IWI Tavor explained

IWI Tavor TAR-21
Type:Bullpup assault rifle
Service:2001–present
Wars:South Thailand insurgency
Gaza–Israel conflict
Gaza War (2008–2009)
Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir
2014 Israel–Gaza conflict
Second Nagorno-Karabakh war
Colombian conflict
Russo-Ukrainian War
Russian invasion of Ukraine
Israel–Hamas war
Designer:Israel Military Industries
Length:7201NaN1
Action:Long-stroke gas-operated, closed rotating bolt
Origin:Israel
Is Ranged:Yes
Used By:See Users
Design Date:1995–2003
Manufacturer:Israel Weapon Industries
Also produced under IWI license by:
Variants:See Variants
Weight:3.272NaN2[2]
Part Length:457mm (Tavor TAR)
Cartridge:5.56×45mm NATO
Velocity:910m/s
Range:550 m
Rate:750–950 rounds/min
Feed:30-round detachable box STANAG magazine (5.56×45mm NATO)
Sights:Backup iron sights and integrated Picatinny rails are provided for the Meprolight MP 21, ITL MARS with integrated laser and IR pointer, Trijicon ACOG, EOTech holographic sight and other optical sights

The IWI Tavor, previously designated as the Tavor TAR-21 (Tavor Assault Rifle – 21st century),[3] is an Israeli bullpup assault rifle chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO, designed and produced by Israel Weapon Industries (IWI). It is part of the Tavor family of rifles, which have spawned many derivatives of the original design.

The Tavor TAR-21 can also be mounted with the M203 grenade launcher, designated as the GTAR-21. A compact variant with a 380mm barrel is also available, designated as the CTAR-21. A designated marksman rifle variant with a folding under-barrel bipod and Trijicon ACOG 4× magnification sight was also made but later phased out in favour for the Tavor TAR Flattop.

Built around a long-stroke piston system (as found in the M1 Garand and AK-47), the Tavor is designed to maximise reliability, durability, simplicity of design, and ease of maintenance, particularly under adverse battlefield conditions.[4]

In 2009, the Tavor X95 (also known as the Micro Tavor or MTAR) was selected by the Israel Defense Forces to gradually replace the M16 assault rifle and M4 carbine variants as the standard-issued weapon of the Israeli infantry by the end of 2018. The first X95 bullpup rifles were issued to infantry units in 2013. A report published on the IDF's website revealed the IDF plans to continue acquiring the Micro Tavor and equipping combat units with it.

History

Israel Military Industries (the small arms branch of IMI was privatized into Israel Weapon Industries) initiated the Tavor development team in 1995, under the direction of gun designer Zalmen Shebs.[5]

The objective of the project was to create an assault rifle that was more reliable, durable, and easier to maintain than the M4A1 carbine, while also being better suited to close-quarters combat and mechanized infantry roles. As a result, they hoped that the weapon would be officially adopted by the Israel Defense Forces.

Due to the military's close-quarters and mechanized infantry requirements, the project team selected a bullpup design that would allow the weapon to be compact while keeping a long barrel able to achieve ballistically favourable high muzzle velocities. A long-stroke piston system, similar to that found in the AK-47 and M1 Garand, was selected to ensure the weapon's reliability under adverse conditions.[6]

Trials and service

The Tavor prevailed over the M4A1 in a series of trials conducted during 2001 and 2002 by the Israel Defense Force. Qualities tested included Mean Rounds Between Failures (MRBF), reliability, ergonomics during long marches, and ease-of-maintenance.

As part of initial testing by Israel Defense Forces' infantry units, the TAR-21 was distributed to members of the training company of the Tzabar Battalion from the Givati Brigade who were drafted in August 2001. They received their rifles in November 2001 during basic training. Initial testing results were favourable – the TAR-21 was found to be significantly more accurate and reliable (as well as more comfortable) than the M4 during extensive field testing.[7]

Issues with fine sand entering the Tavor TAR's chamber, which were identified over the two years of testing, were rectified by numerous small adjustments. A number of other improvements and changes to the design were also made between 2001 and 2009.

The Tavor CTAR-21 saw combat service in Operation Cast Lead, used by Givati Brigade and Golani Brigade, and the soldiers reported the Tavor bullpup assault rifles functioned flawlessly.[8]

In November 2009, the IDF announced that the Tavor X95 would become the standard infantry weapon of the IDF, with the addition of an integrated grenade launcher.[9] A gradual changeover has begun in 2006 and expected completion among front line troops was to be by the end of 2018.[10]

In December 2012, the IDF announced that they would begin equipping and training their new reserve forces with the Tavor TAR-21.[11]

The first Tavor X95s were issued to new recruits of a main IDF infantry brigade in 2013, replacing the M16.[12] In 2014 the IDF announced that in the future (from as early as the end of 2014) some infantry units could start to be issued some numbers of an improved X95, which will have a longer 38cm (15inches) barrel (instead of the original 33 cm barrel) and a lighter trigger pull.[13]

On 8 September, the IsraelDefense website reported that the IDF plans to continue acquiring the Micro Tavor, quoting from a report posted on the IDF's Hebrew website on 7 September regarding a multi-year plan. The rifle is to be distributed to combat troops of relevant units in upcoming rounds of recruitment. The weapons division of the Ground Forces Command was quoted as saying that it's "very satisfied by its capabilities... the rifle performs very well and has proven itself."[14]

Design details

The Tavor is a bullpup assault rifle, capable of both semi-automatic fire and fully automatic fire. Due to its bullpup design the receiver, bolt carrier group, and magazine are placed behind the pistol grip. This shortens the firearm's overall length without sacrificing barrel length. As a result, the Tavor provides carbine overall length, yet can achieve rifle muzzle velocities if equipped with a rifle-length barrel.

Long-stroke piston system

The Tavor uses a non-lubricated long-stroke piston system, as found in the M1 Garand, IMI Galil, and the AK-47. Like in the AK-47, the long-stroke piston mechanism contributes to the extreme forcefulness of the TAR-21's extraction and chambering. The Tavor's attachment of the piston to a heavy bolt carrier, and the extension of the mainspring into the hollow stem of the bolt carrier, bears a familiar resemblance to the internal mechanism of the AK-47.

Ambidexterity and modularity

The Tavor has ejection ports on both sides of the rifle so it can easily be reconfigured for right or left-handed shooters. However, this process requires partial disassembly, so it cannot be quickly reconfigured while the rifle is in use.[15] An issue related to this is the original plastic cover on the unused ejection can allow gas to escape during the course of fire. Due to the bullpup design, this vents right under the shooter's face, causing issues such as inhaling ejection gases and the fouling of glasses and face with ejection debris. The issue is exacerbated when the weapon is suppressed. This has been addressed by various non-factory solutions which increase sealing of the unused port.

Its ambidextrous fire mode selector above the pistol grip has a semi-automatic mode and a fully automatic mode.[16] The Tavor features a self-contained, drop-in trigger group so that the trigger group can be changed or replaced without the use of additional tools.

Chambering, cartridges and ammunition feeding

The Tavor is primarily chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO and uses STANAG magazines, conversion kits for 9×19mm Parabellum and 5.45×39mm calibre are also available.

The IDF uses both 55gr M193 and 62gr M855 5.56×45mm rounds. M193 rounds are used by regular infantrymen for better terminal effects at shorter distances, while the heavier M855 is used by sharpshooters.

Last round bolt-open catch

The Tavor features a last round bolt catch, whereby the bolt holds open after the last round discharges.[17] This is a request of modern armies, as it helps to allow soldiers to know when their magazine empties and to reduce reloading times during combat while also not requiring manual action cycling after.[18]

Barrel

The Tavor barrels are made from CrMoV steel and cold-hammer-forged (CHF) on the premises of the IWI factory in Ramat HaSharon. The TAR-21 barrel is 18 inches (457 mm) in length and is chrome-lined for durability and corrosion resistance. The barrel features 6 grooves in a 1 in 7 inch (178 mm) twist, or 32 calibres right hand twist rate.

The barrel is fitted with a 'birdcage' style flash suppressor, which can be fully disassembled without the need for additional tools.

Reliability, ease-of-maintenance and waterproofing

The design objectives of the Tavor aimed for reliability and ease-of-maintenance, particularly under adverse or battlefield conditions. According to Russell C. Tilstra, the Tavor is "easily considered more reliable" than the M16 and M4 series rifles.[19]

The Tavor is designed to be easily field-stripped, without the need for any additional tools.[20]

It is waterproofed and its internal mechanism is sealed from outside elements, so that it can pass over-the-beach requirements.[21]

Variants

IWI produces the Tavor TAR-21 in different variations as outlined below.

TAR-21

The Tavor TAR-21 is the standard variant with a 457 mm (18 in) long barrel.

GTAR-21

The GTAR-21 has a notched barrel, to accept an M203 grenade launcher, or a licensed variant thereof, chambered in 40x46mm.

CTAR-21

The CTAR-21 is a compact shorter 380 mm (15 in) barrel variant intended for commandos and special forces, but has become more favoured than the standard TAR-21 throughout the IDF.

STAR-21

The STAR-21 is a designated marksman variant with folding under-barrel bipod and Trijicon ACOG 4× magnification sight

Tavor X95

See also: IWI Tavor X95. The X95 (previously known as the MTAR-21) is the variant of the Tavor that was selected as the future standard infantry weapon of the IDF in 2009.[9] In 2013, the X95 was issued for the first time as the standard infantry weapon to recruits of the Givati Brigade.[22]

With the use of a conversion kit, the X95 can be converted from a 5.56 mm assault rifle to a 9 mm submachine gun. A suppressor can also be added to the weapon, as part of the 9 mm conversion kit. A grenade launcher can also be attached to the X95.[23]

Tavor 7

See main article: IWI Tavor 7.

The IWI Tavor 7 is derived from the Tavor TAR. Essentially a battle rifle, chambered in 7.62×51 mm NATO. It is fully ambidextrous, features a 432 mm (17 in) barrel with a 730 mm (28.7 in) overall length. and a 508 mm (20 in) barrel with an 806 mm (31.7 in) overall length.

Zittara

An Indian-made version of the TAR, which was not adopted and it was made with a few prototypes from Ordnance Factory Board.[24] Based on the Micro Tavor, it would be chambered in 5.56×30mm MINSAS, 5.56 NATO and 9x19mm.[25] [26]

Ukrainian licensed Tavors

Ukraine purchased a license for Tavors to be manufactured by Ukrainian firearm manufacturer RPC Fort. As of March 2021, Fort is no longer marketing them.[27]

TC-21

The semi-automatic Tavor Carbine (TC-21) was first made available for civilian customers to purchase in Canada from 2008.[29] The Canadian civilian version initially shipped with the Mepro reflex sight and a slightly longer barrel to meet the Canadian requirement for non-restricted semi-automatic centrefire rifles to have a barrel length of at least 470 mm. Current versions are shipped with a full-length Picatinny rail, without optics. In Europe, the Czech company Zeleny Sport recently (December 2015) imported Israeli-made TC-21s, equipped with Mepro M5 or M21 reflex sight, which are now available for both civilian and law enforcement customers.

In 2013, IWI started a US subsidiary, IWI US, which is manufacturing the semi-automatic TC-21 as the Tavor SAR for U.S. sales.[30] The weapon is manufactured with a combination of Israeli and US parts. IWI US had shipped 50,000 Tavor SARs to US civilian customers by early 2016.[31]

IWI US sells the Tavor SAR in variety of variants:[32]

Note: IWI US sells their Tavor SARs in a variety of colours, including Black (B), Flat Dark Earth (FD), and OD Green (G); the letter "B" subsequent to "TS" in the rifles' designations can be switched with any of the colours' respective letters.

Aftermarket parts

A significant aftermarket of spare and replacement parts has developed around the Tavor rifle family, including the development of match grade accurizing triggers for the bullpup rifle that are produced by manufacturers such as Geissele Automatics and double stage trigger pack TAV-D from Shooting Sight.[33]

Shlomi Sabag, Deputy CEO of IWI, says that one of the indicators of the success of the rifle in the shooting sports or civilian market is the fact that "an aftermarket of products associated with the Tavor bullpup rifle, like triggers, has evolved very quickly".

Awards

American Rifleman magazine awarded the Tavor SAR the 2014 Golden Bullseye Award as its Rifle of the Year.[34] [35]

Shooting Illustrated magazine named the Tavor X95 as its 2017 Rifle of the Year.[36]

Users

The Tavor Χ95 assault rifle is used by Cypriot Special Forces.[46] [47]

Honduran Army and special forces operate the Tavor X95.[50]

Used by Ivorian Special Forces.[42]

Used by Special Forces Command in executive protection role.[72] [73]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Punj Lloyd, IWI of Israel make small arms in India . The Hindu . 4 May 2017 . 2018-01-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170504124108/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/punj-lloyd-iwi-of-israel-make-small-arms-in-india/article18383248.ece . 2017-05-04 . live . Peri . Dinakar .
  2. http://world.guns.ru/assault/as30-e.htm Modern Firearms – TAR-21 assault rifle
  3. Web site: Kokalis . Peter G. . 2015-12-14 . IWI Tavor: History and Development . 2023-05-05 . Firearms News . en.
  4. Decidedly Different: The IWI Tavor. American Rifleman. 10 July 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20141025221059/http://www.americanrifleman.org/articles/decidedly-different-the-iwi-tavor. 25 October 2014. live.
  5. Web site: TAVOR History. 10 July 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150511053544/http://www.israel-weapon.com/?catid=%7B9490BE81-EAFC-456A-ADC5-D042220A1625%7D. 11 May 2015. live.
  6. Future Weapons, by Kevin Dockery, (Penguin 2007)
  7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqWbxp-65u4 Future Weapons - Tavor assault rifle
  8. http://dover.idf.il/IDF/News_Channels/bamahana/09/13/1304.htm לאור תפקודו במבצע: אין עוד צורך בשיפור התבור
  9. Web site: http://dover.idf.il/IDF/News_Channels/bamahana/09/043/01.htm. he:מיקרו–תבור לכל לוחם חי"ר. Micro-Tavor for every infantry fighter. he. https://web.archive.org/web/20091122184854/http://dover.idf.il/IDF/News_Channels/bamahana/09/043/01.htm. 2009-11-22. Dover.idf.il. 2010-08-31. dead. 2009-11-22.
  10. http://sadefensejournal.com/wp/?p=1125 IWI X95: A Bullpup For IDF Special Forces
  11. Web site: Kalman . Aaron . IDF reserve units switching to Israeli-made Tavor rifle . 2023-05-06 . www.timesofisrael.com . en-US.
  12. http://www.inn.co.il/News/News.aspx/251955 The first time the IDF recruits were issued the "Micro-Tavor"
  13. http://www.israeldefense.co.il/?CategoryID=514&ArticleID=5587 ישראל דיפנס
  14. Web site: 2021-09-08. IDF continuing to acquire Micro Tavor assault rifles. 2021-09-19. Israel Defense. Ami Rojkes Dombe.
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  17. Web site: Tavor – IWI US. 23 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141220171759/http://www.iwi.us/TAVOR. 20 December 2014. live.
  18. The Battle Rifle: Development and Use Since World War II , By Russell C. Tilstra, Russell C. Tilstra, (McFarland 2014), page 98
  19. The Battle Rifle: Development and Use Since World War II, By Russell C. Tilstra, (McFarland 2014) page 97
  20. http://www.iwi.us/iwi/media/Manuals/TAVOR-SAR-Manual-V08-011-01-09-53RevA.pdf Tavor Sar
  21. The Gun Digest Book of Assault Weapons (Gun Digest Books, 26 Sep 2007), By Jack Lewis, Robert K. Campbell, David Steele, page 246
  22. http://www.inn.co.il/News/News.aspx/251955 The first time the IDF recruits were issued the "Micro-Tavor"
  23. Web site: IWI GL – IWI. iwi.net. 2018-04-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20180407054206/https://iwi.net/iwi-gl/. 2018-04-07. live.
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  25. Web site: Defexpo 2006 – Asymmetric Warfare - Defense Update . 16 August 2006 .
  26. Web site: Infantry Weapons: The Future Beckons for Asia . Wilk, Remigiusz . March 2010 . Asian Military Review . 2010-06-18 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110707174915/http://www.asianmilitaryreview.com/CurrentIssue/dl.php?filename=201003140001071.pdf . 2011-07-07 .
  27. Web site: Ukraine's Tavors - . 18 May 2022 .
  28. Web site: SE SFTF "Ukroboronexport" .
  29. Web site: IWI Tavor civilian semi-automatic carbine. Canadaammo.com. 2010-08-31. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20081019212434/http://www.canadaammo.com/product.php?productid=12&cat=0&page=1. 2008-10-19.
  30. Web site: Our Story IWI US, Inc.. IWI US. 10 February 2017 . 19 July 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180720110050/https://iwi.us/ourstory/. 20 July 2018. live.
  31. https://www.facebook.com/IWIUS/photos/a.240365686093959.59088.238732556257272/788866087910580/?type=3&theater Another great milestone reached today! 50,000 Tavor SAR's out the door!
  32. https://iwi.us/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/IWI-2020-Catalog-Web-Ready.pdf Product highlight
  33. http://www.israeldefense.com/?CategoryID=485&ArticleID=2800 The success of the 'Tavor' has taken us by surprise"
  34. Web site: The IWI US TAVOR SAR is the 2014 American Rifleman Rifle of the Year. 20 December 2013. AmmoLand.com. 6 January 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140107003744/http://www.ammoland.com/2013/12/the-iwi-us-tavor-sar-is-the-2014-american-rifleman-rifle-of-the-year/#axzz3NzrDjYOY. 7 January 2014. live.
  35. Web site: IWI US TAVOR® SAR 2014 Golden Bullseye Award Rifle of the Year. 18 March 2015. IWI US, Inc.. 2015-01-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20150107173015/http://www.iwi.us/Golden-Bullseye-Award.aspx. 2015-01-07. dead.
  36. https://iwi.us/iwi-us-x95-wins-2017-golden-bullseye-award-for-rifle-of-the-year-from-shooting-illustrated IWI US’ X95 Wins 2017 Golden Bullseye Award for Rifle of the Year from Shooting Illustrated
  37. Web site: 37.º ANIVERSÁRIO DAS FORÇAS ESPECIAIS ANGOLANAS – Operacional. 10 July 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151019012845/http://www.operacional.pt/37-o-aniversario-das-forcas-especiais-angolanas/. 19 October 2015. live.
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  39. http://www.defesabrasil.com/laad2009/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=71:a-taurus-e-o-tavor&catid=39:noticias&Itemid=78 A Taurus e o Tavor
  40. Web site: 2017-02-14. The Taurus way to a 5.56×45mm rifle. 2021-05-03. The Firearm Blog.
  41. Web site: Elites of the Exército Brasileiro, Page 1. Julio Montes. Small Arms Defense Journal. 2012-05-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112030146/http://sadefensejournal.com/wp/?p=836. 2013-11-12. live.
  42. Web site: Jeremy . Binnie. Erwan. de Cherisey. https://web.archive.org/web/20170622123315/http://www.janes.com/images/assets/520/71520/New-model_African_armies.pdf. New-model African armies. Jane's. 2017. 22 June 2017.
  43. Web site: Israeli arms transfers to sub-Saharan Africa. https://web.archive.org/web/20131215174232/http://www.nonproliferation.eu/documents/other/siemontwezeman4e9eb5e5806bd.pdf. dead. December 15, 2013.
  44. Web site: InfoDefensa . Revista Defensa . La Policía colombiana despliega su nuevo grupo antiextorsión . 2022-11-06 . Infodefensa - Noticias de defensa, industria, seguridad, armamento, ejércitos y tecnología de la defensa . es.
  45. http://www.elheraldo.hn/content/view/full/37537 Equiparán más unidades con potentes fusiles israelíes
  46. Web site: Redefined . Defence . 2021-08-08 . TAVOR Το Βασικό Τυφέκιο των Μονάδων Καταδρομών της Εθνικής Φρουράς - Ανάλυση . 2023-01-15 . DEFENCE ReDEFiNED . el.
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