MARK2 explained

Serine/threonine-protein kinase MARK2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MARK2 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

EMK (ELKL Motif Kinase) is a small family of ser/thr protein kinases involved in the control of cell polarity, microtubule stability and cancer. Several cDNA clones have been isolated that encoded two isoforms of the human ser/thr protein kinase EMK1. These isoforms were characterized by the presence of a 162-bp alternative exon that gave rise to two forms, one containing the exon and the other one lacking it. Both forms were found to be coexpressed in a number of selected cell lines and tissue samples. The human EMK1 was shown to be encoded by a single mRNA ubiquitously expressed.

Interactions

MARK2 has been shown to interact with AKT1.^[4]

Further reading

• Courseaux A, Fernandes M, Grosgeorge J, Inglis J, Raynaud SD, Gaudray P . Human EMK1 is located on 11q12-q13, close to COX8 and FTH1 . Mamm. Genome . 6 . 4 . 311–2 . 1995 . 7613050 . 10.1007/BF00352433 . 37616665 .
• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Schultz SJ, Nigg EA . Identification of 21 novel human protein kinases, including 3 members of a family related to the cell cycle regulator nimA of Aspergillus nidulans . Cell Growth Differ. . 4 . 10 . 821–30 . 1994 . 8274451 .
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB . Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery . Genome Res. . 6 . 9 . 791–806 . 1997 . 8889548 . 10.1101/gr.6.9.791 . free .
• Courseaux A, Grosgeorge J, Gaudray P, Pannett AA, Forbes SA, Williamson C, Bassett D, Thakker RV, Teh BT, Farnebo F, Shepherd J, Skogseid B, Larsson C, Giraud S, Zhang CX, Salandre J, Calender A . Definition of the minimal MEN1 candidate area based on a 5-Mb integrated map of proximal 11q13. The European Consortium on Men1, (GENEM 1; Groupe d'Etude des Néoplasies Endocriniennes Multiples de type 1) . Genomics . 37 . 3 . 354–65 . 1997 . 8938448 . 10.1006/geno.1996.0570 .
• Drewes G, Ebneth A, Preuss U, Mandelkow EM, Mandelkow E . MARK, a novel family of protein kinases that phosphorylate microtubule-associated proteins and trigger microtubule disruption . Cell . 89 . 2 . 297–308 . 1997 . 9108484 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80208-1 . 15647848 . free .
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 .
• Sun TQ, Lu B, Feng JJ, Reinhard C, Jan YN, Fantl WJ, Williams LT . PAR-1 is a Dishevelled-associated kinase and a positive regulator of Wnt signalling . Nat. Cell Biol. . 3 . 7 . 628–36 . 2001 . 11433294 . 10.1038/35083016 . 1128604 .
• Brajenovic M, Joberty G, Küster B, Bouwmeester T, Drewes G . Comprehensive proteomic analysis of human Par protein complexes reveals an interconnected protein network . J. Biol. Chem. . 279 . 13 . 12804–11 . 2004 . 14676191 . 10.1074/jbc.M312171200 . free .
• Bouwmeester T, Bauch A, Ruffner H, Angrand PO, Bergamini G, Croughton K, Cruciat C, Eberhard D, Gagneur J, Ghidelli S, Hopf C, Huhse B, Mangano R, Michon AM, Schirle M, Schlegl J, Schwab M, Stein MA, Bauer A, Casari G, Drewes G, Gavin AC, Jackson DB, Joberty G, Neubauer G, Rick J, Kuster B, Superti-Furga G . A physical and functional map of the human TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway . Nat. Cell Biol. . 6 . 2 . 97–105 . 2004 . 14743216 . 10.1038/ncb1086 . 11683986 .
• Lizcano JM, Göransson O, Toth R, Deak M, Morrice NA, Boudeau J, Hawley SA, Udd L, Mäkelä TP, Hardie DG, Alessi DR . LKB1 is a master kinase that activates 13 kinases of the AMPK subfamily, including MARK/PAR-1 . EMBO J. . 23 . 4 . 833–43 . 2005 . 14976552 . 381014 . 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600110 .
• Hueso M, Beltran V, Moreso F, Ciriero E, Fulladosa X, Grinyó JM, Serón D, Navarro E . Splicing alterations in human renal allografts: detection of a new splice variant of protein kinase Par1/Emk1 whose expression is associated with an increase of inflammation in protocol biopsies of transplanted patients . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1689 . 1 . 58–65 . 2004 . 15158914 . 10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.01.008 .
• Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villén J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP . Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 101 . 33 . 12130–5 . 2004 . 15302935 . 514446 . 10.1073/pnas.0404720101 . 2004PNAS..10112130B . free .
• Suzuki A, Hirata M, Kamimura K, Maniwa R, Yamanaka T, Mizuno K, Kishikawa M, Hirose H, Amano Y, Izumi N, Miwa Y, Ohno S . aPKC acts upstream of PAR-1b in both the establishment and maintenance of mammalian epithelial polarity . Curr. Biol. . 14 . 16 . 1425–35 . 2004 . 15324659 . 10.1016/j.cub.2004.08.021 . 293494 . free . 2004CBio...14.1425S .
• Cohen D, Rodriguez-Boulan E, Müsch A . Par-1 promotes a hepatic mode of apical protein trafficking in MDCK cells . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 101 . 38 . 13792–7 . 2004 . 15365179 . 518835 . 10.1073/pnas.0403684101 . 2004PNAS..10113792C . free .
• Hazarika P, McCarty MF, Prieto VG, George S, Babu D, Koul D, Bar-Eli M, Duvic M . Up-regulation of Flotillin-2 is associated with melanoma progression and modulates expression of the thrombin receptor protease activated receptor 1 . Cancer Res. . 64 . 20 . 7361–9 . 2004 . 15492257 . 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0823 . free .

Notes and References

1. Espinosa L, Navarro E . Human serine/threonine protein kinase EMK1: genomic structure and cDNA cloning of isoforms produced by alternative splicing . Cytogenet Cell Genet . 81 . 3–4 . 278–82 . Oct 1998 . 9730619 . 10.1159/000015046 . 46869824 .
2. Navarro E . Precise localization of D11S1226 to the human EMK1 gene at chromosome band 11q13 by sequence homology search . Cytogenet Cell Genet . 86 . 1 . 66–7 . Oct 1999 . 10516437 . 10.1159/000015413 . 26642331 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: MARK2 MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 2.
4. Dickey CA, Koren J, Zhang YJ, Xu YF, Jinwal UK, Birnbaum MJ, Monks B, Sun M, Cheng JQ, Patterson C, Bailey RM, Dunmore J, Soresh S, Leon C, Morgan D, Petrucelli L . Akt and CHIP coregulate tau degradation through coordinated interactions . . 105 . 9 . 3622–7 . Mar 2008 . 18292230 . 2265134 . 10.1073/pnas.0709180105 . 2008PNAS..105.3622D . free .