MacKenzie Scott explained

MacKenzie Scott
Other Names:MacKenzie Bezos
Birth Name:MacKenzie Scott Tuttle
Birth Date:7 April 1970
Birth Place:San Francisco, California, U.S.
Children:4
Awards:American Book Award (2006)
Education:Princeton University (BA)
Notable Works:The Testing of Luther Albright

MacKenzie Scott (Tuttle, formerly Bezos; born April 7, 1970)[1] [2] is an American novelist, philanthropist, and ex-wife of Amazon founder Jeff Bezos., she has a net worth of US$36.1 billion, owning a 4% stake in Amazon.[3] [4] As such, Scott came out of her divorce as the third-wealthiest woman in the United States and the 47th-wealthiest individual in the world.[5] Scott was named the world's most powerful woman by Forbes in 2021 and one of Times 100 most influential people in 2020.[6]

In 2006, Scott won an American Book Award for her 2005 debut novel, The Testing of Luther Albright. Her second novel, Traps, was published in 2013. She has been executive director of Bystander Revolution, an anti-bullying organization, since she founded it in 2014.[7] She is committed to giving at least half of her wealth to charity as a signatory to the Giving Pledge.[8] Scott made US$5.8 billion in charitable gifts in 2020, one of the largest annual distributions by a private individual to working charities.[9] [10] She donated a further $2.7 billion in 2021.[11] As of mid-December 2022, Scott had given a total of $14 billion to over 1600 charitable organizations.[12]

Early life and education

MacKenzie Scott Tuttle was born on April 7, 1970, in San Francisco, California, to Holiday Robin (née Cuming), a homemaker, and Jason Baker Tuttle, a financial planner.[13] She has two brothers. She was named after her maternal grandfather, G. Scott Cuming, who worked as an executive and general counsel at El Paso Natural Gas. She claims to remember writing seriously at the age of six, when she wrote The Book Worm, a 142-page book that was destroyed in a flood.[14]

In 1988, she graduated from the Hotchkiss School in Lakeville, Connecticut.[15] In 1992, Tuttle earned her bachelor's degree in English from Princeton University, where she studied under Nobel Laureate in Literature Toni Morrison, who described Tuttle as "one of the best students I've ever had in my creative writing classes."

Career

After graduating from college, Tuttle worked as a research assistant to Morrison for the 1992 novel Jazz. She also worked in an administrative role for hedge fund D. E. Shaw in New York City, where she met Jeff Bezos.

Amazon

In 1993, Scott and Bezos married. The following year, they left D. E. Shaw, moved to Seattle, and Bezos founded Amazon with Scott's support. Scott was one of Amazon's early key contributors, and was heavily involved in Amazon's early days, working on the company's name, business plan, accounts, and shipping early orders.[16] She also negotiated the company's first freight contract. After 1996, Scott took a less involved role in the business, focusing on her family and literary career.

Literary career

In 2005, Scott wrote her debut novel, The Testing of Luther Albright, for which she won an American Book Award in 2006. She said that the book took her ten years to write as she was helping Bezos build Amazon and raising her family.[17] Toni Morrison, her former professor, reviewed the book as "a rarity: a sophisticated novel that breaks and swells the heart".[14] Her second novel, Traps, was published in 2013. According to NPD BookScan, sales of her books were modest.

Personal life

Scott was married to Jeff Bezos,[18] [19] whom she met while working as an administrative assistant at D.E. Shaw in 1992. After three months of dating, they married and moved from Manhattan to Seattle, Washington, in 1994.[14] They have four children: three sons, and an adopted daughter from China.[20]

Their community property divorce in 2019 left Scott with US$35.6 billion in Amazon stock, but her former husband retained 75% of the couple's Amazon stock. She became the third-wealthiest woman in the world and one of the wealthiest people overall in April 2019.[21] In July 2020, Scott was ranked the 22nd-richest person in the world by Forbes with a net worth estimated at $36 billion. [22] By September 2020, Scott was named the world's richest woman, and by December 2020, her net worth was estimated at $62 billion. [23] [24]

After her divorce from Jeff Bezos, MacKenzie Bezos changed her name to MacKenzie Scott, with the surname deriving from her middle name given at birth.[2]

In 2021, Scott then married Lakeside School science teacher Dan Jewett.[25] The marriage was revealed in Jewett's Giving Pledge letter posted in March 2021.[26] [27] In September 2022, Scott filed for divorce, which was finalized in January 2023.[28] [29]

Philanthropy

In May 2019, Scott signed the Giving Pledge, a charitable-giving campaign in which she undertook to give away most of her wealth to charity over her lifetime or in her will. Despite its name, the pledge is not legally binding.[30]

In a July 2020 Medium post,[31] Scott announced that she had donated $1.7 billion to 116 non-profit organizations, with a focus on racial equality, LGBTQ+ equality, democracy, and climate change.[32] Her gifts to HBCUs, Hispanic-serving institutions, tribal colleges and universities, and other colleges surpass $800 million.[33] [34] In December 2020, less than six months later, Scott stated that she had donated a further $4.15 billion in the previous four months to 384 organizations, with a focus on providing support to people affected by the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and addressing long-term systemic inequities.[35] She said that after July, she wanted her advisory team to give her wealth away faster as the United States struggled with the unprecedented impact of COVID-19 while billionaires' wealth continued to climb. Her team's focus was on "identifying organizations with strong leadership teams and results, with special attention to those operating in communities facing high projected food insecurity, high measures of racial inequity, high local poverty rates, and low access to philanthropic capital."[36] Scott's 2020 charitable giving totaled $5.8 billion, one of the largest annual distributions by a private individual to working charities.[37]

Scott announced another $2.7 billion in giving to 286 organizations in June 2021.[38] Forbes reported that Scott donated $8.5 billion across 780 organizations in one year (July 2020 to July 2021). In June 2021, Scott and Melinda French Gates launched the Equality Can't Wait Challenge, a contest to promote gender equality[39] and expanding women's power and influence in the United States by 2030.[40] The four winners received $10 million each, and an additional $8 million was split between the two finalists.[39] In February 2022, nine organizations announced gifts from Scott totaling $264.5 million.[41] The Association for Women's Rights in Development received a $15 million donation.[42] On March 23, 2022, more gifts were announced, including $436 million to Habitat for Humanity[43] and $275 million to Planned Parenthood.[44] [45] In May 2022, the Big Brothers, Big Sisters foundation reported a $122.6 million donation from Scott.[46] Scott has also made donations to organizations in Kenya, India, Brazil, Micronesia, and Latin America.[47] In April 2022, The New York Times reported that Scott's donations since 2019 have exceeded $12 billion.[48] In September 2022, Scott donated two of her Beverly Hills homes, worth a combined $55 million, to the California Community Foundation (CCF), which provides grants to mission-based nonprofits in Los Angeles. The organization intended to sell both homes and use 90% of the earnings to fund affordable housing initiatives and direct the other 10% to an immigrant integration program.[49] In October 2022, Scott donated $84.5 million to Girl Scouts of the USA and its 29 local councils. This was the largest donation from an individual in the organization’s history.[50] As of November 2022, Scott had donated almost $14 billion to 1500 organizations.

In March 2023, Scott announced an "open call" for community-focused nonprofits with annual budgets between $1 and $5 million[51] that she could fund. Scott planned to make unrestricted $1 million donations to 250 nonprofits selected in the process.[52] Lever for Change announced that Scott's open call for grants prompted 6,000 applicants.[53] The result was announced on March 19, 2024.[54] She ended up donating $640 million to 361 small nonprofits, giving more than double what the original open call planned for,[54] with 279 non-profits received $2 million each while 82 groups were given $1 million each.[55] Scott donated nearly $2.2 billion in 2023 to 360 organizations supporting early learning, access to affordable housing, race and gender equity, health equity, and civic and social engagement.[56] She donated $5 million to the Hawaii Community Foundation. The foundation intended to use 75% of the donation to fund the Maui Strong Fund, a fund created to support the long-term recovery from Maui wildfires.[57] As of December 2023, Scott had donated more than $16 billion to non-profit organizations.[58] In March 2024, Scott's donations has reached $17.2 billion.[59]

Forbes reported, "the unrestricted and ultimately more trusting nature of Scott's philanthropy is the exception, not the norm in their world."[60] The New York Times noted that "Ms. Scott has turned traditional philanthropy on its head... by disbursing her money quickly and without much hoopla, Ms. Scott has pushed the focus away from the giver, and onto the nonprofits, she is trying to help."[61] Scott stated she believed "teams with experience on the front lines of challenges will know best how to put the money to good use."[36] [62] According to a report from the Center for Effective Philanthropy, slightly more than half of the 277 nonprofit organizations surveyed stated that their grant from Scott has made fundraising easier, with some saying they are able to use it as leverage with other donors and the large gift "has enabled organizations to focus funds where they were most needed to achieve their mission."[12] According to Senior Vice President of the Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors, Renee Karibi-Whyte, competitions like Scott's open call can help organizations who do not have connections with a specific funder get considered.[51] In December 2021, Scott faced backlash for a Medium post when she stated she would not reveal how much money she has donated or to whom.[63] She subsequently announced that her team would build a website to share details of her philanthropy. In December 2022, she posted the link to her donation database, called Yield Giving.[64] Per the website, "Yield is named after a belief in adding value by giving up control."[65]

Bibliography

See also

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Web site: What we know, and don't know, about Jeff Bezos' religious beliefs. J.K.. Trotter . January 22, 2019 . Insider. February 12, 2020 . ...marriage of Jeffrey Preston Bezos and MacKenzie Scott Tuttle.. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/vSiJY. July 31, 2022. live.
  2. News: Statt. Nick. July 28, 2020. MacKenzie Scott has already donated nearly $1.7 billion of her Amazon wealth since divorcing Jeff Bezos. . July 28, 2020. The Verge.
  3. Web site: MacKenzie Scott . Forbes . en.
  4. Web site: Here's how much money MacKenzie Scott has given away in recent years . www.cbsnews.com . CBS . 31 December 2022 . 15 December 2022.
  5. Web site: Bloomberg Billionaires Index: MacKenzie Scott . Bloomberg. November 22, 2021.
  6. MacKenzie Scott: The 100 Most Influential People of 2020. September 23, 2020. Time.
  7. Web site: Bystander Revolution. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150214065530/http://www.bystanderrevolution.org/about. February 14, 2015. April 21, 2015.
  8. Web site: Gren. Christy. May 29, 2019. MacKenzie Bezos Signs The Giving Pledge and Pledges to give Half Her Fortune. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190713180125/https://www.industryleadersmagazine.com/mackenzie-bezos-signs-the-giving-pledge-and-pledges-to-give-half-her-35-billion-fortune/. July 13, 2019. July 13, 2019. Industry Leaders Magazine.
  9. News: December 15, 2020. MacKenzie Scott Gives Away $4.2 Billion in Four Months. Bloomberg News. December 30, 2020.
  10. News: Vallely. Paul. Jeff Bezos and Mackenzie Scott: Please stop giving. You're making me look bad. The Times. December 30, 2020. 0140-0460.
  11. Web site: MacKenzie Scott Is Giving Away Another $2.7 Billion To 286 Organizations. June 21, 2021. NPR.
  12. Web site: Ramishah. Maruf . MacKenzie Scott announces another $2 billion in donations. November 15, 2022. CNN Business. https://web.archive.org/web/20221223021412/https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/14/business/mackenzie-scott-donations/index.html. December 23, 2022. December 23, 2022. live.
  13. Web site: Johnson. Rebecca. MacKenzie Bezos: Writer, Mother of Four, and High-profile Wife. Vogue. February 20, 2013. August 23, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170220071525/http://www.vogue.com/article/a-novel-perspective-mackenzie-bezos. February 20, 2017. live.
  14. News: Bromwich . Jonah Engel . Alter . Alexandra . January 12, 2019 . Who Is MacKenzie Scott? . en-US . The New York Times . live . limited . December 30, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200613163748/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/12/style/jeff-bezos-mackenzie-divorce.html . June 13, 2020 . 0362-4331.
  15. Web site: 2004. Alumni Award: Previous Recipients. hotchkiss.org. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150310133421/http://www.hotchkiss.org/alumni/Accomplishments.aspx. March 10, 2015. March 8, 2015. The Hotchkiss School.
  16. MacKenzie Bezos and the Myth of the Lone Genius Founder. en-us. Wired. December 24, 2020. 1059-1028.
  17. Web site: 7 Things To Know About MacKenzie Scott, The Woman Who Donated $6 Billion In 2020. December 24, 2020. British Vogue. December 22, 2020. en-GB. https://web.archive.org/web/20220808080943/https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/article/mackenzie-scott. August 8, 2022. live.
  18. Bayers . Chip . The Inner Bezos . . 7 . 3 . August 23, 2013 . March 1999 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130831214002/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/7.03/bezos_pr.html . August 31, 2013 . live .
  19. Web site: Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos and wife MacKenzie to divorce after 25 years of marriage . Mike . Snider . . January 9, 2019 . January 9, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190109190914/https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2019/01/09/amazon-ceo-jeff-bezos-wife-mackenzie-divorce-after-25-years/2523544002/ . January 9, 2019 . live .
  20. Web site: Jeff Bezos Fast Facts . . 2019 . January 9, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181212121012/https://edition.cnn.com/2013/04/05/us/jeff-bezos-fast-facts/ . December 12, 2018 . live .
  21. Web site: MacKenzie Bezos, with $35 billion, is now the world's third-wealthiest woman . Schleifer . Theodore . April 4, 2019 . Recode . April 4, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190425013116/https://www.recode.net/2019/4/4/18295576/mackenzie-bezos-jeff-bezos-divorce-wealth-billionaire-women . April 25, 2019 . live .
  22. Web site: MacKenzie Scott. September 29, 2020. Forbes.
  23. News: Kulish. Nicholas. December 16, 2020. MacKenzie Scott Announces $4.2 Billion More in Charitable Giving. en-US. The New York Times. December 16, 2020. 0362-4331.
  24. Web site: Goodwin. Jazmin . MacKenzie Scott has become the world's richest woman. September 3, 2020 . September 10, 2020. CNN.
  25. News: DeSantis . Rachel . Who Is MacKenzie Scott's Husband? All About Dan Jewett . October 11, 2022 . People . October 3, 2022.
  26. News: Mattioli. Dana. March 7, 2021. Philanthropist MacKenzie Scott, Ex-Wife of Jeff Bezos, Marries Seattle School Teacher . March 8, 2021. The Wall Street Journal. subscription.
  27. Web site: McLean. Rob. March 8, 2021. Billionaire MacKenzie Scott remarries, tying the knot with a Seattle schoolteacher. March 8, 2021. CNN.
  28. News: Kulish . Nicholas . Ruiz . Rebecca R. . Weise . Karen . 2022-09-28 . MacKenzie Scott, Billionaire Philanthropist, Files for Divorce . en-US . The New York Times . 2022-09-28 . 0362-4331 . subscription.
  29. Web site: MacKenzie Scott Officially Divorced From Seattle Teacher Dan Jewett 4 Months After Billionaire Filed . www.people.com. People. 11 January 2023 . 10 January 2023.
  30. Web site: MacKenzie Bezos signed the philanthropic commitment her ex-husband spurned. Schleifer. Theodore. May 28, 2019. Vox. May 31, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200527201045/https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/5/28/18641623/mackenzie-bezos-giving-pledge-philanthropy-jeff-bezos-divorce. May 27, 2020. live.
  31. Web site: Scott. MacKenzie. July 28, 2020. 116 Organizations Driving Change. November 18, 2021. Medium. https://web.archive.org/web/20220731045848/https://mackenzie-scott.medium.com/116-organizations-driving-change-67354c6d733d. July 31, 2022. live.
  32. News: Iyengar . Rishi . July 28, 2020 . MacKenzie Scott, formerly Bezos, says she has given away $1.7 billion of her wealth so far. . CNN Business . July 28, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20220731045743/https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/28/tech/mackenzie-scott-bezos-donation/index.html. July 31, 2022. live.
  33. News: 'Transformational': MacKenzie Scott's gifts to HBCUs, other colleges surpass $800 million. https://web.archive.org/web/20220731050035/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/mackenzie-scott-hbcu-donations/2020/12/17/0ce9ef5a-406f-11eb-8db8-395dedaaa036_story.html. July 31, 2022. live. The Washington Post.
  34. News: The historic MacKenzie Scott gifts to historically Black colleges and others: Which schools got how much. https://web.archive.org/web/20220731050636/https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2020/12/18/mackenzie-scott-college-donation-list-hbcus/. July 31, 2022. live. The Washington Post.
  35. News: Kulish. Nicholas. December 16, 2020. MacKenzie Scott Announces $4.2 Billion More in Charitable Giving. en-US. The New York Times . live. December 16, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201216010005/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/15/business/mackenzie-scott-donations.html. December 16, 2020. 0362-4331.
  36. Web site: Scott. MacKenzie. December 15, 2020. 384 Ways to Help. December 26, 2020. Medium. https://web.archive.org/web/20220731050832/https://mackenzie-scott.medium.com/384-ways-to-help-45d0b9ac6ad8. July 31, 2022. live.
  37. Web site: Dolan. Kerry A.. Mackenzie (Bezos) Scott Announces She's Donated $4.1 Billion To 384 Groups In Recent Months. December 16, 2020. Forbes. https://archive.today/20230324113646/https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2020/12/15/mackenzie-bezos-scott-announces-shes-donated-41-billion-to-384-groups-in-recent-months/?sh=22c84c823fd3 . March 24, 2023. live.
  38. News: Philanthropist MacKenzie Scott gives away $2.7bn to hundreds of charities. June 15, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20220731051414/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/jun/15/philanthropist-mackenzie-scott-gives-away-2bn-to-286-organisations. July 31, 2022. live. The Guardian.
  39. Web site: Shera. Avi-Yonah. MacKenzie Scott, Melinda French Gates Give $40 Million to Gender Equality Groups. July 29, 2021. March 1, 2021. Bloomberg News. https://archive.today/20230324111726/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-07-29/scott-french-gates-give-40-million-to-gender-equality-groups. March 24, 2023. live.
  40. Web site: Maggie. McGrath . Melinda French Gates And MacKenzie Scott Award $40 Million To The Winners Of The Equality Can't Wait Challenge. July 29, 2021. March 1, 2021. Forbes. https://archive.today/20230324112505/https://www.forbes.com/sites/maggiemcgrath/2021/07/29/melinda-french-gates-awards-40-million-to-the-winners-of-the-equality-cant-wait-challenge/?sh=3cfd994a590c. March 24, 2023. live.
  41. Web site: Rachel. Sandler. Here's Who MacKenzie Scott Donated To So Far In February. February 12, 2021. March 1, 2021. Forbes. https://archive.today/20230324113333/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rachelsandler/2022/02/12/heres-who-mackenzie-scott-donated-to-so-far-in-february/?sh=56555b9466c1. March 24, 2023. live.
  42. Web site: Salas . Margarita . Duque . Astrid . With contributions from all AWID staff . AWID 2022 Annual Report . 2023-10-02 . The Association for Women’s Rights in Development . 2024-07-17 . 24.
  43. Web site: Habitat for Humanity International and 84 U.S. Habitat affiliates receive transformational $436M gift from MacKenzie Scott . 2022-03-24 . Habitat for Humanity. https://web.archive.org/web/20220731052302/https://www.habitat.org/newsroom/2022/habitat-humanity-international-and-84-us-habitat-affiliates-receive-transformational. July 31, 2022. live.
  44. News: Franklin . Jonathan . 2022-03-23 . MacKenzie Scott makes a record $275 million donation to Planned Parenthood . en . NPR . 2022-03-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20220731052441/https://www.npr.org/2022/03/23/1088390733/mackenzie-scott-donation-planned-parenthood. July 31, 2022. live.
  45. Web site: Scott . MacKenzie . 2022-03-23 . Helping Any of Us Can Help Us All . 2022-03-24 . Medium . en. https://web.archive.org/web/20220731052620/https://mackenzie-scott.medium.com/helping-any-of-us-can-help-us-all-f4c7487818d9. July 31, 2022. live.
  46. Web site: 24 May 2022 . Big Brothers Big Sisters on Path to Transform Mentorship in America with $122.6 Million Donation from MacKenzie Scott. BBBS. 25 May 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220731052847/https://www.bbbs.org/2022/05/big-brothers-big-sisters-on-path-to-transform-mentorship-in-america-with-122-6-million-donation-from-mackenzie-scott/. July 31, 2022. live.
  47. Web site: MacKenzie Scott Is Expanding Her $12.4 Billion Giving Spree Globally. Bloomberg News. June 21, 2022 . Felipe. Marques. April 5, 2022. https://archive.today/20220405163258/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-05/billionaire-mackenzie-scott-expands-her-donations-to-brazil-india-and-kenya. April 5, 2022. live.
  48. Web site: Nicholas. Kulish. Rebecca R.. Ruiz. The Fortunes of MacKenzie Scott. April 10, 2022. The New York Times. https://web.archive.org/web/20220802135418/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/10/business/mackenzie-scott-charity.html. August 2, 2022. August 1, 2022. live.
  49. Web site: Megan. Sauer. Billionaire MacKenzie Scott just donated two Beverly Hills mansions worth $55 million to fund affordable housing in LA. September 13, 2022. CNBC. https://web.archive.org/web/20220915064539/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/09/13/mackenzie-scott-donates-beverly-hills-mansions-for-affordable-housing.html. September 15, 2022. September 15, 2022. live.
  50. Web site: Girl Scouts Receives $84.5 Million Donation from MacKenzie Scott. October 18, 2022. Girl Scout of the USA. https://web.archive.org/web/20221223013834/https://www.girlscouts.org/en/footer/press-room/2022-press-announcements/girl-scouts-receives-84-million-dollar-donation-from-mackenzie-scott.html. December 23, 2022. December 23, 2022. live.
  51. News: MacKenzie Scott donates $640 million, more than doubling her planned gifts to nonprofit applicants. March 21, 2024. Thalia. Beaty. The Associated Press. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321080845/https://apnews.com/article/mackenzie-scott-open-call-yield-giving-bezos-ae809a469080e9e61a945a14a230629e. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. live.
  52. News: MacKenzie Scott sets new 'open call' to donate $250 million. March 21, 2023. Glenn. Gamboa. The Washington Post. https://archive.today/20230322173329/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2023/03/21/mackenzie-scott-open-call-philanthropy/ae8cfeb8-c7f1-11ed-9cc5-a58a4f6d84cd_story.html. March 22, 2023. March 24, 2023. live.
  53. News: Billionaire philanthropist MacKenzie Scott sets off a frenzy for $1 million grants as over 6,000 applicants pour in for 250 slots. July 19, 2023. Thalia. Beaty. The Associated Press. Fortune. https://archive.today/20231222022509/https://fortune.com/2023/07/19/billionaire-philanthropist-mackenzie-scott-open-call-grants/amp/. December 22, 2023. December 22, 2023. live.
  54. News: MacKenzie Scott donates $640 million after open call for nonprofits. March 19, 2024. Ramishah. Maruf. CNN Business. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321082457/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/03/19/business/mackenzie-scott-donates-640-million-open-call/index.html. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. live.
  55. News: MacKenzie Scott donates $640m to US non-profits. March 21, 2024. Madeline. Halpert. BBC News. https://archive.today/20240321114553/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68609687. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. live.
  56. Web site: MacKenzie Scott Has Donated $2.2 Billion To Charity This Year. Phoebe. Liu. December 8, 2023. December 22, 2023. https://archive.today/20231211104026/https://www.forbes.com/sites/phoebeliu/2023/12/08/mackenzie-scott-has-donated-22-billion-to-charity-this-year/?sh=6a770485c143. December 11, 2023. live. Forbes.
  57. Web site: MacKenzie Scott donates $5 million to Hawaii Community Foundation for Maui wildfire recovery. Michelle . Broder van Dyke. December 7, 2023. January 16, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240116131039/https://spectrumlocalnews.com/hi/hawaii/news/2023/12/07/mackenzie-scott-donates-maui-wildfire. January 16, 2024. live. Spectrum News.
  58. Web site: Philanthropist MacKenzie Scott reveals the groups that got some of her $2.1 billion in gifts in 2023. Thalia . Beaty. December 7, 2023. January 16, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240116131759/https://apnews.com/article/mackenzie-scott-donations-962490e92faab36492b7481205ec7249. January 16, 2024. live. Associated Press.
  59. Web site: Amazon co-founder MacKenzie Scott doubles her charitable donations after Elon Musk's criticism. William . Gavin. March 20, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://archive.today/20240320180714/https://qz.com/mackenzie-scott-amazon-donate-philanthropy-musk-critici-1851351886. March 20, 2024. live. Quartz.
  60. Web site: Inside MacKenzie Scott's 'No Strings Attached' Philanthropy: 'I Was In Tears'. July 7, 2021. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/HYWtr. July 31, 2022. live. Forbes.
  61. Web site: Giving Billions Fast, MacKenzie Scott Upends Philanthropy. December 20, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20220731053301/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/20/business/mackenzie-scott-philanthropy.html. July 31, 2022. live. The New York Times.
  62. Web site: Scott. MacKenzie. June 16, 2021. Seeding by Ceding. November 15, 2021. Medium. https://web.archive.org/web/20220731053420/https://mackenzie-scott.medium.com/seeding-by-ceding-ea6de642bf. July 31, 2022. live.
  63. Web site: In 3 Years, MacKenzie Scott Has Donated $12 Billion. Emily. Burack. April 11, 2022. August 1, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220802135947/https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/money-and-power/a39690331/mackenzie-scott-philanthropy-news/. August 2, 2022. Town & Country. live.
  64. Web site: MacKenzie Scott reveals details of her $14bn in donations to 1,600 non-profits . The Guardian . 31 December 2022 . New York, NY . en . 15 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20231222023933/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/dec/15/mackenzie-scott-billionaire-donations-non-profits. December 22, 2023. live.
  65. Web site: Yield Giving's website . Yield Giving . 2 June 2023. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20231222024143/https://yieldgiving.com/. December 22, 2023. live.
  66. Book: The Testing of Luther Albright. Bezos. MacKenzie. Sutherland. Brian. 2013 . Brilliance Audio. 978-1480569157. Unabridged.
  67. Book: Bezos, MacKenzie . Traps. 2013. Alfred A. Knopf. 978-0-307-95973-7. New York. 804491168.
  68. Book: Bezos, MacKenzie . Traps. 2013. Vintage . 978-0307950291. New York. registration. September 7, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191217033407/https://archive.org/details/traps0000bezo_k0r2. December 17, 2019. live.

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