TPz Fuchs explained

TPz Fuchs 1
Origin:Germany
Type:6x6 Amphibious armoured personnel carrier
Is Vehicle:yes
Service:1979–present
Used By:Bundeswehr and other (see Operators)
Designer:Daimler-Benz
Design Date:1961–1979
Manufacturer:Rheinstahl Wehrtechnik (original)
Production Date:1979 - 2004
Number:1,236 (estimate)
Variants:German Army variants
  • TPz 1/Standard, 504 delivered[1]
  • TPz 1A1/EloKa, 87 delivered (not amphibious)
  • TPz 1A2/Funk, 265 delivered fitted with a Rüstsatz (installation kit for various roles)
  • TPz 1A3/ABC or Spürpanzer Fuchs, 140 delivered (NBC reconnaissance vehicle)
  • TPz 1A7 (upgrade)
  • TPz 1A8 (upgrade)
Spec Label:TPz 1A8
Weight:17000kg (37,000lb) unladen
23500kg (51,800lb) combat
Length:6.8m (22.3feet)
Width:2.98m (09.78feet)
Height:2.5m (08.2feet)
Crew:2 + 10
Armour:Steel armour
(various upgrades and applique kits developed)
Primary Armament:1x Rheinmetall MG3 machine gun [2]
Secondary Armament:smoke grenade launchers
Engine:Mercedes-Benz Model OM 402A V-8 liquid-cooled diesel engine
Engine Power:320hp at 2,500 rpm
Transmission:ZF 6HP500 automatic transmission with 6 forward and 1 reverse gears coupled to a single-speed transfer case to all axles
Payload Capacity:6500kg (14,300lb)
Fuel Capacity:390L
Suspension:coil springs and shock absorbers
Vehicle Range:800km (500miles)
Speed:105km/h
10km/h in water
TPz Fuchs 2
Origin:Germany
Type:6x6 Wheeled armoured personnel carrier
Is Vehicle:yes
Service:2007 (first deliveries) to date
Used By:Algeria, Kuwait, United Kingdom and United Arab Emirates
Designer:Daimler-Benz (original Fuchs 1); Fuchs 2 is a development of Fuchs 1 by the now RMMV
Design Date:Overarching project for a complete vehicle range from 1964
Manufacturer:Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles (RMMV)
Production Date:Since 2005
Number:564
(1,800 for TPz Fuchs 1 and 2) [3]
Spec Label:TPz Fuchs 2
Weight:17,000 kg (unladen approx.)
23,000 kg (combat)
Length:6.83m (22.41feet)
Width:3.04m (09.97feet)
Height:2.54m (08.33feet)
Crew:2 + 9
Armour:Steel armour
(various upgrades and applique kits developed)
Primary Armament:2 x MG 3 general purpose machine guns
Engine:MTU 6V 199 TE20 V6 turbocharged water-cooled 4-stroke EURO 3 compliant diesel
Engine Power:456hp at 1,800 rpm
Transmission:ZF 6HP 602 fully automatic with 6 forward and 1 reverse gears coupled to a STU single-speed transfer case
Payload Capacity:6000 kg
Fuel Capacity:390 L
Suspension:coil springs and shock absorbers
Vehicle Range:800km (500miles)
Speed:105km/h
10km/h in water

The TPz Fuchs from Transportpanzer Fuchs is a German armoured personnel carrier originally developed by Daimler-Benz, and manufactured and further developed by the now Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles (RMMV). Fuchs was the second wheeled armoured vehicle to enter service with the Bundeswehr (West German Military).[4] It can be used for tasks including troop transport, engineer transport, bomb disposal, Nuclear, Biological and Chemical reconnaissance and electronic warfare. RMMV and its predecessors manufactured 1,236 Fuchs 1, mostly for the German Army.

Further development of the design resulted in the Fuchs 2, first shown in 2001. The enhanced Fuchs 2 is currently in production. Known customers include the Algerian Army, the Kuwait Army and the United Arab Emirates Army (UAE).[5]

Development

In 1977, Rheinstahl Wehrtechnik (which in 1996 became Henschel Wehrtechnik, then Rheinmetall Landsysteme and now Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles (RMMV), under licence from Daimler-Benz, was awarded a contract by the German Army for 996 Transportpanzer Fuchs 1. The first production vehicle was handed over in December 1979, with deliveries running at 160 per year and concluding in late 1986.[5]

German Army designations for Fuchs 1 as delivered were:

By early 1998 the German Army had upgraded 55 Fuchs 1 with additional protection, for use in the former Yugoslavia.[5]

In 1997, as a further development of the Fuchs 1, two pre-production Fuchs KRK (Krisenreaktionskräfte - German: "Crisis Reaction Forces") were built, with production vehicle options for 50 units expected in 1999. The type never entered quantity production.[5]

In 2002, the German BWB awarded a €45 million contract to upgrade 123 Fuchs 1 APCs. The work was carried out between 2004 and 2007 at Kassel, where the vehicles were originally built. Vehicles upgraded under this contract were given the TPz A7 designation.[5]

The latest upgraded Fuchs 1 are given the TPz A8 designation. Deliveries of these to the German Army began in March 2008. It introduced improved protection against mines and IEDs, specially for German units stationed in Afghanistan.[6] The most recent TPz A8 upgrade award brought totals to 168 vehicles. Late in 2013, it was stated that, in the long term, the German Army planned to retain a fleet of up to 728 Fuchs 1 upgraded to TPz A8 standard.[5]

Continued development of the Fuchs 1 resulted in the Fuchs 2. It was shown to the public for the first time at the 2001 MSPO in Poland. In 2005, the first order for Fuchs 2 was for Nuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC) reconnaissance variants for the United Arab Emirates (UAE).[7] [8]

In 2014, the German Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy confirmed that it had approved the transfer of production equipment to Algeria to enable local production of the Fuchs 2.[7]

Kuwait ordered a batch of Fuchs 2 in 2015. These will be manufactured in Germany.[7]

Description

The hull of the Fuchs is constructed of all-welded armoured steel. The driver sits at the front on the left, with the vehicle commander to his right. There are doors for both the driver and commander. The door windows and windscreen have metal shutters that can be closed up. When closed up, the periscopes fitted in the roof of the vehicle, to the front of the driver's hatch, allow visibility out of the cabin. The commander has a circular roof hatch.

The troop/cargo compartment, which is at the rear of the vehicle, is 3.2m (10.5feet) long, 1.25m (04.1feet) high and 1.5m (04.9feet) wide at its widest point. On the Fuchs 2, the roof height has been raised by 145mm for greater internal volume.[9] Two assisted doors are fitted at the rear. On the Fuchs 2, a ramp is an option.

There are three or four hatches in the roof of the troop compartment. In APC configuration, the ten infantrymen carried by Fuchs 1 are seated on individual bucket-type seats, five on each side. These seats can be folded up when not required. Fuchs 2 seats up to nine on much-improved blast-resistant seating.

The normal amphibious payload for Fuchs 1 is 4000kg (9,000lb). Depending on configuration and protection options, up to 5,000 kg of cargo can be carried on land. The Fuchs 2 has a maximum payload of 6,000 kg.

Motive power for the Fuchs 1 is provided by a Mercedes-Benz Model OM 402A V8 12.8-litre water-cooled diesel engine, with 320hp.[4] This is coupled in a powerpack set-up, to a six-speed planetary gear torque converter transmission. In the Fuchs 2, the powerpack is upgraded to a MTU 6V 199 TE20 V6 11.9-litre water-cooled EURO 3 emissions compliant diesel[9] producing 456hp. This is coupled to a ZF 6HP 602 fully automatic six-speed transmission with integrated retarder.[8] For test purposes, the power pack of the Fuchs can be run outside the vehicle.

The rigid Mercedes-Benz drive axles are of the hub-reduction type, fitted with differential locks and are sprung by progressively acting coil springs and shock-absorbers. Power-steering is on the front four wheels. The Fuchs 2 offers the option of a central tyre inflation system (CTIS).[8] The 1400 R20 tyres are of the run-flat type. On land the maximum speed is 105km/h. The operational range is 800 km.

The Fuchs was designed as an amphibious vehicle. Water propulsion is provided by two four-bladed propellers[4] mounted one either side of the hull at the rear. Maximum water speed is approx. 8 km/h. For steering, the propellers can be swivelled through 360°. Before entering the water, a trim vane, which is stowed on the glacis plate when travelling, is hydraulically erected. Bilge pumps are fitted. As part of the TPz A8 upgrade, the amphibious capability is removed, but the vehicles can wade up to 1.3 m.

The welded steel hull of the Fuchs was designed to protect the crew from armor-piercing small arms fire and shell splinters. For service with the United Nations Implementation Force (IFOR) operating in Bosnia, a higher level of protection was required and a batch of Fuchs 1 were upgraded with passive fibre compound add-on armour package developed by IBD-Deisenroth. This armour package includes an add-on armour mounted externally on the sides of the hull; internal spall liners fitted to the hull sides, rear and roof to reduce the secondary effects of particles having penetrated the main armour; additional elements in the floor area of the front and rear compartments to provide increased protection against mines; new windows with increased protection and modification of the window protective shields.

The TPz A7 upgrade included protection enhancements, as does the current TPz A8 upgrade. For the TPz A7 and A8 upgrades, additional elements protect the underside and lower part of the hull against blast and IED threats.

The baseline Fuchs 2 provides protection against small arms armour-piercing attack through a full 360°. To meet different threat levels, the Fuchs 2 has been designed to be fitted with enhanced passive armour packages developed by IBD.

To enhance survivability while conducting Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT), Rheinmetall has developed a modular upgrade package for installation on tracked and wheeled armoured vehicles. A MOUT demonstrator vehicle was completed in 2008, based on the Fuchs 1.

Armament varies according to mission requirements. The Fuchs 1 can mount a 7.62 mm Rheinmetall MG3 general-purpose machine gun over the commander's position. Vehicles of the Armoured Reconnaissance Battalion, Panzergrenadiers mechanized infantry, the Franco-German Brigade, the mountain infantry and the Jägers of the German Army have previously been fitted with the MILAN anti-tank guided missile, but these are no longer in service. All vehicles have six 76 mm grenade dischargers mounted to fire forwards. Vehicles deployed to Afghanistan were equipped with a GMG grenade launcher or an M2 Browning heavy machine gun instead of an MG3.

The Fuchs 2 can be fitted with a wide range of weapon systems up to and including a 30 mm cannon and 7.62 mm MG, as well as various missile installations, such as anti-tank missiles.

Standard equipment for the Fuchs 2 includes an NBC system and an air conditioning system. Numerous options available include an automatic fire detection and suppression system, winch, global positioning system and an auxiliary power unit (APU).

Operators and export sales

Current operators

Fuchs 1

Germany (1,041)
  • 996 Fuchs 1 delivered from 1979, 45 additional Fuchs 1 were ordered in 1991. Various upgrades undertaken including 124 to TPz A7 standard and 168 to latest TPz A8 standard (728 required).
    Israel (8)
  • 8 Fuchs NBC were loaned from German Army stocks during the first Gulf War. These are thought to remain in use.
    Kuwait (11)
  • 11 Fuchs 1.
    Netherlands (24)
  • 24 electronic warfare Fuchs 1 variants delivered. In 2006 12 of these were converted to an NBC role.
    Norway (8)
  • 8 Fuchs 1 NBC.
    Saudi Arabia (36)
  • 36 Fuchs 1 were delivered (exact date unknown). 14 APC, 8 ambulance, 4 command post, 10 NBC.
    United Arab Emirates (32)
  • Fuchs 2 NBC reconnaissance vehicles ordered in February 2005 under a contract valued at €160 million (US$205 million). The order comprises 16 NBC reconnaissance vehicles, eight bio vehicles and eight command post vehicles, which will provide the UAE with a complete NBC detection capability linked to a command-and-control system.
    United Kingdom (11)
  • Eleven Fuchs 1 NBC variants (ex-German Army) delivered in 1990. These vehicles were put into storage in 2011. A regeneration project was launched in February 2014. Eight vehicles are used by Falcon Squadron, Royal Tank Regiment, 22 Engineer Regiment with one attrition reserve and two training vehicles. The Fuchs Regeneration and Availability Service contract secured the vehicle's service life until 2019.[10] [11] [12] The UK used a small number of electronic warfare versions during the 1991 Gulf War[13] In October 2020, RBSL (Rheinmetall BAE Systems Land) announced a £16 million sustainment contract award for the UK MoD's Fuchs fleet and training simulator. The award will address equipment-related obsolescence issues and upgrade the system with the latest generation of sensing capabilities. The new support contract includes technical support, provision of spares and repairs, maintenance, training, and design services.[14]
    United States (123)
  • 123 (current estimate) Fuchs 1, designated M93 Fox. The General Dynamics Land Systems (GDLS) M93 Fox NBCRS (Nuclear Biological Chemical Reconnaissance System) vehicle is the US variant of the Fuchs 1 NBC reconnaissance vehicle. The requirement for an NBC reconnaissance vehicle, for use by US Forces in the European theatre, was first recognised and a three-phase program initiated in the late 1980s.[15] The first phase of the project involved the evaluation of three vehicles types. The Fuchs (M93) was selected in July 1989. Phase II of the program, the Interim System Production (ISP) phase, resulted in the purchase of 48 vehicles. The Phase II vehicles were provided in two batches, one of eight vehicles and the other of 40. Phase II was completed in 1993. Phases III and IV would have included the US-licensed production of an additional 210 vehicles, supplementing the 48 already produced.In mid-1995, it was announced that the US Army had already received a previously unannounced batch of 60 ex-German Army vehicles for Operation Desert Storm. When in use by the US Army in the first Gulf War these were known by the XM93 designation. Due to downsizing of the US Army, the 210 vehicles to be purchased in Phases III and IV were not ordered. Under a number of contract awards from 1991 until around 2002, and through an interim XM931 designation, at least 128 vehicles were upgraded to M93A1 standard. From 2005, 31 vehicles were further upgraded in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom to M93A1P1 standard. To support operations in the Southwest Asia (SWA) region, an Urgent Material Requirement (UMR) was issued covering various upgrades to P2 standard for the M93A1P1. The exact number of M93 Fox NBCRS in service with the US Armed Forces is not clear. It is thought that the fleet comprised 122 vehicles, though the exact mix of M93A1, M93A1P1 and M93A1P2 variants is unknown. The previous mix,, was 86 M93A1, 22 of the M93A1P1 and 14 M93A1P2, with upgrades from the earlier variants to the M93A1P2 standard ongoing. The M93 is expected to be replaced in US service by the Stryker NBCRV.
    (20)
  • Ten Fuchs 1 were ordered and delivered in 1983. These vehicles did not have the standard NBC system installed but had 76 mm smoke grenade dischargers, an 8,000 kg capacity winch, an air conditioning system and two roof-mounted weapon systems. To the rear of the engine compartment is a Rheinmetall Landsysteme one-person turret, with an externally mounted 12.7 mm heavy machine gun. Behind this and facing the rear is a 7.62 mm light machine gun. These vehicles have full amphibious capability. Venezuela has fitted the US 106 mm M40A1 recoilless rifle to the roof of several vehicles. In February 2021 it was reported that these vehicles would be repaired and updated.[16]
    Fuchs 2
  • Algeria (> 500)
  • Algeria is one of the only user of the TPz Fuchs 2. As Rheinmetall mentions having produced more than 1,800 TPz Fuchs, and a total of 1,236 Fuchs 1 was produced, it would mean that at least 564 Fuchs 2 were manufactured.[17] As for the background, the German Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy confirmed that it had approved the transfer of production equipment to Algeria for production of the Fuchs 2 (6 × 6) family of vehicles. 980 Fuchs 2 were required by the Algerian Army. The first export licence for the Fuchs 2 for Algeria was approved in 2011 followed by approval for production sets to Algeria in August 2013. In June 2014 Rheinmetall confirmed that the contract was worth €2.7 billion (US$3.7 billion) and covered the supply of 980 units. The first batch of 54 Fuchs 2 for Algeria have come from the German production line and will be followed by progressive transfer of production to Algeria, but with major subsystems such as power packs and drive lines continuing to come from Germany.
  • In 2024, an export contract was signed by Rheinmetall for the export of parts for the production of the Fuchs 2 until 2028.[18]
    Kuwait (12)
  • 12 Fuchs 2 ordered in mid-2015. These will be in NBC reconnaissance configuration, and deliveries will start in 2017. The contract covers training, service and spare parts.

    Former operators

    Turkey (2)
  • Two Fuchs 1 were loaned during the first Gulf War and later returned.

    Potential operators

    Fuchs 2

    Germany (around 1,000 in total)
  • Several programmes are ongoing to select new vehicles in the German Army that might see the TPz Fuchs 2 as the selected one:[19]
    Ukraine (20)
  • Rheinmetall announced that they want to start to produce KF-41 and TPz Fuchs 2 in Ukraine as soon as 2024. There is uncertainty around the project.[23]

    Bibliography

    External links

    Notes and References

    1. The TPz 1 Standard could be fitted with various installation kits for different battlefield missions
    2. Web site: Fuchs TPZ 1 6x6 armoured personnel carrier data fact sheet | Germany German army wheeled armoured vehicle UK | Germany German army military equipment UK . 3 December 2023 .
    3. Web site: Major order for Rheinmetall – international partner orders additional kits for Fuchs 2 production. edrmagazine . 2015-12-01 . 2024-01-29 .
    4. Web site: TPZ Fuchs . Tanks Encyclopedia . 27 October 2015 . 5 May 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160501073750/http://www.tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/West_Germany/TPZ-Fuchs.php . 1 May 2016 . dmy-all .
    5. Web site: Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles Transportpanzer 1 (Fuchs) armoured personnel carrier . IHS Jane's . Christopher F . Foss . 11 September 2015 . 3 May 2016 . subscription .
    6. Prezentacja Fuchsa 1A8 in: "Raport - Wojsko Technika Obronność" Nr. 12/2008, p. 73
    7. Web site: Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles Fuchs 2 armoured personnel carrier . IHS Jane's (author Christopher F Foss) . 15 May 2015 . 3 May 2016.
    8. Web site: Fuchs 2 looks tough but tests must prove it . IHS Jane's. 20 September 2001 . 4 May 2016.
    9. Web site: 2005-05-10 . Emirates' Fuchs will be most advanced yet . 2016-05-04 . IHS Jane's.
    10. News: Farmer . Ben . 2016-05-02 . Army brings back sniffer vehicles for chemical weapons threat . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160505211416/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/02/army-brings-back-sniffer-vehicles-for-chemical-weapons-threat/ . 5 May 2016 . 2016-05-05 . The Telegraph . Daily Telegraph . dmy-all.
    11. Web site: 2015-12-01 . RAC News Letter December 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161105073703/http://www.royaltankregiment.com/Uploads/Files/en-GB/RAC_Newsletter_Dec_2015.PDF . 5 November 2016 . 2016-05-05 . Royal Tank Regiment . dmy-all.
    12. Web site: 1 July 2016 . Full Operational Capability for Fuchs . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160924053726/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/desider-2016 . 24 September 2016 . 18 August 2016 . UK MoD . dmy-all.
    13. Web site: Reconnaissance Vegicles - TPz-1 FUCHS . 2024-07-31 . www.armedforces.co.uk.
    14. Web site: 2020-10-07 . RBSL has won a UK MoD contract to upgrade and sustain the British Army's fleet of Fuchs/Fox CBRN reconnaissance vehicles and training simulator. The order is worth over £16m/€17.5m. . 2020-10-09 . RBSL.
    15. Web site: 2015-07-15 . M93/M93A1 Fox NBCRS vehicle . 2016-05-04 . IHS Jane's.
    16. Web site: 2021-02-16 . Repair and upgrade . 2021-02-23 . infodefensa.com.
    17. Web site: Valpolini . Paolo . 2024-01-29 . Major order for Rheinmetall – international partner orders additional kits for Fuchs 2 production . 2024-07-23 . EDR Magazine . en-GB.
    18. Web site: admin . 2024-01-30 . Rheinmetall Awarded Order to Supply Fuchs 2 Components for International Partner - MilitaryLeak.COM . 2024-07-23 . militaryleak.com . en-us.
    19. Web site: Ruitenberg . Rudy . 2024-02-15 . Patria teams up with local firms for Germany's new armored troop ride . 2024-07-23 . Defense News . en.
    20. Web site: 2023-11-13 . Transportpanzer Fuchs – Bundeswehr bestätigt Dreikampf um die Nachfolge . 2023-11-14 . soldat-und-technik.de . de-DE.
    21. Web site: 2023-04-17 . Germany and Sweden take next steps in the joint armoured vehicle CAVS programme . 2023-04-17 . Patria . en.
    22. Web site: 2023-06-22 . Heer sieht Bedarf für NEMO-Mörser auf 6x6-Radplattform . 2024-05-20 . soldat-und-technik.de . de-DE.
    23. Web site: Kiani-Kreß . Rüdiger . 2023-12-02 . Rheinmetall: Panzerproduktion in der Ukraine soll schon 2024 starten . 2024-07-23 . www.wiwo.de . de.

    This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "TPz Fuchs".

    Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.