Macrohistory Explained

Macrohistory seeks out large, long-term trends in world history in search of ultimate patterns by a comparison of proximate details.[1] It favors a comparative or world-historical perspective to determine the roots of changes as well as the developmental paths of society or a historical process.

A macrohistorical study might examine Japanese feudalism and European feudalism to decide whether feudal structures are an inevitable outcome because of certain conditions. Macrohistorical studies often "assume that macro-historical processes repeat themselves in explainable and understandable ways."[2] The approach can identify stages in the development of humanity as a whole such as the large-scale direction towards greater rationality, greater liberty or the development of productive forces and communist society, among others.[3]

Description

Macrohistory is distinguished from microhistory, which involves the rigorous and in-depth study of a single event in history.[4] However, these two can be combined such as the case of studying the larger trends of post-slavery societies, which include the examination of individual cases and smaller groups.[5] Macrohistory is also distinguished from metahistory with the way the latter recognizes historical works as "a verbal structure in the form of a narrative prose discourse."[6] According to Garry Trompf, macrohistory encompasses but is not limited by metahistory by taking in broad prospectus of change, including those that are imaginal or speculative.[7]

Macrohistory has four "idea frames" – that past events can show: 1) we are progressing; 2) affairs have worsened; 3) everything is repetitive; and, 4) nothing can be understood without an eschaton (end time) or apocatastasis (restoration of all things, or reconstitution).[8]

Examples

Examples of macrohistorical analysis include Oswald Spengler's assertion that the lifespan of civilizations is limited and ultimately they decay. There is also Arnold J. Toynbee's historical synthesis in explaining the rise and fall of civilizations, which also included those by other historians (e.g. William H. McNeill's The Rise of the West) inspired by his works.[9] The Battle of Ain Jalut and the early Mongol conquests are considered by many historians to be of great macrohistorical importance.[10] The former marked the high water point of Mongol conquests, and the first time they had ever been decisively defeated. The early conquests, on the other hand, were pursued for the purpose of long-distance trade but disrupted trade networks until the emergence of the so-called Pax Mongolica when trade relations in Eurasia stabilized.

Reception

According to economists Robert Solow,[11] Brian Snowdon,[12] Jason Collins,[13] and to an article in the "Break Through & Mind Changing Idea" section of Wired (Japan),[14] [15] Oded Galor's unified growth theory is a macro-historical analysis that has significantly contributed to the understanding of process of development over the entire course of human history and the role of deep-rooted factors in the transition from stagnation to growth and in the emergence of the vast inequality across the globe.[16] Wired (Japan) has described Galor's theory as a global theory comparable to Newton's "law of gravitation", Darwin's "evolution theory" or Einstein's "general relativity".

Macrohistorical publications

See also

Notes and References

  1. Book: Li, Huaiyin. The Making of the Modern Chinese State: 1600–1950. 2019. Routledge. 9781138362444. Oxon.
  2. Matthew C. Wells, Ph.D., Parallelism: A Handbook of Social Analysis. Archived August 24, 2011.
  3. Book: Politics from Anarchy to Democracy: Rational Choice in Political Science. Morris. Irwin. Oppenheimer. Joe. Soltan. Karol. Stanford University Press. 2004. 0804745838. Stanford, CA. 224.
  4. Book: Exploring Big Historical Data: The Historian's Macroscope. Graham. Shawn. Milligan. Ian. Weingart. Scott. Imperial College Press. 2015. 9781783266081. London. 2.
  5. Book: Araujo, Ana Lucia. Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2017. 9781350010598. London. 7.
  6. Book: Metafiction and Metahistory in Contemporary Women's Writing. limited. Heilmann. MarkAnn. Llewellyn. Mark. 2007. Palgrave Macmillan. 9781349281855. New York. 2.
  7. Book: Milani, Milad. Sufism in the Secret History of Persia. 2014. Routledge. 9781844656776. Oxon. 8.
  8. Book: Handbook of the Theosophical Current. 2013. BRILL. 9789004235960. Leiden. 375.
  9. Book: Yerxa, Donald A.. Recent Themes in World History and the History of the West: Historians in Conversation. 2009. University of South Carolina Press. 978-1-57003-831-0. 3.
  10. Book: Etkin, Nina Lilian. Foods of Association: Biocultural Perspectives on Foods and Beverages that Mediate Sociability. 2009. University of Arizona Press. 978-0-8165-2777-9. Tucson, AZ. 53.
  11. Book: Robert. Solow. Endorsements. May 2011. Princeton University Press. 9780691130026.
  12. Snowdon. Brian. June 2008. Towards a Unified Theory of Economic Growth. Oded Galor on the transition from Malthusian stagnation to modern economic growth. An interview with introduction by Brian Snowdon. World Economics. 2. 9. 10.1.1.724.3924.
  13. Web site: Galor's Unified Growth Theory. Collins. Jason. 2013. Jason Collins Blog.
  14. Ishikawa. Yoshiko. 2018. The root of economic disparity is attributed to East Africa ten thousands of years ago: Professor Oded Galor's 'Unified Growth Theory'. Wired. 31.
  15. Web site: English Translation of Yoshiko Ishikawa, 'The root of economic disparity is attributed to East Africa ten thousands of years ago: Professor Oded Galor's Unified Growth Theory'. 2018.
  16. Book: Galor, Oded. Unified Growth Theory. Princeton University Press. 2011. 9781400838868. Princeton.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Macrohistory".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.