Mühlviertel (National Council electoral district) explained

Mühlviertel
Constituency Type:	Electoral District
Parl Name:	National Council
Map4:	Mühlviertel (National Council electoral district).svg
Map Size:	250px
Map Entity:	Austria
District Label:	District
Region Label:	State
Region:	Upper Austria
Population:	284,464 (2024)^[1]
Electorate:	221,009 (2019)
Area:	3,085 km² (2023)^[2]
Year:	1994
Seats:	6 (1994–present)
Members Label:	Members^[3]

Mühlviertel, also known as Electoral District 4E (de|Wahlkreis 4E), is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the districts of Freistadt, Greater Urfahr, Perg and Rohrbach in the state of Upper Austria. The electoral district currently elects six of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 221,009 registered electors.

History

Mühlviertel was one 43 regional electoral districts (German: regionalwahlkreise) established by the "National Council Electoral Regulations 1992" (German: Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992) passed by the National Council in 1992.^[4] It consisted of the districts of Freistadt, Greater Urfahr, Perg and Rohrbach in the state of Upper Austria.^[5] The district was initially allocated six seats in May 1993.^[6]

Electoral system

Mühlviertel currently elects six of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system.^[7] ^[8] ^[9] The allocation of seats is carried out in three stages.^[10] In the first stage, seats are allocated to parties (lists) at the regional level using a state-wide Hare quota (German: wahlzahl) (valid votes in the state divided by the number of seats in the state).^[11] ^[12] In the second stage, seats are allocated to parties at the state/provincial level using the state-wide Hare quota (any seats won by the party at the regional stage are subtracted from the party's state seats).^[11] ^[12] In the third and final stage, seats are allocated to parties at the federal/national level using the D'Hondt method (any seats won by the party at the regional and state stages are subtracted from the party's federal seats).^[11] ^[12] Only parties that reach the 4% national threshold, or have won a seat at the regional stage, compete for seats at the state and federal stages.^[11] ^[12]

Electors may cast one preferential vote for individual candidates at the regional, state and federal levels.^[12] Split-ticket voting (panachage), or voting for more than one candidate at each level, is not permitted and will result in the ballot paper being invalidated.^[12] ^[13] At the regional level, candidates must receive preferential votes amounting to at least 14% of the valid votes cast for their party to over-ride the order of the party list (10% and 7% respectively for the state and federal levels).^[13] Prior to April 2013 electors could not cast preferential votes at the federal level and the thresholds candidates needed to over-ride the party list order were higher at the regional level (half the Hare quota or of the party votes) and state level (Hare quota).^[12] ^[14] ^[15]

Election results

Summary

colspan=3	colspan=3	colspan=3	colspan=3	colspan=3	colspan=3
Election	valign=bottom colspan=3	Communists KPÖ+ / KPÖ !	valign=bottom colspan=3	Social Democrats SPÖ !	valign=bottom colspan=3	Greens GRÜNE !	valign=bottom colspan=3	NEOS NEOS / LiF !	valign=bottom colspan=3	People's ÖVP !	valign=bottom colspan=3	Freedom FPÖ
Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats
	891	0.50%	0	35,703	19.91%	1	24,627	13.73%	0	12,693	7.08%	0	75,139	41.90%	2	27,201	15.17%	1
	1,002	0.54%	0	47,176	25.34%	1	7,065	3.80%	0	8,664	4.65%	0	69,413	37.29%	2	44,188	23.74%	1
	1,167	0.67%	0	43,609	24.86%	1	21,151	12.06%	0	5,263	3.00%	0	57,854	32.98%	2	30,597	17.44%	1
	990	0.55%	0	49,167	27.54%	1	17,560	9.84%	0	2,065	1.16%	0	59,830	33.51%	2	28,843	16.16%	1
	1,256	0.73%	0	55,852	32.64%	2	17,131	10.01%	0				73,463	42.93%	2	15,592	9.11%	0
	663	0.39%	0	55,749	32.50%	2	14,098	8.22%	0	1,150	0.67%	0	87,131	50.80%	3	12,721	7.42%	0
	441	0.27%	0	48,861	30.26%	1	11,340	7.02%	0	3,509	2.17%	0	62,813	38.90%	2	32,886	20.37%	1
	275	0.17%	0	54,623	33.70%	2	8,233	5.08%	0	5,928	3.66%	0	65,199	40.22%	2	25,962	16.02%	0
	243	0.16%	0	46,712	30.17%	1	10,927	7.06%	0	5,986	3.87%	0	62,891	40.62%	2	25,555	16.51%	1

Detailed

2010s

2019

Results of the 2019 legislative election held on 29 September 2019:^[16] ^[17]

Party	Votes per district					align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Freis- tadt !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Greater Urfahr !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Perg !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Rohr- bach !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	18,623	22,082	16,669	17,629	136	75,139	41.90%	2
		SPÖ	9,230	10,531	10,586	5,285	71	35,703	19.91%	1
		FPÖ	6,770	7,596	6,831	5,947	57	27,201	15.17%	1
		GRÜNE	5,525	10,047	4,770	4,058	227	24,627	13.73%	0
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		NEOS	2,646	4,967	2,540	2,462	78	12,693	7.08%	0
		JETZT	532	784	505	389	24	2,234	1.25%	0
		KPÖ+	245	273	199	170	4	891	0.50%	0
		WANDL	184	285	183	132	1	785	0.44%	0
		SLP	22	19	19	6	2	68	0.04%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	43,777	56,584	42,302	36,078	600	179,341	100.00%	4
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	851	873	793	613	9	3,139	1.72%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	44,628	57,457	43,095	36,691	609	182,480	82.57%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	53,816	68,781	52,899	45,513		221,009
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	82.93%	83.54%	81.47%	80.62%		82.57%

The following candidates were elected:^[18] ^[19]

Party mandates - Rosa Ecker (FPÖ), 920 votes; Michael Hammer (ÖVP), 3,789 votes; Johanna Jachs (ÖVP), 7,382 votes; and Sabine Schatz (SPÖ), 3,616 votes.

2017

Results of the 2017 legislative election held on 15 October 2017:^[20] ^[21]

Party	Votes per district					align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Freis- tadt !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Greater Urfahr !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Perg !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Rohr- bach !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	16,691	20,848	15,123	16,575	176	69,413	37.29%	2
		SPÖ	11,915	15,022	12,722	7,326	191	47,176	25.34%	1
		FPÖ	11,025	12,146	11,222	9,695	100	44,188	23.74%	1
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		NEOS	1,697	3,459	1,744	1,689	75	8,664	4.65%	0
		GRÜNE	1,620	2,834	1,285	1,251	75	7,065	3.80%	0
		PILZ	1,336	2,450	1,314	981	96	6,177	3.32%	0
		GILT	473	651	422	403	16	1,965	1.06%	0
		KPÖ	254	374	187	176	11	1,002	0.54%	0
	The Whites	WEIßE	69	94	73	61	1	298	0.16%	0
		FLÖ	69	41	33	27	1	171	0.09%	0
		SLP	8	9	8	5	1	31	0.02%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	45,157	57,928	44,133	38,189	743	186,150	100.00%	4
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	720	738	607	555	7	2,627	1.39%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	45,877	58,666	44,740	38,744	750	188,777	85.89%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	53,370	67,796	52,523	46,100		219,789
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	85.96%	86.53%	85.18%	84.04%		85.89%

The following candidates were elected:^[22] ^[23]

Party mandates - Michael Hammer (ÖVP), 5,952 votes; Johanna Jachs (ÖVP), 5,363 votes; Anneliese Kitzmüller (FPÖ), 1,453 votes; and Sabine Schatz (SPÖ), 2,686 votes.

2013

Results of the 2013 legislative election held on 29 September 2013:^[24] ^[25]

Party	Votes per district					align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Freis- tadt !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Greater Urfahr !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Perg !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Rohr- bach !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	14,047	16,425	12,380	14,863	139	57,854	32.98%	2
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		SPÖ	11,231	12,331	12,862	7,089	96	43,609	24.86%	1
		FPÖ	7,656	8,756	7,775	6,322	88	30,597	17.44%	1
		GRÜNE	4,668	8,660	4,137	3,481	205	21,151	12.06%	0
		FRANK	1,672	2,630	1,879	1,627	29	7,837	4.47%	0
		BZÖ	1,553	1,831	1,167	992	12	5,555	3.17%	0
		NEOS	984	2,324	1,068	836	51	5,263	3.00%	0
		PIRAT	378	412	272	296	15	1,373	0.78%	0
		KPÖ	322	407	228	197	13	1,167	0.67%	0
		CPÖ	141	172	201	194	0	708	0.40%	0
		WANDL	77	102	65	61	2	307	0.18%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	42,729	54,050	42,034	35,958	650	175,421	100.00%	4
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	1,356	1,589	1,161	1,259	9	5,374	2.97%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	44,085	55,639	43,195	37,217	659	180,795	82.98%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	52,884	66,789	51,994	46,198		217,865
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	83.36%	83.31%	83.08%	80.56%		82.98%

The following candidates were elected:^[26] ^[27]

Personal mandates - Reinhold Mitterlehner (ÖVP), 10,709 votes.
Party mandates - Marianne Gusenbauer-Jäger (SPÖ), 1,877 votes; Anneliese Kitzmüller (FPÖ), 1,213 votes; and Nikolaus Prinz (ÖVP), 2,922 votes.

Substitutions:

Reinhold Mitterlehner (ÖVP) resigned on 16 December 2013 and was replaced by Michael Hammer (ÖVP) on 17 December 2013.^[28]

2000s

2008

Results of the 2008 legislative election held on 28 September 2008:^[29] ^[30]

Party	Votes per district					align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Freis- tadt !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Greater Urfahr !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Perg !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Rohr- bach !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	14,641	16,800	12,627	15,258	504	59,830	33.51%	2
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		SPÖ	12,147	13,917	14,779	7,852	472	49,167	27.54%	1
		FPÖ	7,230	8,209	7,291	5,884	229	28,843	16.16%	1
		GRÜNE	3,901	6,989	3,200	3,003	467	17,560	9.84%	0
		BZÖ	3,630	4,716	3,271	3,322	131	15,070	8.44%	0
		LiF	424	899	359	314	69	2,065	1.16%	0
		DC	376	545	367	438	19	1,745	0.98%	0
		FRITZ	349	597	360	356	26	1,688	0.95%	0
		RETTÖ	315	513	340	303	19	1,490	0.83%	0
		KPÖ	227	339	196	202	26	990	0.55%	0
		LINKE	18	21	19	14	2	74	0.04%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	43,258	53,545	42,809	36,946	1,964	178,522	100.00%	4
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	1,497	1,758	1,341	1,447	56	6,099	3.30%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	44,755	55,303	44,150	38,393	2,020	184,621	86.38%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	51,822	64,770	51,216	45,922		213,730
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	86.36%	85.38%	86.20%	83.60%		86.38%

The following candidates were elected:^[31] ^[32]

Party mandates - Kurt Gaßner (SPÖ), 3,616 votes; Anneliese Kitzmüller (FPÖ), 1,068 votes; Reinhold Mitterlehner (ÖVP), 4,838 votes; and Nikolaus Prinz (ÖVP), 2,761 votes.

Substitutions:

Reinhold Mitterlehner (ÖVP) resigned on 2 December 2008 and was replaced by Norbert Kapeller (ÖVP) on 3 December 2008.^[33]
Norbert Kapeller (ÖVP) resigned on 18 March 2011 and was replaced by Michael Hammer (ÖVP) on 22 March 2011.^[34]

2006

Results of the 2006 legislative election held on 1 October 2006:^[35] ^[36]

Party	Votes per district					align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Freis- tadt !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Greater Urfahr !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Perg !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Rohr- bach !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	17,264	20,086	15,221	18,003	2,889	73,463	42.93%	2
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		SPÖ	13,789	14,965	16,337	8,714	2,047	55,852	32.64%	2
		GRÜNE	3,566	6,309	2,901	2,652	1,703	17,131	10.01%	0
		FPÖ	3,708	4,658	3,765	3,006	455	15,592	9.11%	0
		MATIN	938	1,336	852	887	175	4,188	2.45%	0
		BZÖ	822	1,157	701	822	145	3,647	2.13%	0
		KPÖ	314	393	223	271	55	1,256	0.73%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	40,401	48,904	40,000	34,355	7,469	171,129	100.00%	4
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	1,036	1,307	862	975	83	4,263	2.43%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	41,437	50,211	40,862	35,330	7,552	175,392	86.28%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	49,191	61,583	48,784	43,732		203,290
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	84.24%	81.53%	83.76%	80.79%		86.28%

The following candidates were elected:^[37] ^[38]

Party mandates - Kurt Gaßner (SPÖ), 4,411 votes; Reinhold Mitterlehner (ÖVP), 6,538 votes; Nikolaus Prinz (ÖVP), 3,688 votes; and Walter Schopf (SPÖ), 3,616 votes.

Substitutions:

Reinhold Mitterlehner (ÖVP) was reassigned to the Upper Austria seat vacated by Wilhelm Molterer and was replaced by Norbert Kapeller (ÖVP) in Mühlviertel on 15 January 2007.^[39]

2002

Results of the 2002 legislative election held on 24 November 2002:^[40] ^[41]

Party	Votes per district					align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Freis- tadt !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Greater Urfahr !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Perg !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Rohr- bach !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	20,780	24,397	18,052	21,338	2,564	87,131	50.80%	3
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		SPÖ	13,766	15,268	16,365	8,799	1,551	55,749	32.50%	2
		GRÜNE	2,856	5,225	2,484	2,109	1,424	14,098	8.22%	0
		FPÖ	2,851	3,828	2,944	2,785	313	12,721	7.42%	0
		LiF	253	424	230	174	69	1,150	0.67%	0
		KPÖ	163	211	121	152	16	663	0.39%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	40,669	49,353	40,196	35,357	5,937	171,512	100.00%	5
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	766	906	729	776	69	3,246	1.86%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	41,435	50,259	40,925	36,133	6,006	174,758	89.99%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	47,050	58,446	46,554	42,153		194,203
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	88.07%	85.99%	87.91%	85.72%		89.99%

The following candidates were elected:^[42] ^[43]

Party mandates - Kurt Gaßner (SPÖ), 4,442 votes; Norbert Kapeller (ÖVP), 4,218 votes; Reinhold Mitterlehner (ÖVP), 7,102 votes; Nikolaus Prinz (ÖVP), 4,750 votes; and Walter Schopf (SPÖ), 1,943 votes.

1990s

1999

Results of the 1999 legislative election held on 3 October 1999:^[44] ^[45]

Party	Votes per district					align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Freis- tadt !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Greater Urfahr !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Perg !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Rohr- bach !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	15,403	16,554	12,564	16,257	2,035	62,813	38.90%	2
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		SPÖ	11,768	13,075	14,182	8,132	1,704	48,861	30.26%	1
		FPÖ	7,405	9,747	7,671	7,122	941	32,886	20.37%	1
		GRÜNE	2,379	4,174	2,046	1,787	954	11,340	7.02%	0
		LiF	582	1,348	616	507	456	3,509	2.17%	0
		DU	169	307	192	129	34	831	0.51%	0
	No to NATO and EU – Neutral Austria Citizens' Initiative	NEIN	174	213	175	188	22	772	0.48%	0
		KPÖ	104	124	94	108	11	441	0.27%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	37,984	45,542	37,540	34,230	6,157	161,453	100.00%	4
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	725	823	667	662	62	2,939	1.79%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	38,709	46,365	38,207	34,892	6,219	164,392	87.33%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	45,802	55,798	45,169	41,469		188,238
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	84.51%	83.09%	84.59%	84.14%		87.33%

The following candidates were elected:^[46] ^[47]

Party mandates - Kurt Gaßner (SPÖ), 3,510 votes; Josef Mühlbachler (ÖVP), 3,283 votes; Nikolaus Prinz (ÖVP), 3,852 votes; and Rüdiger Schender (FPÖ), 1,729 votes.

1995

Results of the 1995 legislative election held on 17 December 1995:^[48] ^[49]

Party	Votes per district					align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Freis- tadt !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Greater Urfahr !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Perg !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Rohr- bach !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	15,833	17,477	13,246	17,082	1,561	65,199	40.22%	2
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		SPÖ	13,482	14,999	15,837	8,934	1,371	54,623	33.70%	2
		FPÖ	5,792	7,798	6,086	5,730	556	25,962	16.02%	0
		GRÜNE	1,740	2,762	1,483	1,423	825	8,233	5.08%	0
		LiF	1,133	2,219	1,099	884	593	5,928	3.66%	0
	No – Civic Action Group Against the Sale of Austria	NEIN	473	573	337	454	36	1,873	1.16%	0
		KPÖ	65	79	64	54	13	275	0.17%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	38,518	45,907	38,152	34,561	4,955	162,093	100.00%	4
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	929	980	774	847	89	3,619	2.18%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	39,447	46,887	38,926	35,408	5,044	165,712	91.14%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	44,513	53,295	43,371	40,652		181,831
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	88.62%	87.98%	89.75%	87.10%		91.14%

The following candidates were elected:^[50] ^[51]

Party mandates - Robert Elmecker (SPÖ), 2,128 votes; Josef Mühlbachler (ÖVP), 2,080 votes; Johann Schuster (ÖVP), 2,785 votes; and Fritz Verzetnitsch (SPÖ), 1,777 votes.

Substitutions:

Robert Elmecker (SPÖ) resigned on 30 April 1997 and was replaced by Kurt Gaßner (SPÖ) on 2 May 1997.^[52] ^[53] ^[54]

1994

Results of the 1994 legislative election held on 9 October 1994:^[55] ^[56]

Party	Votes per district					align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Freis- tadt !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Greater Urfahr !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Perg !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Rohr- bach !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	15,655	16,149	12,565	16,873	1,649	62,891	40.62%	2
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		SPÖ	11,644	12,346	13,684	7,877	1,161	46,712	30.17%	1
		FPÖ	5,437	7,819	6,250	5,339	710	25,555	16.51%	1
		GRÜNE	2,428	3,766	2,049	1,838	846	10,927	7.06%	0
		LiF	1,106	2,325	1,199	875	481	5,986	3.87%	0
	No – Civic Action Group Against the Sale of Austria	NEIN	291	382	280	184	32	1,169	0.76%	0
	Christian Voters Community	CWG	165	207	110	288	34	804	0.52%	0
	United Greens Austria – List Adi Pinter	VGÖ	64	152	60	51	16	343	0.22%	0
		KPÖ	48	82	58	41	14	243	0.16%	0
		ÖNP	45	82	23	26	9	185	0.12%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	36,883	43,310	36,278	33,392	4,952	154,815	100.00%	4
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	875	928	769	735	94	3,401	2.15%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	37,758	44,238	37,047	34,127	5,046	158,216	87.44%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	44,336	52,761	43,155	40,683		180,935
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	85.16%	83.85%	85.85%	83.89%		87.44%

The following candidates were elected:^[57] ^[58]

Party mandates - Robert Elmecker (SPÖ), 2,956 votes; Josef Meisinger (FPÖ), 1,442 votes; Josef Mühlbachler (ÖVP), 3,322 votes; and Johann Schuster (ÖVP), 3,496 votes.

Notes and References

Web site: Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn nach Politischen Bezirken bzw. Wiener Gemeindebezirken seit 2002 . . 9 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Stadtgebiet nach Nutzungsklassen und Gemeindebezirken . . 9 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240625151846/https://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/ogd/jahrbuch/stadtraum/tab_1.1.2_stadtgebiet_.csv . 25 June 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalrat: Abgeordnete zum Nationalrat . . 27 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
471. Bundesgesetz über die Wahl des Nationalrates (Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992 — NRWO) . . 4 August 1992 . 1992 . 164 . 1885 . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20240404022745/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1992_471_0/1992_471_0.pdf . 4 April 2024 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
471. Bundesgesetz über die Wahl des Nationalrates (Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992 — NRWO) . . 4 August 1992 . 1992 . 164 . 1918 . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20240404022745/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1992_471_0/1992_471_0.pdf . 4 April 2024 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
322. Kundmachung des Bundesministers für Inneres über die Zahl der auf jeden Wahlkreis entfallenden Mandate für die Wahl des Nationalrates . . 11 May 1993 . 1993 . 118 . 2707 . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20231029000533/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1993_322_0/1993_322_0.pdf . 29 October 2023 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
Web site: Nationalratswahlen: Wahlkreiseinteilung . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240421071143/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Wahlkreiseinteilung.aspx . 21 April 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Austrian National Council 2019 General . Election Guide . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240228065006/https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/3350/ . 28 February 2024 . Arlington, U.S.A..
Web site: Electoral Assistance: ElecData, Compendium of Electoral Data - Austria . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240403205755/https://www.coe.int/en/web/electoral-assistance/elecdata-austria . 3 April 2024 . Strasbourg, France.
Book: Müller . Wolfgang C. . Gallagher . Michael . Mitchell . Paul . The Politics of Electoral Systems . 15 September 2005 . . Oxford, UK . 9780191603280 . 396–416 . 10 July 2024 . Austria: A Complex Electoral System with Subtle Effects.
Web site: Nationalratswahlen: Überblick . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231231143451/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/ . 31 December 2023 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Reimink . Elwin . Electoral System Change in Europe since 1945: Austria . Electoral System Change in Europe since 1945 . Jean-Benoit Pilet and Alan Renwick . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240226131754/https://www.electoralsystemchanges.eu/Files/media/MEDIA_764/FILE/Austria_summary.pdf . 26 February 2024 . 7–8.
Web site: Nationalratswahlen: Vorzugsstimmen . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240119191451/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Vorzugsstimmen.aspx . 19 January 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Demokratiepaket soll Kluft zwischen Politik und Bürgern reduzieren . . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . 31 January 2013.
Web site: Bundesrat befürwortet Stärkung des Persönlichkeitswahlrechts . . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . 5 April 2013.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2019: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene und Landeswahlkreiseben . . 7 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211115124851/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2019/files/endgultiges_Gesamtergebnis_NRW19_16102019.xlsx . 15 November 2021 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2019: Oberösterreich - Regionalwahlkreis Mühlviertel . Bundeswahlen . . 27 September 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231029000542/https://www.bundeswahlen.gv.at/2019/4E.html . 29 October 2023 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2019: Broschüre Landeswahlvorschläge . . 13 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240225011649/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2019/files/NRW19_Vorzugsstimmen_Landes_Regionalparteiliste_16102019.pdf . 25 February 2024 . Vienna, Austria . 31-32 . de.
Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 27 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2017: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Landeswahlkreisebene und Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten . . 8 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211206233208/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2017/files/NRW17_endgueltiges_Gesamtergebnis.xlsx . 6 December 2021 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2017: Oberösterreich - Regionalwahlkreis Mühlviertel . Bundeswahlen . . 27 September 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240926202738/https://www.bundeswahlen.gv.at/2017/4E.html . 26 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2017: Landeswahlvorschläge - Landesparteilisten - Regionalparteilisten einschließlich erreichter Vorzugsstimmen . . 9 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230425122718/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2017/files/Vorzugsstimmen_Land_Regional.pdf . 25 April 2023 . Vienna, Austria . 39 . de.
Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 27 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2013: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Landeswahlkreisebene und Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten . . 8 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210129221519/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2013/files/NRW13_endgueltiges_Gesamtergebnis.xlsx . 29 January 2021 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2013: Oberösterreich - Regionalwahlkreis Mühlviertel . Bundeswahlen . . 27 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2013: Landeswahlvorschläge - Landesparteilisten - Regionalparteilisten einschließlich erreichter Vorzugsstimmen . . 13 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231205082043/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2013/files/Land_VZ_Broschuere_gesamt.pdf . 5 December 2023 . Vienna, Austria . 55-56 . de.
Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 27 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
XXV. Gesetzgebungsperiode: 7. Sitzung des Nationalrates der Republik Österreichh - Dienstag, 17. Dezember 2013 . Stenographisches Protokoll . 17 December 2013 . XXV . 7 . 17 . 27 September 2024 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20240715153728/https://www.parlament.gv.at/dokument/XXV/NRSITZ/7/fname_339842.pdf . 15 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2008: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Landeswahlkreisebene und Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten . . 16 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220228132617/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2008/files/Ergebnis_end.zip . 28 February 2022 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2008: Oberösterreich - Regionalwahlkreis Mühlviertel . Bundeswahlen . . 27 September 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240926160624/https://www.bundeswahlen.gv.at/2008/wk_4E.htm . 26 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2008: Erzielte Vorzugstimmen auf Regionalwahlkreisebene . . 13 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240225140442/https://bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2008/files/Vorzugsstimmen/NRW_08_VZ_Regional.pdf . 25 February 2024 . Vienna, Austria . 35 . de.
Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 27 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
XXIV. Gesetzgebungsperiode: 6. Sitzung des Nationalrates der Republik Österreich - Mittwoch, 3. Dezember 2008 . Stenographisches Protokoll . 3 December 2008 . XXIV . 6 . 21 . 27 September 2024 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20240715155418/https://www.parlament.gv.at/dokument/XXIV/NRSITZ/6/fname_146399.pdf . 15 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
XXIV. Gesetzgebungsperiode: 98. Sitzung des Nationalrates der Republik Österreich - Dienstag, 22. März 2011 . Stenographisches Protokoll . 22 March 2011 . XXIV . 98 . 26 . 27 September 2024 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20240422195722/https://www.parlament.gv.at/dokument/XXIV/NRSITZ/98/fname_213224.pdf . 22 April 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2006: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Regionalwahlkreisebene, Landeswahlkreisebene, Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten . . 9 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200717055718/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2006/files/NRW_06_EndergebnisE.xls . 17 July 2020 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2006: Mandatsspiegel . . 9 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210508075453/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2006/files/NRW_06_MandatsspiegelV.pdf . 8 May 2021 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2006: Erzielte Vorzugstimmen auf Regionalwahlkreisebene . . 9 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240620121319/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2006/files/NRW_06_VZ_RPL.pdf . 20 June 2024 . Vienna, Austria . 25 . de.
Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 27 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
XXIII. Gesetzgebungsperiode: 9. Sitzung des Nationalrates der Republik Österreich - Dienstag, 16., und Mittwoch, 17. Jänner 2007 . Stenographisches Protokoll . 17 January 2007 . XXIII . 9 . 17 . 27 September 2024 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20240715161241/https://www.parlament.gv.at/dokument/XXIII/NRSITZ/9/fname_075247.pdf . 15 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2002: Gesamtergebnis mit Wahlkartenergebnissen der Nationalratswahl 2002 . . 9 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220809190010/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2002/files/NRW02_E_DL.zip . 9 August 2022 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2002: Mandatsvergabe - Bundesgebiet - Hauptübersicht . . 9 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211010101810/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2002/files/NRW02_Brosch_Mandate_Bund.pdf . 10 October 2021 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2002: Erzielte Vorzugstimmen auf Regionalwahlkreisebene . . 9 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231129052307/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2002/files/Vorzug_E_Regional.pdf . 29 November 2023 . Vienna, Austria . 14-15 . de.
Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 27 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 1999: Ergebnis der Nationalratswahl 1999 . . 9 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220709132039/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1999/files/NRWergebnis1999.zip . 9 July 2022 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 1999: Erzielte Mandate . . 27 September 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240529191600/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1999/start.aspx#pk_04 . 29 May 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 1999: Vorzugsstimmen . . 9 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220731111116/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1999/files/NRW1999vorzugsstimmen.zip . 31 July 2022 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 27 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Book: Nationalratswahl vom 17. Dezember 1995 . 1996 . . Vienna, Austria . 216–221 . 14 August 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240620173624/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1995/files/nationalratswahl_17121995.pdf . 20 June 2024 . de.
Book: Nationalratswahl vom 17. Dezember 1995 . 1996 . . Vienna, Austria . 132 . 14 August 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240620173624/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1995/files/nationalratswahl_17121995.pdf . 20 June 2024 . de.
Book: Nationalratswahl vom 17. Dezember 1995 . 1996 . . Vienna, Austria . 31 . 14 August 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240620173624/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1995/files/nationalratswahl_17121995.pdf . 20 June 2024 . de.
Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 27 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
XX. Gesetzgebungsperiode: 72. Sitzung des Nationalrates der Republik Österreich - Dienstag, 6. Mai 1997 . Stenographisches Protokoll . 6 May 1997 . XX . 72 . 15 . 27 September 2024 . . Vienna, Austria . de.
Book: Index zu den Stenographischen Protokollen des Nationalrates und des Bundesrates für die Zeit der XX. Gesetzgebungsperiode des Nationalrates, das ist vom 15. Jänner 1996 bis 28. Oktober 1999 . 2011 . . Vienna, Austria . 27 September 2024 . de.
Book: Index zu den Stenographischen Protokollen des Nationalrates und des Bundesrates für die Zeit der XX. Gesetzgebungsperiode des Nationalrates, das ist vom 15. Jänner 1996 bis 28. Oktober 1999 . 2011 . . Vienna, Austria . 27 September 2024 . de.
Book: Nationalratswahl vom 9. Oktober 1994 . 1995 . . Vienna, Austria . 3-7046-0713-4 . 202–207 . 10 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211114072548/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1994/files/nationalratswahl_9101994.pdf . 14 November 2021 . de.
Book: Nationalratswahl vom 9. Oktober 1994 . 1995 . . Vienna, Austria . 3-7046-0713-4 . 132 . 10 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211114072548/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1994/files/nationalratswahl_9101994.pdf . 14 November 2021 . de.
Book: Nationalratswahl vom 9. Oktober 1994 . 1995 . . Vienna, Austria . 3-7046-0713-4 . 29 . 10 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211114072548/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1994/files/nationalratswahl_9101994.pdf . 14 November 2021 . de.
Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 27 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.