Bologna sausage explained

Bologna sausage, informally baloney,[1] is a sausage derived from the Italian mortadella, a similar-looking, finely ground pork sausage, named after the city of Bologna (pronounced as /it/). Typical seasonings for bologna include black pepper, nutmeg, allspice, celery seed and coriander, and, like mortadella, myrtle berries give it its distinctive flavor.[2]

Other common names include parizer[3] (Parisian sausage) in Hungary, Romania, and the countries of the former Yugoslavia; polony[4] in Zimbabwe, Zambia, South Africa and Western Australia; devon in most states of Australia; and fritz in South Australia.[5]

In North America, a simple and popular use is in the bologna sandwich. In the Southern United States, a bologna cake exists which is bologna slices layered with seasoned cream cheese to make the appearance of a cake.[6]

Variations

Aside from pork, "bologna" can be made out of chicken, turkey, beef, venison, a combination of meats, or soy protein.

U.S. bologna

U.S. government regulations require American bologna to be finely ground,[7] and without visible pieces of fat.

Lebanon bologna

Lebanon bologna is a Pennsylvania Dutch prepared meat. While called bologna, it is a cured, smoked and fermented semidry beef sausage similar to salami.

Polony

In the United Kingdom, Ireland and also Western Australia, a "polony" is a finely ground pork-and-beef sausage. The name, likely derived from "Bologna", has been in use since the 17th century. The modern product is usually cooked in a red or orange skin and is served as cold slices.[8]

In New Zealand "polony" is a type of cocktail sausage with pink or red artificially-coloured skin similar to, but much smaller than, a saveloy. Miniature polonies in New Zealand are called "Cheerios" and are eaten boiled.[9]

South African "polony" is similar to bologna in constitution and appearance, and is typically inexpensive. Large-diameter (artificially coloured) pink polonies are called "French polony", with thinner rolls referred to simply as "polony". Garlic polony is also widely available.[10]

In 2018 a South African factory that produced polony and other processed meats was associated with a listeriosis outbreak that killed approximately 216 people and sickened a further thousand.[11]

Rag bologna

Rag bologna is a long stick, or "chub", of high-fat bologna native to West Tennessee[12] and its surrounding area, unavailable elsewhere. It is traditionally sold wrapped in a cloth rag, and has a higher content of filler than that of regular bologna. Milk solids, flour, cereal, and spices are added during processing, and the roll of bologna is bathed in lactic acid before being coated in paraffin wax. It is generally eaten on white bread with mustard and pickles, but is also a staple of family gatherings, where thick slices are smoked and barbecued along with other meats.[13] In Newfoundland, a type of rag bologna referred to as "wax" bologna is sliced thickly and fried, which is referred to as "Newfie steak".[14]

Ring bologna

Ring bologna is much smaller in diameter than standard bologna. It is better suited for slicing and serving on crackers, either as a snack or hors d'oeuvre. It is generally sold as an entire link rather than sliced. The link is arranged as a semicircle or "ring" when prepared for sale (hence the name).[15] Pickled bologna is usually made from ring bologna soaked in vinegar and typical pickling spices.[16] It is usually served in chunks as a cold snack.

Vegetarian bologna

Various vegetarian and vegan versions of bologna are available. A typical UK recipe uses soy and wheat protein in place of lean meat and palm oil instead of fat together with starch, carrageenan, and flavorings. It can be eaten cold or cooked in the same ways as traditional bologna.[17]

See also

Notes and References

  1. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/baloney "baloney."
  2. News: 24 October 2013. What The Heck Is In Bologna, Anyway?. Huffington Post. 1 November 2014. 2 November 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141102031122/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/24/national-bologna-day-what-is-in_n_4151151.html. live.
  3. Web site: Bologna (Parizer) . 2022-04-23 . Muncan Food Corp . en-US . 9 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210509133717/http://www.muncanfoodcorp.com/muncan_product/bologna-parizer/ . live .
  4. Web site: Polony . 2022-04-23 . meatsandsausages.com . 9 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210509185758/https://www.meatsandsausages.com/sausage-recipes/cooked/uk/polony . live .
  5. Web site: Packer . Stephanie . 20 June 2014 . Is it fritz or devon? . heraldsun.com.au . 23 April 2022 . 23 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180523175616/http://www.heraldsun.com.au/leader/news/is-it-fritz-or-devon-potato-cake-or-scallop-australias-states-and-territories-each-have-unique-ways-of-saying-things-what-side-are-you-on/news-story/1c17af11fbb0d9f7a26716b56effbbcf . live .
  6. Web site: Benilyn . 2021-07-05 . Easy 3-Ingredient Bologna Cake . 2023-03-26 . IzzyCooking . en-CA.
  7. Web site: Hot Dogs and Food Safety. 20 March 2015. 10 March 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150310080514/http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/meat-preparation/hot-dogs-and-food-safety/CT_Index. live.
  8. Web site: Foods of England - Polony. www.foodsofengland.co.uk. 2019-03-04. 1 January 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190101100404/http://www.foodsofengland.co.uk/polony.htm. live.
  9. Web site: Butcher's secret to success is don't mess with a good recipe . 12 October 2015 . 13 February 2020 . 13 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200213024941/https://i.stuff.co.nz/life-style/food-wine/food-news/72947836/butchers-secret-to-success-is-dont-mess-with-a-good-recipe . live .
  10. Web site: Special Garlic Polony . 2022-04-23 . Eskort . en-ZA . 23 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220423064617/https://eskort.com/products/special-garlic-polony/ . live .
  11. Web site: Enterprise polony identified as source of listeria outbreak. Sunday Times. www.timeslive.co.za. Katharine. Child. 2018-03-04. 2020-06-14. 31 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210531005651/https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-03-04-breaking-enterprise-polony-identified-as-source-of-listeria-outbreak/. live.
  12. Web site: Fineberg Packing Co., Inc.. Fineberg Packing Co., Inc.. 17 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141217103740/http://finebergpacking.com/. 17 December 2014. dead.
  13. Rag Baloney. Oulton. Randal. 11 August 2004. CooksInfo.com. 14 August 2013. 14 July 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140714150709/http://www.cooksinfo.com/rag-baloney. live.
  14. Web site: 2020-05-08. Newfoundland Steak: An In-Depth Look at Bologna. 2021-06-04. Newfoundland Times. en-US. 4 June 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210604145744/https://newfoundlandtimes.ca/newfoundland-steak/. live.
  15. Web site: What is Ring Bologna. wiseGeek. 27 August 2014. 3 September 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140903103254/http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-ring-bologna.htm. live.
  16. http://www.seriouseats.com/2014/11/midwest-tradition-bologna-sandwich-ring-bologna-lunchmeat.html In the Midwest, Great Bologna Is a Way of Life
  17. Web site: Slicing Sausage / Bologna - Fry Family Food. 16 July 2016. 13 January 2016. 23 January 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160123031224/http://www.frysvegetarian.co.uk/product/slicing-sausage-polony/. live.

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