| Luna 22 | |||||||
| Mission Type: | Lunar orbiter | ||||||
| Operator: | Soviet space program | ||||||
| Cospar Id: | 1974-037A | ||||||
| Satcat: | 7315 | ||||||
| Spacecraft Bus: | Ye-8-LS | ||||||
| Manufacturer: | GSMZ Lavochkin | ||||||
| Launch Date: | UTC | ||||||
| Launch Rocket: | Proton-K/D | ||||||
| Launch Site: | Baikonur 81/24 | ||||||
| Deactivated: | Early | ||||||
| Orbit Reference: | Selenocentric | ||||||
| Orbit Periapsis: | 219km (136miles) | ||||||
| Orbit Apoapsis: | 222km (138miles) | ||||||
| Orbit Inclination: | 19.35 degrees | ||||||
| Orbit Period: | 130 minutes | ||||||
| Orbit Eccentricity: | 0.18 | ||||||
| Apsis: | selene | ||||||
| Interplanetary: |
| ||||||
| Programme: | Luna programme | ||||||
| Previous Mission: | Luna 21 | ||||||
| Next Mission: | Luna 23 | ||||||
Luna 22 (Ye-8-LS series) was an uncrewed space mission, part of the Soviet Luna program, also called Lunik 22.
Luna 22 was a lunar orbiter mission. The spacecraft carried imaging cameras and also had the objectives of studying the Moon's magnetic field, surface gamma ray emissions and composition of lunar surface rocks, and the gravitational field, as well as micrometeorites and cosmic rays. Luna 22 was launched into Earth parking orbit and then to the Moon. It was inserted into a circular lunar orbit on 2 June 1974. The spacecraft made many orbit adjustments over its 18-month lifetime in order to optimize the operation of various experiments, lowering the perilune to as little as 25 km.
Luna 22 was the second of two "advanced" lunar orbiters, the first of which being Luna 19 . The orbiter was designed to conduct extensive scientific surveys from orbit. Well in route to the Moon, Luna 20 had to perform a single mid-course correction on 30 May, and entered lunar orbit on 2 June 1974. When the orbiter first entered orbit of the Moon, it started at periapsis altitude at 219km (136miles) and apoapsis altitude as 222km (138miles), and an inclination of 19°35', these orbital parameters changed throughout its mission. Throughout the orbiters various orbital changes, Luna 22 had performed without any problems, and it continued to return photos fifteen months into its mission, past the conclusion of its primary mission, which had ended by 2 April 1975. The maneuvering propellant on the spacecraft was depleted on 2 September 1975, and the mission was formally concluded in early November 1975, following a highly successful mission.