| Máximo Santos | |
| Office: | President of Uruguay |
| Term Start1: | 1 March 1882 |
| Term End1: | 1 March 1886 |
| Predecessor1: | Francisco Antonino Vidal |
| Successor1: | Francisco Antonino Vidal |
| Term Start2: | 24 May 1886 |
| Term End2: | 18 November 1886 |
| Predecessor2: | Francisco Antonino Vidal |
| Successor2: | Máximo Tajes |
| Birth Date: | 15 April 1847 |
| Birth Place: | Pando, Uruguay |
| Death Date: | 19 May 1889 |
| Death Place: | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Party: | Colorado Party |
Máximo Benito Santos Barbosa[1] (15 April 1847 – 19 May 1889) was a Uruguayan political and military figure.
Santos pursued a career in the military, prior to serving as Minister for War from 1880 to 1882. He was a member of the Colorado Party (Uruguay).
In 1882 Miguel Alberto Flangini Ximénez, who served briefly as acting President of Uruguay, stepped down from office.
Succeeding acting President Flangini, Santos served as President of Uruguay from 1882 until 1886.
Among Santos's lasting acts as President was the creation of the Flores Department in the interior of the country, named after assassinated former President of Uruguay General Venancio Flores, who hailed from the territory incorporated as a department.
He also in a measure repaired relations with Paraguay.
However, his administration was also widely criticized for failure to root out corruption.
Santos was succeeded as president by Francisco Antonino Vidal in 1886. Santos served as the President of the Senate of Uruguay in 1886.[2]
Subsequently, after relinquishing presidential office in 1886, Santos returned to exercise presidential powers for a number of months in 1886.
Santos was succeeded as president by his Colorado Party colleague Máximo Tajes, with whom, however, he had poor relations. Tajes was still exercising his presidential office at Santos's death.
Subsequent to the relinquishing of his presidential office for the second time, Santos travelled in Europe, and was unable to return to Uruguay.
Still aged in his early 40s, Santos died in exile in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1889.
Santos' magnificent residence in downtown Montevideo nowadays is the seat of the Ministry of Foreign Relations of Uruguay and is known as Palacio Santos. His country estate now houses the Museo de la Memoria, a state-owned museum dedicated to the victims of the Uruguayan dictatorship.