MRGPRX2 explained

Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRGPRX2 gene.^{[1] [2]} It is most abundant on cutaneous mast cells, sensory neurons, and keratinocytes.^[3]

Activation of MRGPRX2 on mast cells leads to IgE-independent type 1 hypersensitivity-like symptoms, also known as pseudoallergic reactions, although more rapid and brief. Medications identified to cause MRGPRX2 activation including neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) (except for succinylcholine), antibiotics like DNA gyrase inhibitor fluoroquinolones or cell wall synthesis inhibitor vancomycin (which caused Red Man syndrome), icatibant, leuprolide, and morphine.^[3]

See also

• MAS1 oncogene
• Pseudoallergy

Further reading

• Takeda S, Kadowaki S, Haga T, Takaesu H, Mitaku S . Identification of G protein-coupled receptor genes from the human genome sequence . FEBS Letters . 520 . 1–3 . 97–101 . June 2002 . 12044878 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02775-8 . 7116392 . 2002FEBSL.520...97T .
• Robas N, Mead E, Fidock M . MrgX2 is a high potency cortistatin receptor expressed in dorsal root ganglion . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 278 . 45 . 44400–44404 . November 2003 . 12915402 . 10.1074/jbc.M302456200 . free .
• Yang S, Liu Y, Lin AA, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Zhao Z, Su B . Adaptive evolution of MRGX2, a human sensory neuron specific gene involved in nociception . Gene . 352 . 30–35 . June 2005 . 15862286 . 10.1016/j.gene.2005.03.001 .

Notes and References

1. Dong X, Han S, Zylka MJ, Simon MI, Anderson DJ . A diverse family of GPCRs expressed in specific subsets of nociceptive sensory neurons . Cell . 106 . 5 . 619–632 . September 2001 . 11551509 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00483-4 . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: MRGPRX2 MAS-related GPR, member X2.
3. Book: Clinical immunology: principles and practice . Akin C, Elhosni M, Khokar DS . Mast Cells and Mast Cell disorders . 563 . Rich RR, Fleisher TA, Schroeder HW, Weyand CM, Corry DB, Puck J . 2023 . Elsevier . 978-0-7020-8165-1 .