MACS J0416.1-2403 explained

MACS J0416.1–2403
Credit:ESA/Hubble, NASA, HST Frontier Fields
Epoch:J2000.0[1]
Constellation:Eridanus
Redshift:0.420000
Other Names:MACS J0416.1-2403, MACS J0416-2403, MACS 0416.1-2403, MACS 0416-2403, 1RXS J041609.9-240358

MACS J0416.1-2403 or MACS0416 abbreviated, is a cluster of galaxies at a redshift of z=0.397 with a mass 160 trillion times the mass of the Sun inside 200abbr=onNaNabbr=on. Its mass extends out to a radius of 950kpc and was measured as 1.15 × 1015 solar masses.[2] The system was discovered[3] in images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope during the Massive Cluster Survey, MACS.[4] This cluster causes gravitational lensing of distant galaxies producing multiple images.[5] [6] Based on the distribution of the multiple image copies, scientists have been able to deduce and map the distribution of dark matter.[7] [8] The images, released in 2014,[9] were used in the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) to help scientists peer back in time at the early Universe and to discover the distribution of dark matter.[10]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Object No. 1 - MACS J0416.1-2403 . NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database .
  2. 1406.3011. Hubble Frontier Fields: The Geometry and Dynamics of the Massive Galaxy Cluster Merger MACSJ0416.1-2403 . Jauzac . Mathilde . Eric Jullo . Dominique Eckert . Harald Ebeling . Johan Richard . Marceau Limousin . etal . 23 June 2014 . 10.1093/mnras/stu2425 . 446 . 4 . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 4132–4147. free . 2015MNRAS.446.4132J .
  3. X-ray-optical classification of cluster mergers and the evolution of the cluster merger fraction . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 420 . 3 . 2120–2138 . Mann . Andrew . Harald Ebeling . March 2012 . 2012MNRAS.420.2120M. 1111.2396 . 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.20170.x . free . 118744581 .
  4. MACS: A Quest for the Most Massive Galaxy Clusters in the Universe . The Astrophysical Journal . 553 . 2 . 668–676 . Ebeling . Harald . Alastair Edge . J. Patrick Henry . June 2001 . 2001ApJ...553..668E. astro-ph/0009101 . 10.1086/320958 . 15324781 .
  5. Free Form Lensing Implications for the Collision of Dark Matter and Gas in the Frontier Fields Cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403 . Diego . Jose M. . 4 June 2014 . 2015MNRAS.447.3130D . 10.1093/mnras/stu2660 . 1406.1217 . 447 . 4 . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 3130–3149. free .
  6. Web site: New mass map of a distant galaxy cluster is the most precise yet . 24 July 2014 . 25 July 2014.
  7. Cho. Adrian. Scientists unveil the most detailed map of dark matter to date. Science. 2017. 10.1126/science.aal0847.
  8. Natarajan. Priyamvada. Chadayammuri. Urmila. Jauzac. Mathilde. Richard. Johan. Kneib. Jean-Paul. Ebeling. Harald. Jiang. Fangzhou. Bosch. Frank van den. Limousin. Marceau. Jullo. Eric. Atek. Hakim. Pillepich. Annalisa. Popa. Cristina. Marinacci. Federico. Hernquist. Lars. Meneghetti. Massimo. Vogelsberger. Mark. Mapping substructure in the HST Frontier Fields cluster lenses and in cosmological simulations. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 468. 2. 1962–1980. 2017. 10.1093/mnras/stw3385. free . 1702.04348 . 2017MNRAS.468.1962N .
  9. Web site: 24 July 2014 . New mass map of a distant galaxy cluster is the most precise yet .
  10. Web site: 23 June 2017 . Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) .

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