| Matrouh Governorate | |
| Settlement Type: | Governorate |
| Flag Size: | 120px |
| Image Blank Emblem: | Coat of arms of Matrouh Governorate.jpg |
| Blank Emblem Size: | 75px |
| Coordinates: | 29.66°N 27.51°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Seat: | Mersa Matruh (capital) |
| Leader Title: | Governor |
| Leader Name: | Magdy Mohamed Ali El-Gharably[1] |
| Area Total Km2: | 212,112 |
| Population Footnotes: | [2] |
| Population Total: | 538546 |
| Population As Of: | January 2023 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Demographics Type1: | GDP |
| Demographics1 Title1: | Total |
| Demographics1 Info1: | EGP 116 billion (US$ 7.4 billion) |
| Timezone1: | EET |
| Utc Offset1: | +2 |
| Blank Name Sec2: | HDI (2021) |
| Blank Info Sec2: | 0.738[3] · 10th |
| Website: | Matrouh |
Matrouh Governorate (Arabic: محافظة مطروح) is one of the governorates of Egypt. Located in the north-western part of the country, it borders Libya. Its capital is Mersa Matruh.
The governorate is divided into municipal divisions with a total estimated population as of January 2023 of 538,546.
| Arabic: قسم الضبعة | 61,363 | Kism (urban and rural parts) | |||
| Arabic: قسم العلمين | 12,398 | Kism (fully rural) | |||
| Arabic: قسم الحمام | 65,780 | Kism (urban and rural parts) | |||
| Arabic: قسم النجيله | 34,593 | Kism (urban and rural parts) | |||
| North Coast | Arabic: قسم الساحل الشمالى-جزء | 88 | Kism (fully urban) | ||
| Arabic: قسم السلوم | 20,479 | Kism (urban and rural parts) | |||
| Arabic: قسم مرسى مطروح | 241,625 | Kism (urban and rural parts) | |||
| Arabic: قسم سيدى برانى | 66,319 | Kism (urban and rural parts) | |||
| Arabic: قسم سيوة | 35,901 | Kism (urban and rural parts) |
The interior of the Matrouh Governorate is part of Egypt's Western Desert, including the Siwa Oasis, in antiquity known for its shrine to Amun. In the center of the Governorate is the Qattara Depression, descending to 133 metres below sea level.
Marsa Matrouh is the ancient Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Παραιτόνιον Paraitónion, Latin Paraetonium. It was the westernmost city of the Ptolemaic Kingdom in the Hellenistic period. The city of Apis, some 18 km to the west of Paraetonium, marked the boundary to Libycus nome, and the Halfaya Pass (at Sallum) marked the boundary to Marmarica proper.
Matrouh Governorate contains many historical sites related to World War II. The latter include el Alamein, which comprises cemeteries of fallen soldiers from Axis and Allied forces. An estimated 16 million mines,[4] planted by the Europeans during the world wars and called "devil's gardens", still hinder the development of most of the governorate, and are constantly being removed.
According to population estimates, in 2015 the majority of residents in the governorate lived in urban areas, with an urbanization rate of 70.6%. Out of an estimated 447,846 people residing in the governorate, 316,005 people lived in urban areas as opposed to only 131,841 in rural areas.[5]
The Matrouh or Matruh (Arabic مطروح /muh-troo/ "Maṭrūḥ.") Roots can be traced back to ancient Egypt.
According to the Egyptian Governing Authority for Investment and Free Zones (GAFI), in affiliation with the Ministry of Investment (MOI), the following industrial zones are located in this governorate:[6]