ME1 (gene) explained

NADP-dependent malic enzyme is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ME1 gene.^{[1] [2]}

This gene encodes a cytosolic, NADP-dependent enzyme that generates NADPH for fatty acid biosynthesis. The activity of this enzyme, the reversible oxidative decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate, links the glycolytic and citric acid cycles. The regulation of expression for this gene is complex. Increased expression can result from elevated levels of thyroid hormones or by higher proportions of carbohydrates in the diet.

Further reading

• Povey S, Wilson DE, Harris H, etal . Sub-unit structure of soluble and mitochondrial malic enzyme: demonstration of human mitochondrial enzyme in human-mouse hybrids . Ann. Hum. Genet. . 39 . 2 . 203–12 . 1978 . 1088824 . 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1975.tb00123.x . 39275324 .
• Tessarolo D, Liguori M, Giacanelli M . Human malic enzymes in heart and muscle: evidence of a selective distribution . Biochem. Med. Metab. Biol. . 45 . 1 . 1–5 . 1991 . 2015102 . 10.1016/0885-4505(91)90002-3 . free .
• Taroni F, Di Donato S . Purification and properties of cytosolic malic enzyme from human skeletal muscle . Int. J. Biochem. . 20 . 8 . 857–66 . 1988 . 3169368 . 10.1016/0020-711X(88)90075-4 .
• Chen TR, McMorris FA, Creagan R, etal . Assignment of the genes for malate oxidoreductase decarboxylating to chromosome 6 and peptidase B and lactate dehydrogenase B to chromosome 12 in man . Am. J. Hum. Genet. . 25 . 2 . 200–7 . 1973 . 4689040 . 1762508 .
• Bukato G, Kochan Z, Swierczyński J . Different regulatory properties of the cytosolic and mitochondrial forms of malic enzyme isolated from human brain . Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. . 27 . 10 . 1003–8 . 1996 . 7496989 . 10.1016/1357-2725(95)00080-9 .
• González-Manchón C, Ferrer M, Ayuso MS, Parrilla R . Cloning, sequencing and functional expression of a cDNA encoding a NADP-dependent malic enzyme from human liver . Gene . 159 . 2 . 255–60 . 1995 . 7622060 . 10.1016/0378-1119(95)00004-P .
• Bukato G, Kochan Z, Swierczyński J . Purification and properties of cytosolic and mitochondrial malic enzyme isolated from human brain . Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. . 27 . 1 . 47–54 . 1995 . 7757881 . 10.1016/1357-2725(94)00057-3 .
• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Chou WY, Huang SM, Chang GG . Nonidentity of the cDNA sequence of human breast cancer cell malic enzyme to that from the normal human cell . J. Protein Chem. . 15 . 3 . 273–9 . 1996 . 8804575 . 10.1007/BF01887116 . 31679272 .
• González-Manchón C, Butta N, Ferrer M, etal . Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the human cytosolic malic enzyme promoter: thyroid hormone responsiveness . DNA Cell Biol. . 16 . 5 . 533–44 . 1997 . 9174159 . 10.1089/dna.1997.16.533 .
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, etal . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 .
• Sylvius N, Tesson F, Gayet C, etal . A new locus for autosomal dominant dilated cardiomyopathy identified on chromosome 6q12-q16 . Am. J. Hum. Genet. . 68 . 1 . 241–6 . 2001 . 11085912 . 10.1086/316929 . 1234920 .
• Butta N, González-Manchón C, Arias-Salgado EG, etal . Cloning and functional characterization of the 5' flanking region of the human mitochondrial malic enzyme gene. Regulatory role of Sp1 and AP-2 . Eur. J. Biochem. . 268 . 10 . 3017–27 . 2001 . 11358520 . 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02194.x . 10261/73615 . free .
• Yang Z, Lanks CW, Tong L . Molecular mechanism for the regulation of human mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme by ATP and fumarate . Structure . 10 . 7 . 951–60 . 2002 . 12121650 . 10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00788-8 . free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, etal . The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6 . Nature . 425 . 6960 . 805–11 . 2003 . 14574404 . 10.1038/nature02055 . 2003Natur.425..805M . free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Hsieh JY, Liu GY, Chang GG, Hung HC . Determinants of the dual cofactor specificity and substrate cooperativity of the human mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme: functional roles of glutamine 362 . J. Biol. Chem. . 281 . 32 . 23237–45 . 2006 . 16757477 . 10.1074/jbc.M603451200 . free .

Notes and References

1. Loeber G, Dworkin MB, Infante A, Ahorn H . Characterization of cytosolic malic enzyme in human tumor cells . FEBS Lett . 344 . 2–3 . 181–6 . Jun 1994 . 8187880 . 10.1016/0014-5793(94)00386-6 . 41426196 . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: ME1 malic enzyme 1, NADP(+)-dependent, cytosolic.