Myosin-IIIa explained

Myosin-IIIa is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYO3A gene.^{[1] [2]}

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the myosin superfamily. Myosins are actin-dependent motor proteins and are categorized into conventional myosins (class II) and unconventional myosins (classes I and III through XV) based on their variable C-terminal cargo-binding domains. Class III myosins, such as this one, have a kinase domain N-terminal to the conserved N-terminal motor domains and are expressed in photoreceptors. The protein encoded by this gene plays an important role in hearing in humans. Three different recessive, loss of function mutations in the encoded protein have been shown to cause nonsyndromic progressive hearing loss. Expression of this gene is highly restricted, with the strongest expression in retina and cochlea.

Further reading

• Walsh T, Walsh V, Vreugde S, etal . From flies' eyes to our ears: mutations in a human class III myosin cause progressive nonsyndromic hearing loss DFNB30. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 11 . 7518–23 . 2002 . 12032315 . 10.1073/pnas.102091699 . 124268 . 2002PNAS...99.7518W . free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Komaba S, Inoue A, Maruta S, etal . Determination of human myosin III as a motor protein having a protein kinase activity. . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 24 . 21352–60 . 2003 . 12672820 . 10.1074/jbc.M300757200 . free .
• Deloukas P, Earthrowl ME, Grafham DV, etal . The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10. . Nature . 429 . 6990 . 375–81 . 2004 . 15164054 . 10.1038/nature02462 . 2004Natur.429..375D . free .
• Fu GK, Wang JT, Yang J, etal . Circular rapid amplification of cDNA ends for high-throughput extension cloning of partial genes. . Genomics . 84 . 1 . 205–10 . 2005 . 15203218 . 10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.01.011 .
• Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, etal . Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 101 . 33 . 12130–5 . 2004 . 15302935 . 10.1073/pnas.0404720101 . 514446 . 2004PNAS..10112130B . free .
• Barrios-Rodiles M, Brown KR, Ozdamar B, etal . High-throughput mapping of a dynamic signaling network in mammalian cells. . Science . 307 . 5715 . 1621–5 . 2005 . 15761153 . 10.1126/science.1105776 . 2005Sci...307.1621B . 39457788 .
• Kambara T, Komaba S, Ikebe M . Human myosin III is a motor having an extremely high affinity for actin. . J. Biol. Chem. . 281 . 49 . 37291–301 . 2007 . 17012748 . 10.1074/jbc.M603823200 . free .
• Schneider ME, Dosé AC, Salles FT, etal . A new compartment at stereocilia tips defined by spatial and temporal patterns of myosin IIIa expression. . J. Neurosci. . 26 . 40 . 10243–52 . 2006 . 17021180 . 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2812-06.2006 . 6674622 . free .
• Dosé AC, Ananthanarayanan S, Moore JE, etal . Kinetic mechanism of human myosin IIIA. . J. Biol. Chem. . 282 . 1 . 216–31 . 2007 . 17074769 . 10.1074/jbc.M605964200 . free .

• Cirilo JA Jr, Gunther LK, Yengo CM . Functional Role of Class III Myosins in Hair Cells. . Front. Cell Dev. Biol. . 9 . 643856 . 2021 . 33718386 . 10.3389/fcell.2021.643856 . 7947357 . free .

Notes and References

1. Dose AC, Burnside B . Cloning and chromosomal localization of a human class III myosin . Genomics . 67 . 3 . 333–42 . Sep 2000 . 10936054 . 10.1006/geno.2000.6256 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: MYO3A myosin IIIA.