Lupinus albifrons, silver lupine, white-leaf bush lupine, or evergreen lupine, is a species of lupine (lupin). It is native to California and Oregon, where it grows along the coast and in dry and open meadows, prairies and forest clearings. It is a member of several plant communities, including coastal sage scrub, chaparral, northern coastal scrub, foothill woodland, and yellow pine forest.
Lupinus albifrons is a perennial shrub, taking up about 2feet of space and reaching 5feet. It has a light blue to violet flower on 3inches–12inchesin (–in) stalks. The leaves are silver with a feathery texture.[1] It grows in sandy to rocky places below 5000feet.[2]
This plant grows as a wildflower in the hills and valleys of California. It requires good drainage and needs little water once the roots are established.
The plant is deer-resistant due to the presence of the bitter-tasting alkaloid toxins anagyrine and lupinine.[3] Because of these toxins lupines can negatively affect livestock, causing birth defects and decreasing weight especially in young, inexperienced cattle. When cows are under stress from lactating, especially in times of low forage availability, they will consume more lupine than usual.
The federally endangered mission blue butterfly requires either Lupinus albifrons, Lupinus formosus and Lupinus variicolor, on which their larvae feed.[4] The butterfly becomes toxic itself when it feeds on the plant, leaving it with a bitter taste to deter predators.
Due to its potential danger to livestock, this lupine is removed from rangeland when possible, eliminating a crucial food plant from the butterfly's range.
Lupinus albifrons has six different varieties, four of which occur only in California, the other two occur in both California and Oregon:[5]