MRPS24 explained

28S ribosomal protein S24, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPS24 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 11.

Further reading

• Mao M, Fu G, Wu JS, etal . Identification of genes expressed in human CD34(+) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells by expressed sequence tags and efficient full-length cDNA cloning. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 95 . 14 . 8175–80 . 1998 . 9653160 . 10.1073/pnas.95.14.8175 . 20949 . 1998PNAS...95.8175M . free .
• Koc EC, Burkhart W, Blackburn K, etal . A proteomics approach to the identification of mammalian mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal proteins. . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 42 . 32585–91 . 2000 . 10938081 . 10.1074/jbc.M003596200 . free .
• Suzuki T, Terasaki M, Takemoto-Hori C, etal . Proteomic analysis of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Identification of protein components in the 28 S small subunit. . J. Biol. Chem. . 276 . 35 . 33181–95 . 2001 . 11402041 . 10.1074/jbc.M103236200 . free .
• Kenmochi N, Suzuki T, Uechi T, etal . The human mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes: mapping of 54 genes to the chromosomes and implications for human disorders. . Genomics . 77 . 1–2 . 65–70 . 2001 . 11543634 . 10.1006/geno.2001.6622 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, etal . Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology. . Science . 300 . 5620 . 767–72 . 2003 . 12690205 . 2882961 . 10.1126/science.1083423 . 2003Sci...300..767S .
• Zhang Z, Gerstein M . Identification and characterization of over 100 mitochondrial ribosomal protein pseudogenes in the human genome. . Genomics . 81 . 5 . 468–80 . 2003 . 12706105 . 10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00004-1 .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, etal . Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry. . Mol. Syst. Biol. . 3 . 1. 89 . 2007 . 17353931 . 10.1038/msb4100134 . 1847948 .

Notes and References

1. Xu L, He GP, Li A, Ro HS . Molecular characterization of the mouse ribosomal protein S24 multigene family: a uniquely expressed intron-containing gene with cell-specific expression of three alternatively spliced mRNAs . Nucleic Acids Res . 22 . 4 . 646–55 . Apr 1994 . 8127713 . 307856 . 10.1093/nar/22.4.646 .
2. Cavdar Koc E, Burkhart W, Blackburn K, Moseley A, Spremulli LL . The small subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Identification of the full complement of ribosomal proteins present . J Biol Chem . 276 . 22 . 19363–74 . May 2001 . 11279123 . 10.1074/jbc.M100727200 . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: MRPS24 mitochondrial ribosomal protein S24.