Lule–Vilela languages explained

Lule–Vilela
Region:	northern Argentina
Familycolor:	American
Child1:	Lule-Tonocote
Child2:	Vilela
Glotto:	none
Map:	Lule-Vilelan languages.png

The two Lule–Vilela languages constitute a small, distantly related language family of northern Argentina. Kaufman found the relationship likely and with general agreement among the major classifiers of South American languages. Viegas Barros published additional evidence from 1996–2006. However, Zamponi (2008) considers Lule and Vilela each as language isolates, with similarities being due to contact.^[1]

Internal classification

Internal classification of the Lule–Vilela languages by Mason (1950):^[2]

• Lule–Vilela
  • Lule
    • Great Lule (of Miraflores, of Machoni)
    • Small Lule
      • Isistiné
      • Tokistiné
      • Oristiné
  • Vilela
    • Atalalá
    • Chunupí (Sinipé, Chulupí)
      • Yooc (Yoo, Wamalca)
      • Ocolé
      • Yecoanita
    • Pasain (Pazaine)
    • Omoampa (Umuapa)
    • Vacaa
    • Vilela
    • Ipa
    • Takete
    • Yoconoampa (Yecunampa)
    • Wamalca
    • (Malbalá ?)

Unclassfied languages are Tonocoté, Matará, and Guacará.^[2]

Vocabulary

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Lule, Vilela, and Chunupí.^[3]

gloss			Chunupí
one	alapea
two	tamop
three	tamlip
head	tokó	niskún	niskan
tooth	l'ú	lupé
water	to	má	maá
fire	ikue	nié	nié
sun	ini	oló	oló
moon		kopi	kokpi
star		tókxo
tree	é
maize	pilis
fish	peás
dog		huan-okol
jaguar		ikém	ikempé
black		kirimit

Proto-language

For reconstructions of Proto-Lule-Vilela by Viegas Barros (2006),^[4] see the corresponding Spanish article.

References

• Book: Viegas Barros , J. P. . Colección Folklore y Antropología, 4. 2001. Subsecretaría de Cultura, Dirección Provincial de Gestión Cultural. Santa Fe. Evidencias del parentesco de las lenguas lule y vilela. 15–21.
• Book: Adelaar , William F.H. . Willem Adelaar . Pieter C. Muysken . The Languages of the Andes. limited. 2004. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. 0-521-36275-X. 385–392.
• Book: Greenberg , Joseph . Joseph Greenberg. Ruhlen, Merritt. An Amerind Etymological Dictionary. 2008-06-27. 12. 2007-09-04. Dept. of Anthropological Sciences Stanford University. Stanford. https://web.archive.org/web/20101225141018/http://www.merrittruhlen.com/files/AED5.pdf. 2010-12-25. dead.

External links

• Alain Fabre. 2005. Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos. 'Lule–Vilela'

Notes and References

1. Zamponi, Raoul. 2008. Sulla fonologia e la rappresentazione ortografica del lule. Arte y vocabulario de la lengua Lule y Tonocoté, ed. by Antonio Maccioni, xxi–lviii. Cagliari: Centro di Studi Filogici Sardi.
2. Book: Mason, John Alden . John Alden Mason . 1950 . The languages of South America . Julian . Steward . Handbook of South American Indians . 6 . 157–317 . Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143 . Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office.
3. Book: Loukotka, Čestmír . Čestmír Loukotka . Classification of South American Indian languages . registration . UCLA Latin American Center . 1968 . Los Angeles. 63–65.
4. Viegas Barros, J. Pedro (2006). Proto-Lule-Vilela: Una Reconstrucción Fonológica Preliminar. Comisión “Lenguas Chaqueñas” del 52 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas. Sevilla (España): Universidad de Sevilla. 17-21 de julio de 2006.