MAPK13 explained

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 (MAPK 13), also known as stress-activated protein kinase 4 (SAPK4), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK13 gene.^[1]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase is closely related to p38 MAP kinase, both of which can be activated by proinflammatory cytokines and cellular stress. MAP kinase kinases 3, and 6 can phosphorylate and activate this kinase. Transcription factor ATF2, and microtubule dynamics regulator stathmin have been shown to be the substrates of this kinase.^[1]

Further reading

• Efimova T, Broome AM, Eckert RL . Protein kinase Cdelta regulates keratinocyte death and survival by regulating activity and subcellular localization of a p38delta-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 complex. . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 24 . 18 . 8167–83 . 2004 . 15340077 . 10.1128/MCB.24.18.8167-8183.2004 . 515052.
• Joneson T, Bar-Sagi D . Ras effectors and their role in mitogenesis and oncogenesis. . J. Mol. Med. . 75 . 8 . 587–93 . 1997 . 9297626 . 10.1007/s001090050143. 23541383 .
• Efimova T . p38delta mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates skin homeostasis and tumorigenesis. . Cell Cycle . 9 . 3 . 498–05 . 2010 . 20090411 . 10.4161/cc.9.3.10541. free .
• Gutierrez-Sanmartin D, Varela-Ledo E, Aguilera A, etal . Implication of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase isoforms (alpha, beta, gamma and delta) in CD4+ T-cell infection with human immunodeficiency virus type I. . J. Gen. Virol. . 89 . Pt 7 . 1661–71 . 2008 . 18559936 . 10.1099/vir.0.82971-0 . free .
• Zhang J, Harrison JS, Studzinski GP . Isoforms of p38MAPK gamma and delta contribute to differentiation of human AML cells induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃. . Exp. Cell Res. . 317 . 1 . 117–30 . 2011 . 20804750 . 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.08.010 . 2998239.
• Segat L, Brandão LA, Guimarães RL. Polymorphisms in innate immunity genes and patients response to dendritic cell-based HIV immuno-treatment. . Vaccine . 28 . 10 . 2201–6 . 2010 . 20056178 . 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.12.056 . etal. free .
• Zhou X, Ferraris JD, Dmitrieva NI, etal . MKP-1 inhibits high NaCl-induced activation of p38 but does not inhibit the activation of TonEBP/OREBP: opposite roles of p38alpha and p38delta. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 105 . 14 . 5620–5 . 2008 . 18367666 . 10.1073/pnas.0801453105 . 2291081. 2008PNAS..105.5620Z . free .
• Coulthard LR, Taylor JC, Eyre S, etal . Genetic variants within the MAP kinase signalling network and anti-TNF treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis patients. . Ann. Rheum. Dis. . 70 . 1 . 98–103 . 2011 . 20805296 . 10.1136/ard.2010.133249 . 37511360 .
• Efimova T, Broome AM, Eckert RL . A regulatory role for p38 delta MAPK in keratinocyte differentiation. Evidence for p38 delta-ERK1/2 complex formation. . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 36 . 34277–85 . 2003 . 12810719 . 10.1074/jbc.M302759200 . free .
• Kim SJ, Zhang Z, Hitomi E, etal . Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced caspase-4 activation mediates apoptosis and neurodegeneration in INCL. . Hum. Mol. Genet. . 15 . 11 . 1826–34 . 2006 . 16644870 . 10.1093/hmg/ddl105 . free .
• Talmud PJ, Drenos F, Shah S, etal . Gene-centric association signals for lipids and apolipoproteins identified via the HumanCVD BeadChip. . Am. J. Hum. Genet. . 85 . 5 . 628–42 . 2009 . 19913121 . 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.10.014 . 2775832.
• Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, etal . The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. . Nature . 425 . 6960 . 805–11 . 2003 . 14574404 . 10.1038/nature02055 . 2003Natur.425..805M . free .
• Colland F, Jacq X, Trouplin V, etal . Functional proteomics mapping of a human signaling pathway. . Genome Res. . 14 . 7 . 1324–32 . 2004 . 15231748 . 10.1101/gr.2334104 . 442148.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928.
• Ozawa S, Ito S, Kato Y, etal . Human p38 delta MAP kinase mediates UV irradiation induced up-regulation of the gene expression of chemokine BRAK/CXCL14. . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 396 . 4 . 1060–4 . 2010 . 20478268 . 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.05.072 .
• Kitatani K, Sheldon K, Anelli V, etal . Acid beta-glucosidase 1 counteracts p38delta-dependent induction of interleukin-6: possible role for ceramide as an anti-inflammatory lipid. . J. Biol. Chem. . 284 . 19 . 12979–88 . 2009 . 19279008 . 10.1074/jbc.M809500200 . 2676030. free .
• Tan FL, Ooi A, Huang D, etal . p38delta/MAPK13 as a diagnostic marker for cholangiocarcinoma and its involvement in cell motility and invasion. . Int. J. Cancer . 126 . 10 . 2353–61 . 2010 . 19816939 . 10.1002/ijc.24944 . 34276751 . free .
• William C. Mobley . Sofroniew MV, Howe CL, Mobley WC . Nerve growth factor signaling, neuroprotection, and neural repair. . Annu. Rev. Neurosci. . 24 . 1217–81 . 2001 . 11520933 . 10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.1217 .
• Bailey SD, Xie C, Do R, etal . Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of thiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study. . Diabetes Care . 33 . 10 . 2250–3 . 2010 . 20628086 . 10.2337/dc10-0452 . 2945168.
• Sumara G, Formentini I, Collins S, etal . Regulation of PKD by the MAPK p38delta in insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. . Cell . 136 . 2 . 235–48 . 2009 . 19135240 . 10.1016/j.cell.2008.11.018 . 2638021.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: mitogen-activated protein kinase 13.