Motocross des Nations explained


Ricky Carmichael individual and overall winner in 2005.
Monster Energy FIM Motocross of Nations
Local nameMonster Energy Motocross of Nations
HomepageHomepage
Locationvarious
Frequencyannual
DateSeptember/October
TypeMXGP/MX2/Open
History
First edition1947
Number of editions70
First winnerGreat Britain
Latest winnerFrance (2023)
valign=topMost winsUnited States (23 wins)
The Motocross des Nations (in French) is an annual team motocross race, where riders representing their country meet at what is billed as the "Olympics of Motocross". The event has been staged since 1947, where the team of Bill Nicholson, Fred Rist and Bob Ray, representing Great Britain, took home the Chamberlain Trophy for the first time.[1] [2]

The event as it stands today is an amalgamation of three separate events, the original Motocross des Nations, raced with 500cc motorcycles, the Trophée des Nations, raced with 250cc motorcycles, and the Coupe des Nations, for 125cc motorcycles. Before 1984, the three events were held in different locations on different weekends, whereafter they were combined into a single event with one rider per class.

The scoring for the event works on the position system, i.e. first place is awarded one point, second place two, etc. Each class (currently MXGP, MX2 and Open) races twice, each time against one of other two classes, for a total of three races. The worst score of three races is dropped, and the lowest combined score wins.

The event's name has been officially anglicised (as Motocross of Nations "MXON") since 2004, when Youthstream was awarded promotional rights for the World Motocross Grand Prix, although the general moniker Des Nations or MXDN is still very much in use. Races are streamed live on the MXGP website.

Historically Great Britain dominated the early years. With the rise of motocross in North America from the 1970s, the USA embarked on a famous winning streak, lasting 13 years from 1981 to 1993.

Motocross des Nations winners

YearLocationWinning teamWinning riders
2023 Ernée FranceRomain Febvre / Tom Vialle / Maxime Renaux
2022 Red Bud[3] USAEli Tomac / Justin Cooper / Chase Sexton
2021 Mantua ItalyAntonio Cairoli / Mattia Guadagnini / Alessandro Lupino
2020 ErnéeCancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[4]
2019 Assen NetherlandsJeffrey Herlings / Calvin Vlaanderen / Glenn Coldenhoff
2018 Red Bud FranceGautier Paulin / Dylan Ferrandis / Jordi Tixier
2017 Matterley Basin FranceGautier Paulin / Christophe Charlier / Romain Febvre
2016 Maggiora FranceGautier Paulin / Benoît Paturel / Romain Febvre
2015 Ernée FranceGautier Paulin / Marvin Musquin / Romain Febvre
2014 Ķegums FranceGautier Paulin / Dylan Ferrandis / Steven Frossard
2013 Teutschenthal BelgiumKen De Dycker / Jeremy Van Horebeek / Clément Desalle
2012 Lommel GermanyMaximilian Nagl / Ken Roczen / Marcus Schiffer
2011 Saint-Jean-d'Angély USARyan Dungey / Blake Baggett / Ryan Villopoto
2010 Lakewood USARyan Dungey / Trey Canard / Andrew Short
2009 Franciacorta USARyan Dungey / Jake Weimer / Ivan Tedesco
2008 Donington Park USAJames Stewart Jr. / Ryan Villopoto / Tim Ferry
2007 Budds Creek USARicky Carmichael / Ryan Villopoto / Tim Ferry
2006 Matterley Basin USAJames Stewart Jr. / Ryan Villopoto / Ivan Tedesco
2005 Ernée USARicky Carmichael / Kevin Windham / Ivan Tedesco
2004 Lierop BelgiumStefan Everts / Steve Ramon / Kevin Strijbos
2003 Zolder BelgiumStefan Everts / Steve Ramon / Joël Smets
2002 Bellpuig ItalyAndrea Bartolini / Alessio Chiodi / Alessandro Puzar
2001 Namur FranceYves Demaria / Luigi Seguy / David Vuillemin
2000 Saint-Jean-d'Angély USARicky Carmichael / Ryan Hughes / Travis Pastrana
1999 Indaiatuba ItalyAndrea Bartolini / Alessio Chiodi/ Claudio Federici
1998 Foxhills BelgiumMarnicq Bervoets / Patrick Caps / Stefan Everts
1997 Nismes BelgiumMarnicq Bervoets / Stefan Everts / Joël Smets
1996 Jerez de la Frontera USAJeff Emig / Steve Lamson / Jeremy McGrath
1995 Sverepec BelgiumMarnicq Bervoets / Stefan Everts / Joël Smets
1994 Roggenburg Great BritainRob Herring / Paul Malin / Kurt Nicoll
1993 Schwanenstadt USAJeff Emig / Mike Kiedrowski / Jeremy McGrath
1992 Manjimup USAJeff Emig / Mike LaRocco / Billy Liles
1991 Valkenswaard USADamon Bradshaw / Mike Kiedrowski / Jeff Stanton
1990 Vimmerby USADamon Bradshaw / Jeff Stanton / Jeff Ward
1989 Gaildorf USAMike Kiedrowski / Jeff Stanton / Jeff Ward
1988 Villars-sous-Écot[5] USARick Johnson / Ron Lechien / Jeff Ward
1987 Unadilla USABob Hannah / Rick Johnson / Jeff Ward
1986 Maggiora USADavid Bailey / Rick Johnson / Johnny O'Mara
1985 Gaildorf USADavid Bailey / Ron Lechien / Jeff Ward
1984 Vantaa USADavid Bailey / Rick Johnson / Johnny O'Mara / Jeff Ward
1983 Angreau USADavid Bailey / Mark Barnett / Broc Glover / Jeff Ward
1982 Wohlen USADavid Bailey / Danny Chandler / Jim Gibson / Johnny O'Mara
1981 Bielstein USADonnie Hansen / Danny LaPorte / Johnny O'Mara / Chuck Sun
1980 Farleigh Castle BelgiumGeorges Jobé / André Malherbe / Ivan Van Den Broek / André Vromans
1979 Stockholm BelgiumRoger De Coster / Harry Everts / André Malherbe / Ivan Van Den Broek
1978 Gaildorf USSRKavinov / Khudiakov / Korneev / Guennady Moisseev
1977 Cognac BelgiumRoger De Coster / André Malherbe / Jean-Paul Mingles / Jaak van Velthoven
1976 Sint Anthonis BelgiumRoger De Coster / Harry Everts / Gaston Rahier / Jaak van Velthoven
1975 Sedlčany CzechoslovakiaBavorovský / Churavý / Naváček / Velký
1974 Stockholm SwedenBengt Aberg / Hakan Andersson / Ake Jonsson / Arne Kring
1973 Wohlen BelgiumRoger De Coster / Sylvain Geboers / René Heeren / Jaak van Velthoven
1972 Norg BelgiumRoger De Coster / Rene Van de Vorst / Jaak van Velthoven
1971 Vannes SwedenBengt Aberg / Christer Hammargren / Ake Jonsson / Olle Petersson
1970 Maggiora SwedenBengt Aberg / Christer Hammargren / Ake Jonsson / Arne Kring
1969 Farleigh Castle BelgiumRoger De Coster / Sylvain Geboers / Joël Robert / Jef Teeuwissen
1968 Chișinău USSRArnis Angers/ Evgeni Petushkov / Vladimir Pogrebniak / Leonid Shinkarenko
1967 Markelo Great BritainDave Bickers / Vic Eastwood/ Jeff Smith
1966 Rémalard Great BritainDave Bickers / Vic Eastwood / Derek Rickman
1965 Namur Great BritainArthur Lampkin / Vic Eastwood / Jeff Smith
1964 Hawkstone Park Great BritainDon Rickman / Derek Rickman / Jeff Smith
1963 Knutstorp Great BritainJohn Burton / Don Rickman / Derek Rickman / Arthur Lampkin / Jeff Smith
1962 Wohlen SwedenJan Johansson / Ove Lundell / Rolf Tibblin
1961 Schijndel SwedenOve Lundell / Bill Nilsson / Rolf Tibblin
1960 Cassel Great BritainCurtis / Rickman / Jeff Smith
1959 Namur Great BritainJohn Draper / Rickman / Jeff Smith
1958 Knutstorp SwedenLars Gustavsson / Ove Lundell / Bill Nilsson
1957 Brands Hatch Great BritainCurtis / Martin / Jeff Smith
1956 Namur Great BritainJohn Draper / Jeff Smith/ Geoff Ward
1955 Randers SwedenLars Gustavsson / Sten Lundin / Bill Nilsson
1954 Norg Great BritainCurtis / Brian Stonebridge / Geoff Ward
1953 Värnamo-Skillingaryd Great BritainLes Archer Jr. / John Draper / Geoff Ward
1952 Brands Hatch Great BritainLes Archer Jr. / Brian Stonebridge / Geoff Ward
1951 Namur BelgiumJansen / Leloup / Meunier
1950 Värnamo-Skillingaryd Great BritainJohn Draper / Basil Hall / Harold Lines
1949 Brands Hatch Great BritainHarold Lines / Bob Manns / Ian Soovell
1948 Spa BelgiumCox / Jansen / Milhoux
1947 Wassenaar Great BritainBill Nicholson / Bob Ray / Fred Rist

Participating nations 2000–2023

width=150Team
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2021
2022
2023
Argentina30th22nd
Australia7th6th14th13th16th11th20th6th7th 6th3rd10th 4th14th7th8th6th4th15th3rdbgcolor=silver2nd
Austria13th22nd23rd21st23rd 12th20th24th12th10th 15th12th17th9th
Belarus27th
Belgium3rdbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1st3rdbgcolor=silver2nd3rd3rd3rdbgcolor=silver2nd5thbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=silver2nd3rd4th4th6thbgcolor=silver2nd6th5th5th
Brazil23rd23rd16th14th14th 18th27th32nd31st27th27th 24th23rd16th24th25th17th
Bulgaria18th
Canada28th26th8th17th18th10th13th27th16th23rd17th10th13th10th14th15th25th
Chile18th16th26th
China30th35th
Costa Rica26th24th
Croatia17th24th28th25th29th29th 30th34th32nd30th31st27th30th 26th30th
Cyprus29th36th 33rd
Czech Republic9th12th8th10th16th18th16th17th25th21st14th21st15th25th22nd16th22nd15th26th 17th15th
Denmark15th19th12th12th21st20th23rd20th15th 18th18th14th15th15th14th11th10th10th
30th
Ecuador22nd21st31st
Estonia24th11th7th8th4th6th9th11th12th8th 15th10th7th10th9th4th9th8th9th 4th7th19th11th
FIM Europe27th
FIM Latin America30th24th
Finland8th10th3rd3rd6th11th10th11th18th14th17th20th18th16th28th29th31st12th14th18th
France18thbgcolor=gold1st6th9th3rdbgcolor=silver2nd5thbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=silver2nd7thbgcolor=silver2nd6th5thbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1st1stbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1st 5th5th2ndbgcolor=gold1st
Germany10th5th16th19th11th14th13th9th10th4th3rd7thbgcolor=gold1st7th5th9th22nd20th9th7th 11th8th4th
Great Britain4th4th6th9th5th6th5th4th5th4th4th8th6th4th18th7th3rd3rd3rd3rd10th10th
Greece30th28th27th25th32nd 33rd31st36th31st32nd35th34th31st30th37th
Guam17th28th
Guatemala27th25th23rd26th27th
Honduras29th
Hungary27th29th27th26th31st 28th28th26th27th33rd
Iceland29th30th30th30th32nd30th37th36th29th24th 27th29th28th31st
Ireland11th14th9th7th14th22nd31st13th21st16th20th19th13th22nd19th17th20th15th13th18th22nd23rd27th
Israel40th34th36th38th38th29th33rd
Italybgcolor=silver2nd17thbgcolor=gold1st17th15th13th4th4th5th6th5th16th5th3rd6th14th5th7thDQ16thbgcolor=gold1st4th3rd
Japan6th5th17th12th12th7th17th19th13th26th24th22nd20th18th21st29th24th
Kuwait36th
Latvia16th18th13th18th23rd26th24th15th16th17th17th22nd14th16th12th19th32nd25th8th 15th11th12th
Lithuania30th31st26th28th35th28th31st22nd26th24th25th19th35th28th13th22nd23rd
Luxembourg26th38th33rd34th37th37th34th35th
Mexico27th27th25th 26th29th
Mongolia32nd33rd
Morocco17th35th31st32nd34th
Netherlands32nd15th20thbgcolor=silver2nd7th22nd18th19th9th4th11th10th6th2ndbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=silver2nd7th19th
New Zealand19th3rd4th7th4th3rd8th11th8th29th15th20th23rd8th17th21st17th19th21st14th
Norway25th22nd15th20th20th27th25th26th17th19th23rd24th12th13th16th
Philippines29th28th34th
Poland25th28th24th30th32nd21st21st33rd
Portugal14th8th14th23rd10th8th14th19th24th13th9th11th9th17th13th16th21st16th20th22nd 27th21st
Puerto Rico28th19th26th10th24th23rd21st18th33rd26th17th18th32nd32nd
Romania32nd
Russia29th21st21st18th24th25th22nd22nd15th11th8th8th12th11th14th25th 4th
San Marino34th
Slovakia25th25th15th29th24th35th29th26th28th19th25th22nd
Slovenia21st13th11th16th24th21st28th26th28th23rd16th27th20th21st23rd12th13th 24th9th
South Africa5th9th11th5th9th7th12th15th9th6th27th25th26th23rd20th 20th18th13th
Spain12th16th4th24th12th10th8th6th7th12th13th8th25th13th21st11th12th18th7th9th 16th6th7th
Sweden20th7th5th13th19th19th19th14th23rd20th22nd21st12th30th11th13th13th10th11th14th 19th12th20th
Switzerland22nd20th10th22nd15th18th8th9th10th11th12th19th9th7th5th6th5th19th11th 8th9th6th
Thailand34th 34th33rd39th36th
United States1st2nd1st1st1st1st1st1st1st3rd2nd3rd2nd3rd9th5th 6th1st8th
Ukraine31st28th21st25th28th29th30th31st33rd28th26th23rd28th36th
Venezuela26th27th15th24th31st23rd25th29th33rd29th14th23rd20th
Total32 31 17 28 27 29 31 30 32 36 30 36 33 40 34 36 38 3830 34 31 34 37

Participating nations pre-2000

width=150Team
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Andorra23rd
Argentina16th
Australia20th7th16th4th7th7th10th6th13th17th14th19th11th16th8th
Austria11th23rd12th12th13th13th9th8th9th12th17th18th29th
Belarus29th31st
Belgium8th22nd3rd10th9thbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=silver2nd4thbgcolor=gold1st3rdbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1st3rd
Brazil27th31st14th
Canada10th16th12th13th17th
Chile18th
Croatia21st22nd24th23rd22nd28th12th
Czechoslovakia6th10th14th11th16th14th
Czech Republic11th15th10th10th13th8th
Denmark12th12th8th16th16th9th9th8th9th11th13th16th9th13th
East Germany21st
Estonia16th21st18th13th25th10th17th
Finland7th4th9th3rd22nd10th6th15th14th9th9th19thbgcolor=silver2nd11th
France9th8th5thbgcolor=silver2nd6th12th23rd4th25th3rd3rdbgcolor=silver2nd5th12thbgcolor=silver2nd
Germany3rd9th4th8th5th8th7th15th6th5th8th4th6th6th9th
Great Britain5thbgcolor=silver2nd10th9th3rd6th5th3rd4thbgcolor=gold1st4th14th3rd7th5th
Greece17th18th20th21st28th30th
Hong Kong21st
Hungary24th19th23rd26th25th28th23rd
Ireland15th15th18th17th17th17th12th26th13th21st11th14th24th
Italy4th3rd6th7thbgcolor=silver2nd4th8th23rd20th19th8thbgcolor=silver2nd11thbgcolor=gold1st
Japan15th14th20th17th10th
Latvia11th17th25th30th21st21st22nd
Lithuania29th30th28th22nd30th
Luxembourg24th19th4th11th22nd22nd31st29th31st27th
Netherlandsbgcolor=silver2nd5thbgcolor=silver2nd5th10th5th3rd7th24th6th5th5th10th4th6th
New Zealand17th17th20th10th5th16th7th6th7th3rd
Norway21st18th14th11th10th12th22nd26th25th
Poland18th19th22nd21st22nd
Portugal19th20th21st26th17th24th24th21st13th
Russia18th27th25th32nd26th
San Marino11th11th13th
Slovakia24th15th23rd18th15th
Slovenia27th18th23rd12th12th9th20th
/ South Africa12th16th7th8th16th16th19th
Soviet Union18th19th
Spain14th14th11th14th19th15th14th10th11th15th15th15th7th
Sweden14th6th7th6th8th3rd4th5th3rd7th6th7th4th20th
Switzerland13th13th13th15th15th16th18th13th12th19th20th18th20th14th
Ukraine20th28th27th29th
United Statesbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=gold1st8th5th4th
Uruguay19th
Yugoslavia16th15th20th19th20th
Total21 24 17 23 22 22 24 16 29 31 31 25 32 31 20

Participating nations: 500cc-only era

width=150Team
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
Austria8th10th5th
Belgium7th4th3rd6th3rd3rdbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=silver2nd3rdbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1st10thbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1st3rdbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1st3rdbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=silver2nd
/ Canada7th11th
Czechoslovakia4th3rd3rd4thbgcolor=gold1st12th7th
Denmark5th6th6th4th8th6th6th5th7th7th7th10th11th6th10th7th11th8th9th11th7th12th12th11th9th10th
East Germany9th5thbgcolor=silver2nd
Finland8th5th5th12th7th12th4th7th10th14th8th9th9th14th5th
France3rd3rd4th3rd6th4th5th4th5th9th3rd5th9th8th8th8th6th14th9th6th8th11th7th8th7th6th11th
Germany8th11th12th3rd7thbgcolor=silver2nd3rd3rd4th9th5th7th
Great Britainbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1st3rd4th4th5th5th4th3rd6th3rd5thbgcolor=silver2nd4thbgcolor=silver2nd3rd3rd4th
Ireland8th12th11th11th12th12th
Italy6th8th7th5th10th6th9th11th12th7th13th5th10th6th14th4th7th8th
Luxembourg10th15th10th4th6th
Netherlands4th5th5th7th7th3rd6th6th4th6th5th6th3rd6th5th6thbgcolor=silver2nd8th9th5thbgcolor=silver2nd7th6th8th9th
New Zealand13th
Norway9th11th9th8th11th12th9th13th
4th
Swedenbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=silver2nd8th7th3rdbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=silver2ndbgcolor=gold1st13th14th4th6th6th5th5th8th3rd
Switzerland7th9th5th4th7th4th3rd8th10th6th9th8th7th10th9th8th10th10th11th13th10th14th13th13th10th12th
United States10th7th4thbgcolor=silver2nd9th5thbgcolor=silver2nd4thbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1stbgcolor=gold1st
USSR5th4th6thbgcolor=gold1st7th12th3rd3rd5th4thbgcolor=gold1st4th6th
Total7 8 9 7 8 7 8 7 10 10 6 9 10 12 12 12 12 14 14 12 14 11 14 15 14 12 13

Trophée des Nations winners

[6] [7]

YearLocationTeamRiders
1961Avigliana, Italy Great BritainJeff Smith / Dave Bickers / Arthur Lampkin
1962Ipswich, Great Britain Great BritainJeff Smith / Dave Bickers / Arthur Lampkin
1963Loppem, Belgium SwedenTorsten Hallman / Lars Forsberg / Cenneth Lööf
1964Markelo, Netherlands SwedenTorsten Hallman / Åke Jonsson / Olle Petersson
1965Cancelled due to bad riding conditions[8]
1966Brands Hatch, Great Britain SwedenTorsten Hallman / Åke Tornblom / Olle Petersson
1967Holice, Czechoslovakia SwedenTorsten Hallman / Åke Jonsson / Olle Petersson
1968Payerne, Switzerland SwedenBengt Åberg / Christer Hammargren / Bengt-Arne Bonn
1969Kester, Belgium BelgiumRoger De Coster / Joël Robert / Sylvain Geboers
1970Knutstorp, Sweden BelgiumRoger De Coster / Joël Robert / Sylvain Geboers
1971Holice, Czechoslovakia BelgiumRoger De Coster / Sylvain Geboers / Jaak van Velthoven
1972Genk, Belgium BelgiumRoger De Coster / Joël Robert / Jaak van Velthoven / Marcel Wiertz
1973Donington Park, Great Britain BelgiumRoger De Coster / Sylvain Geboers / Jaak van Velthoven / Jean-Claude Laquaye
1974Vesoul, France BelgiumRoger De Coster / Gaston Rahier / Jaak van Velthoven / Harry Everts
1975Maggiora, Italy BelgiumRoger De Coster / Gaston Rahier / Jaak van Velthoven / Harry Everts
1976Wohlen, Switzerland BelgiumRoger De Coster / Gaston Rahier / Jaak van Velthoven / Harry Everts
1977Markelo, Netherlands BelgiumRoger De Coster / André Malherbe / Jaak van Velthoven / Harry Everts
1978Kester, Belgium BelgiumRoger De Coster / Gaston Rahier / Jaak van Velthoven / Harry Everts
1979Stockholm, Sweden Soviet UnionGuennady Moisseev / Vladimir Kavinov / Vladimir Korneev / Yuri Khudiakov
1980Maggiora, Italy BelgiumAndré Malherbe / Harry Everts / Georges Jobé / André Vromans
1981Lommel, Belgium United StatesChuck Sun / Danny LaPorte / Johnny O’Mara / Donnie Hansen
1982Gaildorf, Germany United StatesDavid Bailey / Johnny O’Mara / Danny Chandler / Jim Gibson
1983Považská Bystrica, Czechoslovakia United StatesDavid Bailey / Mark Barnett / Broc Glover / Jeff Ward
1984Varberg, Sweden United StatesBroc Glover / Johnny O’Mara / Ricky Johnson / Jeff Ward

External links

See main article: world cups.

See main article: world championships.

Notes and References

  1. Web site: History of Individual Motocross World Championships . fim-live.com . 11 October 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110923231832/http://www.fim-live.com/en/sport/vintage/vintage-news-detail/article/1275383389-history-of-individual-motocross-world-championships/ . 23 September 2011 .
  2. Web site: Motocross goes International 1947 through 1965 . 17 September 2019 . pigtailpals.com . 18 October 2019.
  3. Web site: RedBud to host the 75th Edition of the Monster Energy FIM Motocross of Nations in 2022.
  4. Web site: 2020 FIM Motocross World Championship Calendar Update & 2020 Monster Energy FIM Motocross of Nations cancelled . MXGP . 10 October 2020.
  5. Web site: MX OF NATIONS: Motocross des Nations 1988.
  6. Web site: Trophée des Nations winners . marcin-rutkowski.com . 10 August 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063218/http://www.marcin-rutkowski.com/statystyki/Trophee%20des%20Nations.pdf . 4 March 2016 . live .
  7. Web site: Trophée des Nations results . memotocross.fr . 6 February 2016 .
  8. Web site: Vintage History – 1960s . mxbikes.com . 10 August 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120929014220/http://www.mxbikes.com/vintage/bikes60.php . 29 September 2012 .

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