belonged to the sect of the Madhva Brahmins of Udipi..
38. Book: C. T. M. Kotraiah. Archaeology of Hampi-Vijayanagara. K. M. Suresh. Bharatiya Kala Prakashan. 2008. 9788180902116. 390. 1 January 2008.
39. Book: Purandaradāsa. Sree Puranḍara gānāmrutham: text with notation. A. S. Panchapakesa Iyer. Gānāmrutha Prachuram. 1992. Shri Purandara dasa who is considered to be the aadhiguru and Sangeeta Pitamaha of carnatic music was born in purandaragad in Ballary District near the town of Hampi, to a millionaire Varadappa Nayak and Kamalambal, a devoted wife and great lady, belonging to Madhva Desastha Brahmin race, by the blessings of Tirupati Venkatachalapathi in the year 1484..
40. Book: The Illustrated Weekly of India, Volume 101, Issues 35–46. 7. Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press. 1980., it has been mentioned that Pachimiriyam Adiayyappaiah was a Karnataka Brahmin of the Madhva Sect..
41. News: Statesman and a survivor. Deccab Herald . 7 February 2011 .
42. Book: Rajaram N S. The Vanished Raj A Memoir of Princely India. 12 January 2019. Prism Books Private Limited. 9789388478113. 447. 12 January 2019.
43. Book: The Indian Biographical Dictionary, 1915 (Classic Reprint). 238. C. Hayavandana Rao. 24 February 2018. Fb&c Limited. 9780666284051. 24 February 2018. (page 238) Krishnaswami Rao Kanchi, Dewan Bahadur, (1895), C.I.E, (1898), Dewan of Travsncore (retired), belongs to respectable Madhwa Deshastha Brahmin family; of late Mr. Kanchi Venkat Rao; b. 1845..
44. Book: P.N. Sundaresan. Sruti, Issues 112–113. 1994. 9. Born in 1852 in a Madhwa brahmin family, Seshanna was the son of Veena- Bakshi Chikkaramappa, a vidwan in Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar's court and a descendant of Pachimiriam Adiappaiah, the creator of the immortal Bhairavi.
45. Book: The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (Bangalore)., Volume 73. The Society. 1982. 124. P.N.Krishnamurthi Mysorean and Madhwa Brahmin was a Dewan.
46. The quarterly journal of the Mythic society (Bangalore). 94. 56. Mythic Society. 1966.
47. at page 94; Quote – "Rao Bahadur C.Hayavadana Rao was born on Tenth of July 1865 at Hosur, Krishnagiri talk in a Madhwa Deshastha Family.His father was C.Raja Rao"
48. Book: Rajaram N S. The Vanished Raj A Memoir of Princely India. 12 January 2019. Prism Books Private Limited. 9789388478113. 18. 12 January 2019.
49. Book: Datta, Amaresh. Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo. Sahithya Akademi. 1987. 9788126018031. 145. Born in an orthodox Madhwa Brahmin household, he graduated in Philosophy hons.
50. Book: Vuppuluri Lakshminarayana Sastri. Encyclopaedia of the Madras Presidency and the Adjacent States. Oriental Enclyclopaedic Publishing Company. 1920. 610. Mr. Sanjeevi Rao is the youngest of the three sons, born in 1883, of his father Venkobachariar of Palladam, Coimbatore District, belonging to a respected orthodox Madhwa Brahmin family.
51. Book: Vijendra Kasturi Ranga Varadaraja Rao. The Partial Memoirs of V.K.R.V. Rao. S. L. Rao. Oxford University Press. 2002. 9780195658231. 1.
52. News: 28 May 2015. Man with saucer eyes. The Hindu.
53. Book: The Absorption of Hydrocarbon Gases by Non-aqueous Liquids. Alonzo Simpson McDaniel. University of Wisconsin—Madison. 1990. 124. Kattingeri Krishna Hebbar was born on 15 June 1912 at Kattingeri, a village in Udupi Taluk of Dakshina Kannada District of coastal Karnataka, in a middle-class Kannada- speaking, Madhwa, Shivalli Brahman family..
54. News: The Dharwad Gharana: Hindustani music's southern home. THE NEWS MINUTE. A name that stands tall is that of Pandit Bhimsen Joshi born to a Madhwa Brahmin family of scholars in Gadag, Bhimsen took his training under the great Pt Rambhau Kundgolkar, popular as ‘Sawai Gandharva’..
55. Book: Baiderbettu Upendra Nayak. New trends in Indian art and archaeology: S.R. Rao's 70th birthday felicitation volume, Volume 1. N. C. Ghosh. Shikaripur Ranganatha Rao. Aditya Prakashan. 1992. 9788185689135. xxi. Shikaripur Ranganatha Rao (S. R. Rao) was born on 1st July, 1920 at Anandapuram in Sagar taluk of Shimoga district in the erstwhile Mysore (now Karnataka) state. His father Shikaripur Hucha Rao, a Madhwa Brahmin, was well educated up to the first year in Arts and wanted to practise Law..
56. News: Vishnuvardhan: The silent superstar. Rediff News. 30 December 2009.
57. Web site: C.K. Prahalad Bio .
58. https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-mind-and-metaphors-of-ur-ananthamurthy/article6367252.ece The mind and metaphors of U.R. Ananthamurthy – The Hindu
59. News: Changing roles with the years. The Hindu. 28 May 2016.
60. https://www.ibtimes.co.in/kashinath-laid-rest-shivaraj-kumar-darshan-entire-sandalwood-bids-tearful-adieu-757478 Kashinath laid to rest: Shivaraj Kumar, Darshan and entire Sandalwood bids tearful adieu
61. Book: The Journal of the Music Academy, Madras, Volume 58. 110. Music Academy. 1987. Sakharam Rao was born at Madhyarjunam (Tiruvidaimarudur) in the Tanjore District. He was the eldest son of Gottu Vadya Srinivasa Rao, a famous player of the preceding generation from whom he learnt the art. He was a Madhva Desastha Brahmin and a Rigvedi..
62. Web site: Sri Pejavara Adhokshaja Matha . www.pejavara.org . 7 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090726121416/http://www.pejavara.org/aboutus.htm . 26 July 2009 . dead.
63. Web site: Archived copy . mha.nic.in . 7 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf . 15 October 2015 . dead.