ME2 (gene) explained

NAD-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ME2 gene.^{[1] [2]} This gene encodes a mitochondrial NAD-dependent malic enzyme, a homotetrameric protein, that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate. It had previously been weakly linked to a syndrome known as Friedreich ataxia that has since been shown to be the result of mutation in a completely different gene.^[3]

Further reading

• Siebert G, Ritter H, Kömpf J . Mitochondrial malic enzyme (E.C.1.1.1.40) in human leukocytes: formal genetics and population genetics. . Hum. Genet. . 51 . 3 . 319–22 . 1980 . 511162 . 10.1007/bf00283401. 28855152 .
• Saha N, Jeremiah SJ, Povey S . Further data on mitochondrial malic enzyme in man. . Hum. Hered. . 28 . 6 . 421–5 . 1978 . 680703 . 10.1159/000152993 .
• Taroni F, Gellera C, Di Donato S . Evidence for two distinct mitochondrial malic enzymes in human skeletal muscle: purification and properties of the NAD(P)+-dependent enzyme. . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 916 . 3 . 446–54 . 1988 . 3689803 . 10.1016/0167-4838(87)90191-9.
• Bukato G, Kochan Z, Swierczyński J . Different regulatory properties of the cytosolic and mitochondrial forms of malic enzyme isolated from human brain. . Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. . 27 . 10 . 1003–8 . 1996 . 7496989 . 10.1016/1357-2725(95)00080-9 .
• Bukato G, Kochan Z, Swierczyński J . Purification and properties of cytosolic and mitochondrial malic enzyme isolated from human brain. . Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. . 27 . 1 . 47–54 . 1995 . 7757881 . 10.1016/1357-2725(94)00057-3 .
• Xu Y, Bhargava G, Wu H, etal . Crystal structure of human mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme: a new class of oxidative decarboxylases. . Structure . 7 . 8 . R877–89 . 1999 . 10477256 . 10.1016/S0969-2126(99)80115-4 . free .
• Yang Z, Floyd DL, Loeber G, Tong L . Structure of a closed form of human malic enzyme and implications for catalytic mechanism. . Nat. Struct. Biol. . 7 . 3 . 251–7 . 2000 . 10700286 . 10.1038/73378 . 23469024 .
• Yang Z, Batra R, Floyd DL, etal . Potent and competitive inhibition of malic enzymes by lanthanide ions. . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 274 . 2 . 440–4 . 2000 . 10913357 . 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3163 . free .
• Butta N, González-Manchón C, Arias-Salgado EG, etal . Cloning and functional characterization of the 5' flanking region of the human mitochondrial malic enzyme gene. Regulatory role of Sp1 and AP-2. . Eur. J. Biochem. . 268 . 10 . 3017–27 . 2001 . 11358520 . 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02194.x . 10261/73615 . free .
• Yanaihara N, Kohno T, Takakura S, etal . Physical and transcriptional map of a 311-kb segment of chromosome 18q21, a candidate lung tumor suppressor locus. . Genomics . 72 . 2 . 169–79 . 2001 . 11401430 . 10.1006/geno.2000.6454 .
• Yang Z, Lanks CW, Tong L . Molecular mechanism for the regulation of human mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme by ATP and fumarate. . Structure . 10 . 7 . 951–60 . 2002 . 12121650 . 10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00788-8 . free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, etal . Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. . Nat. Biotechnol. . 21 . 5 . 566–9 . 2004 . 12665801 . 10.1038/nbt810 . 23783563 .
• Tao X, Yang Z, Tong L . Crystal structures of substrate complexes of malic enzyme and insights into the catalytic mechanism. . Structure . 11 . 9 . 1141–50 . 2004 . 12962632 . 10.1016/S0969-2126(03)00168-0 . free .
• Navarro-Lérida I, Martínez Moreno M, Roncal F, etal . Proteomic identification of brain proteins that interact with dynein light chain LC8. . Proteomics . 4 . 2 . 339–46 . 2004 . 14760703 . 10.1002/pmic.200300528 . 8868600 .
• Greenberg DA, Cayanis E, Strug L, etal . Malic enzyme 2 may underlie susceptibility to adolescent-onset idiopathic generalized epilepsy. . Am. J. Hum. Genet. . 76 . 1 . 139–46 . 2005 . 15532013 . 10.1086/426735 . 1196416 .
• Hung HC, Chien YC, Hsieh JY, etal . Functional roles of ATP-binding residues in the catalytic site of human mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme. . Biochemistry . 44 . 38 . 12737–45 . 2005 . 16171388 . 10.1021/bi050510b .
• Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, etal . Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes. . Genome Res. . 16 . 1 . 55–65 . 2006 . 16344560 . 10.1101/gr.4039406 . 1356129 .

Notes and References

1. Loeber G, Infante AA, Maurer-Fogy I, Krystek E, Dworkin MB . Human NAD(+)-dependent mitochondrial malic enzyme. cDNA cloning, primary structure, and expression in Escherichia coli . J Biol Chem . 266 . 5 . 3016–21 . Mar 1991 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)49948-6 . 1993674 . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: ME2 malic enzyme 2, NAD(+)-dependent, mitochondrial.
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: ME2 malic enzyme 2, NAD(+)-dependent, mitochondrial.