MXD4 explained

Max-interacting transcriptional repressor MAD4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MXD4 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

This gene is a member of the MAD gene family . The MAD genes encode basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper proteins that heterodimerize with MAX protein, forming a transcriptional repression complex. The MAD proteins compete for MAX binding with MYC, which heterodimerizes with MAX forming a transcriptional activation complex. Studies in rodents suggest that the MAD genes are tumor suppressors and contribute to the regulation of cell growth in differentiating tissues.^[3]

Further reading

• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M . Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network . Nature . 437 . 7062 . 1173–8 . October 2005 . 16189514 . 10.1038/nature04209 . 2005Natur.437.1173R . 4427026 .
• Marcotte R, Chen JM, Huard S, Wang E . c-Myc creates an activation loop by transcriptionally repressing its own functional inhibitor, hMad4, in young fibroblasts, a loop lost in replicatively senescent fibroblasts . Journal of Cellular Biochemistry . 96 . 5 . 1071–85 . December 2005 . 16167342 . 10.1002/jcb.20503 . 8251961 .
• Pope SN, Lee IR . Yeast two-hybrid identification of prostatic proteins interacting with human sex hormone-binding globulin . The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology . 94 . 1–3 . 203–8 . February 2005 . 15862967 . 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.01.007 . 9746088 .
• Jiang DJ, Yu HX, Hexige SY, Guo ZK, Wang X, Ma LJ, Chen Z, Zhao SY, Yu L . Human liver specific transcriptional factor TCP10L binds to MAD4 . Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology . 37 . 4 . 402–7 . July 2004 . 15469726 . 10.5483/bmbrep.2004.37.4.402 . free .
• Kime L, Wright SC . Mad4 is regulated by a transcriptional repressor complex that contains Miz-1 and c-Myc . The Biochemical Journal . 370 . Pt 1 . 291–8 . February 2003 . 12418961 . 1223147 . 10.1042/BJ20021679 .
• Cairo S, Merla G, Urbinati F, Ballabio A, Reymond A . WBSCR14, a gene mapping to the Williams--Beuren syndrome deleted region, is a new member of the Mlx transcription factor network . Human Molecular Genetics . 10 . 6 . 617–27 . March 2001 . 11230181 . 10.1093/hmg/10.6.617 . free .
• Billin AN, Eilers AL, Queva C, Ayer DE . Mlx, a novel Max-like BHLHZip protein that interacts with the Max network of transcription factors . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 274 . 51 . 36344–50 . December 1999 . 10593926 . 10.1074/jbc.274.51.36344 . free .

Notes and References

1. Hurlin PJ, Quéva C, Koskinen PJ, Steingrímsson E, Ayer DE, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Eisenman RN . Mad3 and Mad4: novel Max-interacting transcriptional repressors that suppress c-myc dependent transformation and are expressed during neural and epidermal differentiation . The EMBO Journal . 14 . 22 . 5646–59 . November 1995 . 8521822 . 394680 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00252.x.
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: MXD4 MAX dimerization protein 4.
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: MXD4 MAX dimerization protein 4.