MMP21 explained

Matrix metalloproteinase-21 (MMP-21) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MMP21 gene.^[1]

Function

This gene encodes a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family. Proteins in this family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix for both normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, and disease processes, such as asthma and metastasis. The encoded protein may play an important role in embryogenesis, particularly in neuronal cells, as well as in lymphocyte development and survival.^[2]

Further reading

• Brinckerhoff CE, Matrisian LM . Matrix metalloproteinases: a tail of a frog that became a prince . Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. . 3 . 3 . 207–14 . 2002 . 11994741 . 10.1038/nrm763 . 31565770 .
• Bister V, Skoog T, Virolainen S, etal . Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases-21 and -26 and TIMP-4 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma . Mod. Pathol. . 20 . 11 . 1128–40 . 2008 . 17873896 . 10.1038/modpathol.3800956 . free .
• Skoog T, Ahokas K, Orsmark C, etal . MMP-21 is expressed by macrophages and fibroblasts in vivo and in culture . Exp. Dermatol. . 15 . 10 . 775–83 . 2006 . 16984259 . 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2006.00460.x . 5605938 .
• Ahokas K, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML, Sihvo E, etal . Matrix metalloproteinases 21 and 26 are differentially expressed in esophageal squamous cell cancer . Tumour Biol. . 27 . 3 . 133–41 . 2006 . 16641547 . 10.1159/000092774 . 21325640 .
• Shagisultanova EI, Novikova IA, Sidorenko YS, etal . The matrix metalloproteinase-21 gene 572C/T polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer . Anticancer Res. . 24 . 1 . 199–201 . 2004 . 15015597 .
• Ahokas K, Lohi J, Illman SA, etal . Matrix metalloproteinase-21 is expressed epithelially during development and in cancer and is up-regulated by transforming growth factor-beta1 in keratinocytes . Lab. Invest. . 83 . 12 . 1887–99 . 2004 . 14691307 . 10.1097/01.LAB.0000106721.86126.39 . free .
• Marchenko GN, Marchenko ND, Strongin AY . The structure and regulation of the human and mouse matrix metalloproteinase-21 gene and protein . Biochem. J. . 372 . Pt 2 . 503–15 . 2003 . 12617721 . 10.1042/BJ20030174 . 1223413 .
• Ahokas K, Lohi J, Lohi H, etal . Matrix metalloproteinase-21, the human orthologue for XMMP, is expressed during fetal development and in cancer . Gene . 301 . 1–2 . 31–41 . 2003 . 12490321 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(02)01088-0 .

External links

• The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: M10.026

Notes and References

1. Marchenko GN, Strongin AY . MMP-28, a new human matrix metalloproteinase with an unusual cysteine-switch sequence is widely expressed in tumors . Gene . 265 . 1–2 . 87–93 . Mar 2001 . 11255011 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00360-2 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: MMP21 matrix metallopeptidase 21.