MARK4 explained

MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MARK4 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]} MARK4 belongs to the family of serine/threonine kinases that phosphorylate microtubule-associated proteins (MAP) causing their detachment from microtubules.^[4] Detachment thereby increases microtubule dynamics and facilitates a number of cell activities including cell division, cell cycle control, cell polarity determination, and cell shape alterations.^[5]

There are four members of the MARK protein family, MARK1-4, which are highly conserved. MARK4 kinase has been shown to be involved in microtubule organization in neuronal cells. Levels of MARK4 are elevated in Alzheimer's disease and may contribute to the pathological phosphorylation of tau protein in this disease.

Interactions

MARK4 has been shown to interact with USP9X^[6] and Ubiquitin C.^[6]

Further reading

• Nagase T, Nakayama M, Nakajima D, Kikuno R, Ohara O . Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XX. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro . DNA Research . 8 . 2 . 85–95 . April 2001 . 11347906 . 10.1093/dnares/8.2.85 . free .
• Beghini A, Magnani I, Roversi G, Piepoli T, Di Terlizzi S, Moroni RF, Pollo B, Fuhrman Conti AM, Cowell JK, Finocchiaro G, Larizza L . The neural progenitor-restricted isoform of the MARK4 gene in 19q13.2 is upregulated in human gliomas and overexpressed in a subset of glioblastoma cell lines . Oncogene . 22 . 17 . 2581–91 . May 2003 . 12735302 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1206336 . free .
• Trinczek B, Brajenovic M, Ebneth A, Drewes G . MARK4 is a novel microtubule-associated proteins/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase that binds to the cellular microtubule network and to centrosomes . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 279 . 7 . 5915–23 . February 2004 . 14594945 . 10.1074/jbc.M304528200 . free .
• Brajenovic M, Joberty G, Küster B, Bouwmeester T, Drewes G . Comprehensive proteomic analysis of human Par protein complexes reveals an interconnected protein network . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 279 . 13 . 12804–11 . March 2004 . 14676191 . 10.1074/jbc.M312171200 . free .
• Schneider A, Laage R, von Ahsen O, Fischer A, Rossner M, Scheek S, Grünewald S, Kuner R, Weber D, Krüger C, Klaussner B, Götz B, Hiemisch H, Newrzella D, Martin-Villalba A, Bach A, Schwaninger M . Identification of regulated genes during permanent focal cerebral ischaemia: characterization of the protein kinase 9b5/MARKL1/MARK4 . Journal of Neurochemistry . 88 . 5 . 1114–26 . March 2004 . 15009667 . 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02228.x . 44856849 . free .
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M . Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network . Nature . 437 . 7062 . 1173–8 . October 2005 . 16189514 . 10.1038/nature04209 . 2005Natur.437.1173R . 4427026 . Huda Zoghbi .
• Wissing J, Jänsch L, Nimtz M, Dieterich G, Hornberger R, Kéri G, Wehland J, Daub H . Proteomics analysis of protein kinases by target class-selective prefractionation and tandem mass spectrometry . Molecular & Cellular Proteomics . 6 . 3 . 537–47 . March 2007 . 17192257 . 10.1074/mcp.T600062-MCP200 . free . 10033/19756 . free .

Notes and References

1. Kato T, Satoh S, Okabe H, Kitahara O, Ono K, Kihara C, Tanaka T, Tsunoda T, Yamaoka Y, Nakamura Y, Furukawa Y . Isolation of a novel human gene, MARKL1, homologous to MARK3 and its involvement in hepatocellular carcinogenesis . Neoplasia . 3 . 1 . 4–9 . Apr 2001 . 11326310 . 1505019 . 10.1038/sj.neo.7900132.
2. Drewes G, Ebneth A, Preuss U, Mandelkow EM, Mandelkow E . MARK, a novel family of protein kinases that phosphorylate microtubule-associated proteins and trigger microtubule disruption . Cell . 89 . 2 . 297–308 . April 1997 . 9108484 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80208-1 . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: MARK4 MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4.
4. Drewes G, Ebneth A, Preuss U, Mandelkow EM, Mandelkow E . MARK, a novel family of protein kinases that phosphorylate microtubule-associated proteins and trigger microtubule disruption . Cell . 89 . 2 . 297–308 . April 1997 . 9108484 . 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80208-1. free .
5. Naz F, Anjum F, Islam A, Ahmad F, Hassan MI . Microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4: structure, function, and regulation . Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics . 67 . 2 . 485–99 . November 2013 . 23471664 . 10.1007/s12013-013-9550-7 . 13507976 .
6. Al-Hakim AK, Zagorska A, Chapman L, Deak M, Peggie M, Alessi DR . Control of AMPK-related kinases by USP9X and atypical Lys(29)/Lys(33)-linked polyubiquitin chains . The Biochemical Journal . 411 . 2 . 249–60 . April 2008 . 18254724 . 10.1042/BJ20080067 . 13038944 .