Lufthansa Explained

Airline:Deutsche Lufthansa AG
Iata:LH
Icao:DLH
Callsign:LUFTHANSA
Frequent Flyer:Miles & More
Alliance:Star Alliance
Fleet Size:274
Parent:Lufthansa Group
Isin:DE0008232125
Destinations:229
Num Employees: 60,924 (2023)[1]
Headquarters:Cologne, Germany
Revenue: (2023)
Operating Income: (2023)
Net Income: (2023)
Assets: (2023)
Equity: (2023)

Deutsche Lufthansa AG (pronounced as /de/), or simply Lufthansa, is the flag carrier of Germany. When combined with its subsidiaries, it ranks second in Europe by passengers carried, as well as largest in Europe and fourth largest in the world by revenue.[2] [3] Lufthansa is also one of the five founding members of Star Alliance, which is the world's largest airline alliance, formed in 1997.[4] [5] Lufthansa was founded in 1953 and commenced operations in April 1955.

Besides operating flights under its own brand, the Lufthansa Group also owns several other airlines, including Austrian Airlines, Brussels Airlines, Discover Airlines, Eurowings and Swiss International Air Lines. The group also owns several aviation-related companies, including Global Load Control, Lufthansa Consulting, Lufthansa Flight Training, Lufthansa Systems and Lufthansa Technik.

The company was founded as Aktiengesellschaft für Luftverkehrsbedarf (often shortened to Luftag) on 6 January 1953 by staff of the former Deutsche Luft Hansa, Germany's national airline founded in 1926. While Deutsche Luft Hansa played a significant role in the development of commercial aviation in Germany, it was liquidated in 1951 due to its association with the Nazi regime during World War II. Luftag adopted the branding of the former flag carrier by acquiring the Luft Hansa name and logo in 1954.

Lufthansa's corporate headquarters are in Cologne.[6] The main operations base, called Lufthansa Aviation Center, is located at Frankfurt Airport, the airline's primary hub.[7] [8] It also maintains a secondary hub at Munich Airport, along with its Flight Operations Centre.[9]

History

1950s: Post-war (re-)formation

Lufthansa traces its history to 1926 when Deutsche Luft Hansa was formed in Berlin by the merger of Deutscher Aero Lloyd, the world´s sixth-oldest airline, and Junkers Luftverkehr.[10] Deutsche Luft Hansa was Germany's flag carrier until 1945 when all services were terminated following the defeat of Nazi Germany. Deutsche Luft Hansa was liquidated in 1951 due to its connections with the Nazi government. The airline's use of forced labor and housing laborers on the site of Berlin Tempelhof Airport during this period remains a dark stain on its history.[11] [12]

In an effort to create a new national airline, a company called Aktiengesellschaft für Luftverkehrsbedarf (Luftag) was founded in the city of Cologne in West Germany on 6 January 1953, with many of its staff having worked for the pre-war Deutsche Luft Hansa, including some with ties to the Nazi regime.[13] [14]

West Germany had not yet been granted full sovereignty over its airspace, so it was not known when the new airline could become operational. Nevertheless, in 1953, Luftag placed orders for four Convair CV-340 and four Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellations aircraft and set up a maintenance base at Hamburg Airport. On 6 August 1954, Luftag acquired the name and logo of the liquidated Deutsche Lufthansa for (equivalent to € today), thus continuing the tradition of a German flag carrier with that name.

On 1 April 1955, Lufthansa won approval to commence operation of scheduled domestic flights. The airline's initial network linked Hamburg, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Cologne, and Munich.[15] International flights started on 15 May 1955, to London, Paris, and Madrid,[16] followed by Super Constellation flights to New York City from 1 June of that year, and across the South Atlantic from August 1956.

However, the political realities of the time presented challenges to the airline. The United States, Soviet Union, Britain and France did not allow Lufthansa to fly to any part of the divided Berlin during the division of Germany.[17] [18] The airline had hoped this would only be a temporary matter and planned to move its headquarters and primary hub back to the German capital once the political situation changed, plans that ultimately never came to fruition. Instead, Lufthansa turned Frankfurt Airport into its primary hub in 1958.

The airline also embarked on a marketing campaign to encourage travelers to consider visiting West Germany as it rebuilt in the wake of World War II and to use its hub to connect to other locations across Europe. By 1963, the airline, initially limited in its public relations efforts, had become a major purveyor of West Germany's image abroad.[19]

During this time, East Germany attempted to establish its own "Lufthansa" airline in 1955, but legal challenges from the West German carrier led to its abandonment.  East Germany subsequently launched Interflug as its national carrier in 1963.[20]

1960s: Introduction of jetliners

Lufthansa embraced the jet age in 1958 by ordering four Boeing 707 aircraft. This marked a significant leap forward, allowing them to launch jet flights between Frankfurt and New York City in March 1960. To further bolster their jet fleet, Boeing 720B aircraft (a 707 derivative for shorter flights from shorter runways) were later acquired.

Lufthansa's network continued to expand throughout the early 1960s. In February 1961, their Far East routes extended beyond Bangkok to include Hong Kong and Tokyo. Africa saw additions in 1962 with Lagos, Nigeria, and Johannesburg, South Africa joining the network.

Innovation continued with the introduction of the Boeing 727 in 1964. This enabled Lufthansa to launch a pioneering Polar route from Frankfurt to Tokyo via Anchorage in May of that year. Further expansion plans were solidified in February 1965 with the order of twenty-one Boeing 737 aircraft, entering service in 1968.Lufthansa's role in Boeing's history is noteworthy. They hold the distinction of being the first customer for the Boeing 737 and one of only four buyers of the initial 737-100 model (alongside NASA, Malaysia-Singapore Airlines, and Avianca). Interestingly, while NASA technically had the first built 737 airframe, it was ultimately delivered last and originally intended for Lufthansa, making them the first foreign launch customer for a Boeing airliner.

1970s–1980s: The wide-body era

The wide-body era for Lufthansa started with a Boeing 747 flight on 26 April 1970. It was followed by the introduction of the DC-10-30 on 12 November 1973, and the first Airbus A300 in 1976. In 1979, Lufthansa and Swissair became launch customers for the Airbus A310 with an order for twenty-five aircraft.

The company's fleet modernization programme for the 1990s began on 29 June 1985, with an order for fifteen Airbus A320s and seven Airbus A300-600s. Ten Boeing 737-300s were ordered a few days later. All were delivered between 1987 and 1992. Lufthansa also bought Airbus A321, Airbus A340, and Boeing 747-400 aircraft.

In 1987, Lufthansa, together with Air France, Iberia, and Scandinavian Airlines, founded Amadeus, an IT company (also known as a GDS) that would enable travel agencies to sell the founders and other airlines' products from a single system.

Lufthansa adopted a new corporate identity in 1988. The fleet was given a new livery, while cabins, city offices, and airport lounges were redesigned.

1990s–2000s: Further expansion

Following German reunification on 3 October 1990, Lufthansa swiftly reintegrated Berlin into its network, marking the city's return as a key destination within 25 days.

The mid-1990s saw a period of strategic restructuring for Lufthansa. This involved the establishment of independent operating companies within the Lufthansa Group, specializing in areas like maintenance (Lufthansa Technik), cargo (Lufthansa Cargo), and information technology (Lufthansa Systems). Over time, the group further expanded through the addition of LSG Sky Chefs (catering), Condor (leisure travel), and Lufthansa CityLine (regional operations).[21]

Lufthansa joined Air Canada, Scandinavian Airlines, Thai Airways International, and United Airlines to form Star Alliance on 18 May 1997, the world's first multilateral airline alliance.

Lufthansa actively addressed its historical legacy during this period. In 1999, the airline participated in a German initiative aimed at resolving wartime misdeeds, acknowledging the use of forced labor by its predecessor, Deutsche Luft Hansa. As part of the initiative, Lufthansa also reportedly paid tens of millions German marks.[22] Additionally, a historical study was commissioned to shed light on this aspect of the company's past. However, Lufthansa was criticized for not the resulting study for more than a decade.

The early 2000s witnessed Lufthansa demonstrate remarkable resilience in the face of industry challenges. Despite significant industry losses following the 11 September attacks, the airline maintained profitability and strategically avoided workforce reductions.[23] Lufthansa became the launch customer for the Connexion by Boeing in-flight internet connectivity in 2004.[24]

Lufthansa further solidified its position as a major European airline group through strategic acquisitions. The acquisitions of Swiss International Air Lines in 2005, Brussels Airlines (staged between 2009 and 2017),[25] [26] [27] and Austrian Airlines in 2009[28] expanded the group's reach and network capabilities.

At the end of the 2000s, Lufthansa made a large commitment to very large aircraft, introducing the first of 14 Airbus A380 in 2010 and becoming the becoming the launch customer for the Boeing 747-8I in 2012, eventually purchasing 19 of the type.[29]

2010s: Losses and strikes

After a loss of 298 million euros in the first quarter of 2010 and another 13 million loss in the year 2011 due to the economic recession and restructuring costs, Deutsche Lufthansa AG cut 3,500 administrative positions or around 20 percent of the clerical total of 16,800.[30] In 2012, Lufthansa announced a restructuring program called SCORE to improve its operating profit. As a part of the restructuring plan, the company started to transfer all short-haul flights outside its hubs in Frankfurt, Munich, and Düsseldorf to the company's re-branded low-cost carrier Germanwings.[31]

In September 2013, Lufthansa Group announced its biggest order, for 59 wide-body aircraft valued more than 14 billion euros at list prices. Earlier in the same year, Lufthansa placed an order for 100 next-generation narrow-body aircraft.[32]

The group has had a long-standing dispute with the Vereinigung Cockpit union, which has advocated for a system in which pilots can retire at the age of 55, and 60% of their pay be retained. Lufthansa pilots were joined by pilots from the group's budget carrier Germanwings to stage a nationwide strike in support of their demands in April 2014 which lasted three days. The pilots staged a six-hour strike at the end of the summer holidays in September 2014, which caused the cancellation of 200 Lufthansa flights and 100 Germanwings flights.[33]

During the course of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, part of the fleet was branded "Fanhansa".[34]

In November 2014, Lufthansa signed an outsourcing deal worth $1.25 billion with IBM that will see the US company take over the airline's IT infrastructure services division and staff.[35]

In June 2015, Lufthansa announced plans to close its small long-haul base at Düsseldorf Airport for economic reasons by October 2015. At the time, the base consisted of two Airbus A340-300s rotating between Newark and Chicago. As a result, service to Chicago from Düsseldorf was first made seasonal, suspended for the winter 2015 season, and then canceled altogether.[36] Service to Newark, however, was initially maintained. From the winter 2015 schedule through the end of the winter 2016 schedule, Düsseldorf was served by aircraft which also flew the Munich-Newark route. The Düsseldorf-Newark route ended on 30 November 2018, which was operated with an Airbus A330-300 aircraft.[37] Their base was officially closed in March 2019.[38] [39]

On 22 March 2016, Lufthansa ended Boeing 737-500 operations.[40] The airline's last Boeing 737 (a 737-300) was retired on 29 October 2016, after a flight from Milan to Frankfurt. Lufthansa operated the 737 in several variants for almost 50 years, the first aircraft having been delivered on 27 December 1967.[41]

On 4 December 2017, Lufthansa became the first European airline to receive the Skytrax 5-star certification.[42] As stated by Skytrax, a key factor in the positive rating was the announcement of a new Business Class cabin and seating that was expected to be introduced in 2020.[43] While this makes Lufthansa the 10th airline to be holding this award, in reality the 5th star was given to a product that was supposed to be introduced two years after the evaluation.[44] In celebration, Lufthansa painted an Airbus A320 and a Boeing 747-8 in the "5 Starhansa" livery.[45]

In March 2018, Lufthansa and other airlines like British Airways and American Airlines accepted a request from Beijing to list Taiwan as part of China.[46]

In March 2019, Lufthansa ordered 20 Boeing 787-9 and an additional 20 Airbus A350-900 for its own and the group's fleet replacement and expansion. Also, the airline announced it would sell six A380 aircraft back to Airbus, beginning in 2022.

2020s: COVID-19 pandemic and recovery

On 19 March 2020, Lufthansa cancelled 95 percent of all flights due to a travel ban because of the COVID-19 pandemic.[47] Consequently, the airline incurred losses of 1 million euros per hour by April 2020. While Lufthansa reduced its costs throughout 2020, continuing health risks and travel restrictions still caused hourly losses of approximately 500,000 euros on average at the beginning of 2021.

On 14 May, Lufthansa Group announced that it planned to operate 1,800 weekly flights by the end of June. The company's recovery plans involved high-density cargo to replace paying customers.[48] All Lufthansa Group required all passengers to wear a mask while aboard.

On 25 June, Deutsche Lufthansa AG shareholders accepted a bailout, consisting of capital measures and the participation of the Economic Stabilisation Fund (WSF) of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy.[49] [50] [51] [52] The measures, which passed after initial opposition by principal shareholder Heinz Hermann Thiele, gave the government a 20% stake in the airline.[53] [54] [55]

In January 2021, Lufthansa CEO Spohr announced that the entire currently stored Airbus A340-600 fleet will be retired with immediate effect and not return to service anymore.[56] This decision was later overturned, with several A340-600 aircraft returning to service in 2021 after several months in storage. In June 2021, Lufthansa said it wants to repay state aid it received during the pandemic before Germany's federal election in September 2021 if possible.[57] Also in June 2021, Lufthansa said it would change its communications to adopt a more gender-neutral and inclusive language. It will remove greetings such as "Ladies and Gentlemen".[58]

In January 2022, Lufthansa admitted it had operated over 18,000 empty flights to keep airport slots during the pandemic.[59]

In March 2022, Lufthansa originally confirmed that its entire Airbus A380 fleet would be retired, having been in storage since early 2020.[60] This decision was reversed in June 2022, with plans to now return up to five aircraft from storage by 2023 to be based at Munich Airport. There is also an option to return all remaining eight A380 back to service by 2024, as six of formerly 14 have already been sold.[61]

In May 2022, Skytrax demoted Lufthansa from its aforementioned 5-star rating which it held since 2017 as the first European carrier to do so, to an overall 4-star rating.[62]

In 2023, the airline was affected by an IT glitch, leaving thousands of passengers stranded around the world. According to the German air traffic control agency, the airlines flights were redirected from Frankfurt to other airports due to an IT glitch. The issue was reportedly caused after construction work cut through fiber optic cables in the city.[63] [64]

In May 2023, Lufthansa Group announced an agreement with the Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) to acquire a 41 per cent stake in ITA Airways. Part of the agreement allows Lufthansa to acquire the remaining shares at a later date. In May 2024, Lufthansa rolled out a new safety video in line with the Allegris launch. [65]

Corporate affairs

Ownership

Lufthansa was a state-owned enterprise until 1994.[66] Deutsche Lufthansa AG shares have been publicly traded on all German stock exchanges since 1966. In addition to floor trading, it is also traded electronically using the Xetra system. It is a DAX index share and is listed in the Frankfurt Stock Exchange's Prime Standard.[67] At the end of 2019, the shareholders' register showed that German investors held 67.3% of the shares (previous year: 72.1%). The second-largest group, with 10.4%, was shareholders from Luxembourg. Investors from the US accounted for 8.1%, followed by Ireland and the United Kingdom, each with 3.6%. This ensures compliance with the provisions of the German Aviation Compliance Documentation Act (LuftNaSiG). As of the reporting date, 58% of the shares were held by institutional investors (previous year: 53%), and 42% were held by private individuals (previous year: 47%). Lansdowne Partners International Ltd. and BlackRock, Inc. were the largest shareholders in the Lufthansa Group at year-end, with 4.9% and 3.1% respectively. All the transactions requiring disclosure and published during the financial year 2019, as well as the quarterly updates on the shareholder structure, are available online. During the 2020 COVID crisis Heinz Hermann Thiele increased his stake to more than 12%; he died a few months later. The free float for Lufthansa shares was 67% in 2020, as per the definition of the Deutsche Börse.

German government bail-out

The German government offered a €9 billion bailout to support the airline through COVID-19 induced economic issues. With this bailout, the government's stake in the airline increased to 20%, and also granted it board seats, while diluting existing shareholder stakes. The shareholders of the company approved the bailout on Thursday, 26 June, offering the airline a fresh lease of life.[68]

Business trends

Key business and operating results of the Lufthansa Group for recent years are shown below (as at year ending 31 December):[69]

Turnover
(€ b)		Net
profit/loss
(€ b)		Number of
employees
(k)		Number of
passengers
(m)		Passenger
load factor
(%)		Cargo load
factor
(%)		Number of
aircraft		Notes/
references
200922.2−0.0411777.377.960.6722[70]
201027.31.111791.279.368.0710
201128.711610077.666.8636
201230.10.9911710378.866.9627
201330.00.3111810479.869.1622
201430.00.0511810680.169.9615
201532.01.612010780.466.3602
201631.61.712410979.166.6617[71]
201735.52.312913080.969.3728
201835.52.113514181.566.6763
201936.41.213814582.661.4763
202013.511036.463.269.6757
202116.810546.961.671.4713[72]
202232.70.7910910179.860.3710[73]
202330.81.696.612282.956.4721[74]
The key trends for the airline Lufthansa are (as at year ending 31 December):
Turnover
(€ b)		Operating
profit
(€ b)		Number of
employees		Number of
passengers
(m)		Passenger
load factor
(%)		Number of
aircraft		Notes/
references
201615.41.634,12662.479.1350
201716.42.133,77965.881.6357
201815.81.734,75469.881.3351
201916.61.139,58272.482.5364
20204.137,74117.962.1421
20215.035,73823.560.3389
202213.134,40851.779.9386
202316.10.8636,70760.282.4381

Headquarters

Lufthansa's corporate headquarters are in Cologne. In 1971, Lawrence Fellows of The New York Times described the then-new headquarters building that Lufthansa occupied in Cologne as "gleaming".[75] In 1986, left-wing terrorists bombed the building.[76] No one was injured.[77] In 2006, builders laid the first stone of the new Lufthansa headquarters in Deutz, Cologne. By the end of 2007, Lufthansa planned to move 800 employees, including the company's finance department, to the new building.[78] However, in early 2013, Lufthansa revealed plans to relocate its head office from Cologne to Frankfurt by 2017.[79]

Several Lufthansa departments are not at the headquarters; instead, they are in the Lufthansa Aviation Center at Frankfurt Airport. These departments include Corporate Communications and Investor Relations.[80] [81] The innovative high-tech and low-energy Aviation Center with a transparent facade and several indoor gardens was designed by Christoph Ingenhoven.[82]

Airline subsidiaries

In addition to its main passenger operation, Lufthansa has several airline subsidiaries, including:

Wholly owned by Lufthansa

Partly owned by Lufthansa

Former

Other subsidiaries

In addition to the airlines mentioned above, Lufthansa maintains further aviation affiliated subsidiaries:

Branding

The Lufthansa logo, an encircled stylised crane in flight, was first created in 1918 by Otto Firle. It was part of the livery of the first German airline, Deutsche Luft-Reederei (abbreviated DLR), which began air service on 5 February 1919. In 1926, Deutsche Luft Hansa adopted this symbol, and in 1954, Lufthansa expressed continuity by adopting it and later in 1963 – a variant thereof as redesigned by Robert Lisovskyi.

The original creator of the name Lufthansa is believed to be F.A. Fischer von Puturzyn. In 1925, he published a book entitled "Luft-Hansa" which examined the options open to aviation policymakers at the time. Luft Hansa was the name given to the new airline, which resulted from the merger of Junkers' airline (Luftverkehr AG) and Deutscher Aero Lloyd.[88]

After World War II, the company kept blue and yellow as its main colours and the crane logo. Since the beginning of the 1960s, Helvetica was used for the company name in the livery. The 1970s retro livery featured the top half of the fuselage painted in all-white on top and the lower fuselage (bottom half, including the engines) was gray/silver aluminium, below a blue cheatline window band and a black painted nose. The crane logo was painted blue on the engines, on the bottom half of the fuselage just below the cockpit windows, and a yellow circle inside a blue band on the tail.

German designer Otl Aicher created a comprehensive corporate design for the airline in 1967. The crane logo was now always displayed in a circle which, on the livery, was yellow on an otherwise blue tailfin. Helvetica was used as the main typeface for both the livery and publications. The blue band and general paint scheme of the aircraft were retained from the previous livery.

Aicher's concept was retained in the 1988 design. The window band was removed, and the fuselage was painted in grey.

In 2018, Lufthansa changed their livery. The encircled crane was retained, and the background changed from yellow to dark blue. The vertical stabilizer and the rear fuselage were painted in dark blue, and the tail cone remained white. The main fuselage was painted in all white, and the brand name "Lufthansa" was painted above the windows, also in dark blue.

The company slogan is 'Say yes to the world.'[89]

Alliances and partnerships

Commercial

Lufthansa bought a 19% stake in JetBlue Airways in December 2007 and entered a code-sharing agreement with the airline. It was the first major investment by a European carrier in an American carrier since the EU–U.S. Open Skies Agreement came into effect in 2008. Lufthansa sold its stake in JetBlue in March 2015.

In late 2007, Lufthansa Cargo was forced to relocate a hub from Kazakhstan to Russia.

On 28 August 2008, Lufthansa and Brussels Airlines announced that they were negotiating a merger.[90]

Lufthansa acquired a 45% stake in Brussels Airlines in 2009. It has an option to acquire the remaining 55% by 2017. As a part of the deal, Brussels Airlines joined Star Alliance in December 2009.[91] [92] [93]

On 28 October 2008, Lufthansa exercised its option to purchase a further 60% share in BMI (in addition to the 20% Lufthansa already owned), this resulted in a dispute with the former owner Sir Michael Bishop. Both parties reached an agreement at the end of June 2009, and the acquisition took place with effect from 1 July 2009.[94] Lufthansa acquired the remaining 20% from Scandinavian Airlines on 1 November 2009, taking complete control of BMI.[95]

Lufthansa completed the purchase of Austrian Airlines from the Austrian government in January 2009.

In 2010, Lufthansa was named in a European Commission investigation into price-fixing, but was not fined because it acted as a whistleblower.[96]

In April 2012, Lufthansa completed the sale of BMI to International Airlines Group (IAG), owner of British Airways and Iberia for £172.5 million.

In July 2012, a Qantas–Lufthansa Technik maintenance deal for Tullamarine airport fell through due to having insufficient engine maintenance work to support the partnership. This resulted in 164 engineers being made redundant. This followed just months after the closing of heavy maintenance operations, which resulted in 400 additional job losses. It was announced that the Lufthansa Technik–Qantas partnership would end in September.[97]

Lufthansa also coordinates scheduling and ticket sales on transatlantic flights with Air Canada and United Airlines (as do Brussels Airlines, Swiss and Austrian Airlines). Lufthansa (with Swiss and Austrian Airlines) cooperates similarly with ANA on flights to Japan. Both ventures required the approval of competition authorities.

Technology

Until April 2009, Lufthansa inventory and departure control systems, based on Unisys, were managed by LH Systems. Lufthansa reservations systems were outsourced to Amadeus in the early 1990s. Following a decision to outsource all components of the Passenger Service System, the functions were outsourced to the Altéa platform managed by Amadeus.

Since 2007 Lufthansa Systems, the IT services provider branch of the group relies on solutions by Actian, such as Ingres database and the OpenROAD platform, to power its Lido/FlightPlanning solution, which is used by around 300 commercial airlines across the world for flight planning.[98] [99]

Lufthansa Cargo, the cargo airline subsidiary of Lufthansa, uses Zeenea Data Discovery Platform as their data catalog solution.[100] Zeenea is a french metadata management startup founded in Paris in 2017.[101] On August 8, 2024, HCLSoftware announced intent to acquire Zeenea for 24 million euros, which is expected to continue operating as an independent unit under Actian, their data & analytics division.[102] [103]

Partner airlines

Lufthansa describes Luxair and LATAM as partner airlines. The partnerships mainly involve code-sharing and recognition of each other's frequent flier programmes.

Sponsorships

Lufthansa sponsors Bundesliga club Eintracht Frankfurt.[104] The Lufthansa Group also sponsors the German Sports Aid Foundation to promote its sociopolitical goals and the athletes it sponsors.[105]

Lufthansa Group

Lufthansa Group is a group of airlines owned by Lufthansa, namely Brussels Airlines, Swiss International Air Lines, Edelweiss (owned by Swiss International Air Lines), Air Dolomiti, Austrian Airlines, Lufthansa Cargo, Lufthansa CityLine, Eurowings, Discover Airlines, Germanwings (until 2020), and, plans to take a stake in ITA Airways. Lufthansa is also considering buying SAS Scandinavian Airlines and the Portuguese airline TAP Portugal. Lufthansa attempted to buy TAP Portugal in 2019 but the deal fell through as a result of COVID-19. All Lufthansa Group members are also members of the Star Alliance. Lufthansa Group is the second-largest airline group in Europe by passengers, carrying 93 million in 2022.

Acquisition of ITA Airways

On 30 March 2023, Lufthansa CEO Carsten Spohr visited ITA Airways headquarters in Rome to negotiate a deal to buy the Italian airline. According to news agency Reuters, negotiations will start at around €200 million for 40% of the airline, with Lufthansa wanting an option to buy the entire airline from the Italian finance ministry.[106] On 24 April, the negotiation deadline ended without an agreement made. Both parties stated that negotiations were nearly finished, so they would continue negotiating until 12 May.[107] This date was once again postponed with both parties saying that negotiations are "On a good way."[108] At the meeting of G7 leaders in Hiroshima in May 2022, the topic was discussed between the German and Italian leaders. They had talked about "rising the synergies between the industry of the two countries."[109] On 25 May, a deal was finally signed, with Lufthansa paying €325 million for 41% of the airline. Lufthansa also has an option to buy the rest of the company; if this happens, this price will comply with the airline's profit. As part of the deal, Rome becomes a hub of the Lufthansa Group, with Milan also being considered.[110]

Destinations

Codeshare agreements

Lufthansa codeshares with the following airlines:[111] [112]

LH Part of the Lufthansa Group.

Fleet

See main article: Lufthansa fleet.

Aircraft naming conventions

In September 1960, a Lufthansa Boeing 707 (D-ABOC), which would serve the Frankfurt-New York intercontinental route, was christened Berlin after the divided city of Berlin by then-mayor Willy Brandt. Following Berlin, other Lufthansa 707 planes were named "Hamburg", "Frankfurt", "München", and "Bonn". With these names, the company established a tradition of naming the planes in its fleet after German cities and towns or federal states, with a rule of thumb that the aeroplane make, size, or route would correspond roughly to the relative size or importance of the city or town it was named after.

This tradition continued, with two notable exceptions, until 2010: The first was an Airbus A340-300 registered D-AIFC, named "Gander/Halifax", after two Canadian cities along the standard flight path from Europe to North America. It became the first Lufthansa aeroplane named after a non-German city. The name commemorates the hospitality of the communities of Gander and Halifax, which served as improvised safe havens for the passengers and crew of the multitude of international aircraft unable to return to their originating airports during Operation Yellow Ribbon after the September 11, 2001 attacks. The other aircraft not named after a German city was an Airbus A321-100 registered as D-AIRA, which was designated Finkenwerder in honor of the Airbus facility in the district of Hamburg-Finkenwerder,[124] where about 40% of Airbus narrowbody models are manufactured.

In February 2010, Lufthansa announced that its first two Airbus A380s would be named Frankfurt am Main (D-AIMA) and München (D-AIMB) after Lufthansa's two hub airports. Subsequent A380 aircraft were named after other Lufthansa Group hub airports Zürich, Wien (Vienna) and Brüssel (Brussels) and the major German cities of Düsseldorf and Berlin. The remaining A380s were named after Star Alliance hub cities Tokyo, Beijing, Johannesburg, New York, San Francisco and Delhi. However, D-AIMN San Francisco was renamed Deutschland (Germany) in 2014.

As of 2014, there are several short- and long-haul aircraft in Lufthansa's fleet that do not bear any name. They either never received one or their former one has been given to a newer aircraft, which was the case for several Boeing 747-400s. For example, the former Bayern (Bavaria), a Boeing 747-400 still in active service, lost that name to a new Boeing 747-8I.

Vintage aircraft restoration

Lufthansa Technik, the airline's maintenance arm, restored a Junkers Ju 52/3m built in 1936 to airworthiness; this aircraft was in use on the 10-hour Berlin to Rome route, across the Alps, in the 1930s. Lufthansa is now restoring a Lockheed Super Constellation, using parts from three such aircraft bought at auctions. Lufthansa's Super Constellations and L1649 "Starliners" served routes such as Hamburg-Madrid-Dakar-Caracas-Santiago. Lufthansa Technik recruits retired employees and volunteers for skilled labour.[125] [126]

Airbus A380

Lufthansa had initially ordered a total of 15 Airbus A380-800, of which by June 2012 ten were delivered. In September 2011, the order was increased by two more to 17, this order was confirmed on 14 March 2013. However, in September 2013 it was announced that the Lufthansa Supervisory Board had approved the purchase of only twelve of the first 15 A380s. Thus, a total of 14 A380s have been added to the fleet.

Lufthansa uses its A380s from and to Frankfurt am Main (9 aircraft) and since March 2018 to and from Munich as well (5 aircraft). From 6 to 12 December 2011, Lufthansa already used an A380 once a day on the route from Munich to New York-JFK. This happened mainly against the backdrop of Christmas shopping in New York City.

On 13 March 2019, Lufthansa announced that it will be removing 6 A380 aircraft from the fleet and replacing them with Boeing 787-9 and Airbus A350-900 aircraft.[127] Those six aircraft were sold back to Airbus for €315 million, and all will have exited the fleet by November 2023. It was later disclosed the sale price was reduced to €302 million because five of the six A380-800s sustained storm damage, which was not covered by insurance while stored.[128]

On 8 March 2020, Lufthansa announced that it would be grounding all of its A380 aircraft due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[129] [130]

Lufthansa announced on 27 June 2022 that the remaining fleet of eight A380s will be reactivated and brought back into service for the 2023 summer season.[131] The stronger than anticipated customer demand and quicker recovery of international travel from the pandemic is cited as one of two reasons.[132] The other reason is the persistent delay of Boeing 777-9 delivery, which Lufthansa would not receive until 2025 or later. Lufthansa is still assessing how many and which A380 will be reactivated and which route the A380 will serve again.[133] On 2 December 2022, Lufthansa reactivated the first of two A380s to be entered into the revenue service beginning in the summer 2023. The first A380 to be reactivated was a nine-year-old D-AIMK, which left Teruel Airport for Frankfurt Airport after three years of storage. Since the A380 was inactive for a long time, the landing gears weren't retracted during the flight out of fear that they might not be deployed again. The A380 flew at slower speed and lower altitude, lasting three hours. After the preparatory evaluation and minor repair in Frankfurt, the A380 departed for Lufthansa Technik in Manila, Philippines for the extensive maintenance and replacement work.

Lufthansa has announced the A380 will begin its revenue flights from Munich to Boston Logan on 1 June and to New York-JFK on 4 July, as well as routes to Los Angeles and Bangkok beginning in October.[134]

On 1 June 2023, Lufthansa's A380 made its return, with a flight from Munich to Boston, that lasted 7 hours and 22 minutes.

On 23 October 2023, Lufthansa reinstated D-AIMN into flying commercially again and its first flight was from Munich to New York JFK. Currently, 4 A380s are being commercially flown by Lufthansa.

Services

Frequent-flyer programme

Lufthansa's frequent-flyer programme is called Miles & More, and is shared among several European airlines, including all of Lufthansa's subsidiary airlines (excluding the SunExpress joint ventures), plus Condor (formerly owned by Lufthansa), Croatia Airlines, LOT Polish Airlines, and Luxair (previously part-owned by Lufthansa).[135] Miles & More members may earn miles on Lufthansa flights and Star Alliance partner flights, as well as through Lufthansa credit cards, and purchases made through the Lufthansa shops. Status within Miles & More is determined by miles flown during one calendar year with specific partners. Membership levels include: Miles & More member (no minimal threshold), Frequent Traveller (Silver, 35000miles threshold or 30 individual flights), Senator (Gold, 100000miles threshold), and HON Circle (Black, 600000miles threshold over two calendar years). All Miles & More status levels higher than Miles & More member offer lounge access and executive bonus miles, with the higher levels offering more exclusive benefits.[136]

Cabins

First Class

First Class is offered on Airbus A340-600s, the front of the upper deck on Airbus A380s, and the nose of the main deck on Boeing 747-8s. Each seat converts to a bed, includes laptop power outlets, as well as entertainment facilities. Meals are available on demand. Lufthansa offers dedicated First Class check-in counters at most airports, and offers dedicated First Class lounges in Frankfurt and Munich, as well as a dedicated first-class terminal in Frankfurt. Arriving passengers have the option of using Lufthansa's First Class arrival facilities, as well as the new Welcome Lounge. Lufthansa introduced a new First Class product aboard the Airbus A380 and planned to gradually introduce it on all of its long-haul aircraft.[137] However, with the new program SCORE, introduced to boost profits by 1.5 billion euros over the following years, Lufthansa halted route expansion and extensively decreased its First Class offerings on most routes.[138] [139] In October 2022, a new suite style First Class product was unveiled, and will be introduced on new A350 deliveries in 2023. In 2017 the airline announced that its first few Boeing 777-9s would not include First Class seats, however, First Class could be installed on later deliveries.[140] the only remaining First Class seats Lufthansa offered were on its Boeing 747-8Is, with 10 Airbus A350-900s with First Class seats [141] [142]

Business Class

Business Class is offered on all long-haul aircraft. Seats convert to lie-flat beds and include laptop power outlets and entertainment facilities.[143] Lufthansa offers dedicated Business Class check-in counters at all airports, as well as dedicated Business Class lounges at most airports, or contract lounges at other airports, as well as the Lufthansa Welcome Lounge upon arrival in Frankfurt. As of 2014, Business Class on all widebody aircraft feature lie-flat seats.[144] Lufthansa released plans for a new business class set to be released in 2023 on the Boeing 787-9 and Airbus A350, and will retrofit the rest of the fleet in the coming years.[145]

Premium Economy

Introduced in 2014,[146] Lufthansa's long-haul Premium Economy was rolled out on all long-haul aircraft, starting with some Boeing 747-8Is. Similar in design to Air Canada's Premium Economy or British Airways' World Traveller Plus cabins, Premium Economy features 38inches pitch along with up to more width than economy class, depending on the aircraft. The seats also feature an 11inchesor12inchesin (orin) personal seat-back entertainment screen and a larger armrest separating seats. Along with the planned introduction of the Boeing 777-9X, the airline plans to add a new Premium Economy cabin with a "shell" design. These seats are also to be installed on SWISS' Boeing 777-300ERs and Airbus A340-300s from the first and second quarter of 2021, respectively.[147]

Bus service

A bus service from Nuremberg Airport to Munich Airport was reinstated in 2021 to replace short-haul flights between the two cities.[148] Lufthansa operated a check-in point in Nuremberg and a bus service from Nuremberg to Munich Airport in the late 1990s.[149]

Accidents and incidents

This is a list of accidents and incidents involving Lufthansa mainline aircraft since 1956. For earlier occurrences, refer to Deutsche Luft Hansa. For accidents and incidents on Lufthansa-branded flights which were operated by other airlines, see the respective articles (Lufthansa CityLine, Lufthansa Cargo, Contact Air, Germanwings, and Air Dolomiti).

Fatal

Non-fatal

Hijackings and criminal events

Controversies

Employment relations

Relations between Lufthansa and their pilots have been very tense in the past years, with many strikes occurring, causing many flights to be cancelled, as well as major losses to the company.[183] A major dispute between Lufthansa and the pilot's union has been settled after nearly five years and overall 14 strikes in December 2017.[184] Without taking into account the €9 billion bailout from the German government, Lufthansa cut 31,000 jobs in the COVID-19 years.[185] During the 2022 collective bargaining, verdi said that Lufthansa's wage offer meant real wage losses for employees and called on around 20,000 ground workers in Germany to go on warning strikes.[186]

Germanwings crisis management

See main article: Germanwings Flight 9525. Germanwings was a subsidiary of Lufthansa. Carsten Spohr, Lufthansa's CEO, oversaw the Germanwings Flight 9525 incident, "the darkest day for Lufthansa in its 60-year history", when pilot Andreas Lubitz intentionally flew an aircraft into a mountain, murdering 149 passengers.[187]

Nonetheless, damage control by Spohr and his team was poor according to several sources, as compared to other CEOs in the face of a major accident, with contradictory information given about the mental health and the airworthiness of the co-pilot Andreas Lubitz. It was revealed that Lubitz suffered from a severe case of depression and mental disorders and had intentionally crashed Germanwings Flight 9525 into the French Alps, killing all 150 aboard. Spohr had misleadingly said the co-pilot "was 100% airworthy without any restrictions, without any conditions".[188]

GDS surcharge

On 1 September 2015, Lufthansa implemented a 16 euro surcharge on Global Distribution System bookings. The surcharge is payable unless tickets are purchased directly from the airline's website, or at its service centres and ticket counters at the airport. In a statement responding to Lufthansa's strategy, Amadeus, a travel technology company, said the new model would make "comparison and transparency more difficult because travellers will now be forced to go to multiple channels to search for the best fares."[189] For the period between 1–14 September, the airline experienced a 16.1% drop in revenue, indicating to some that the new fee backfired, although the airline maintains the statement that the decrease was due to the pilot strike, and "other seasonal effects".[190]

Deportation flights

Pro-migration activists from Germany have criticised Lufthansa for performing deportation flights on behalf of the German government.[191] In 2019, 4,573 people were deported on their planes, while their subsidiary Eurowings performed 1,312 deportations.[192] This totals more than 25% of deportations in Germany in 2019. At least two deportees perished during transport.

Treatment of Nazi-era past

Lufthansa has been criticized for lack of transparency about the use of more than 10,000 forced laborers, many of them children, by its predecessor company, Deutsche Luft Hansa, during World War II.

Alleged collective punishment of visibly Jewish passengers

In 2022, the company allegedly engaged in collective punishment of visibly Jewish passengers. After a small minority of Jewish passengers did not comply with COVID masking rules on a flight from New York to Frankfurt, the company barred over a hundred visibly Jewish passengers from a connecting flight to Budapest. Lufthansa called in dozens of armed federal police to enforce its policy. A supervisor from Lufthansa explained to passengers that "everyone has to pay for a couple" as "It's Jews coming from JFK. Jewish people who were the mess, who made the problems."[193] [194] [195] [196] The video of Lufthansa supervisor's statement has been compared to the treatment of Jews during the Holocaust.[197] Lufthansa confirmed that it barred a group of passengers from the flight.[198]

German police reacted with rage when passengers asked "why do you hate us?" and used the word Nazi.[199] The German Federal Police confirmed they were called to "presence" at the scene,[200] and in response to later questions said that "Lufthansa called us and said that some of this group from JFK were not following the rules" and that they "did not make any decision at all about who could fly and who could not. As the police even if we did think that their decision was discriminatory, as the police we can't then make the decision about who can and who cannot fly."[201]

The American Jewish Committee stated that "Banning ALL Jews from a flight because of an alleged mask violation by some Jewish passengers is textbook antisemitism from Lufthansa".[202] [203] German MP Marlene Schönberger said that if the reports are true, then "there must be consequences" as "Excluding Jews from a flight because they were recognizable as Jewish is a scandal. I expect German companies in particular to be aware of anti-Semitism."

Lufthansa denied its actions were antisemitic saying that "We consider the claim of anti-Semitism to be unwarranted and without merit".[204] Lufthansa later said it wishes to investigate the incident internally. Lufthansa was condemned by US envoy Deborah Lipstadt who described Lufthansa's anti-Semitism as "unbelievable", and stated that her office was in contact with the German government over the incident that involved US citizens.[205]

In August 2022, as a result of the incident, Lufthansa adopted the IHRA Working Definition of Antisemitism and appointed a senior manager to prevent antisemitism and discrimination.[206] [207] [208] [209]

Banning of Apple AirTags on aircraft

In October 2022, Lufthansa banned all Apple AirTags to track traveler's luggage claiming that they were considered disallowed personal electronic devices.[210] International Air Transport Association (IATA) has not included AirTags or trackers in its Dangerous Goods Regulations manual and Apple rejected this interpretation.

One month later, fellow Star Alliance Member Air New Zealand also issued an advisory against baggage trackers on the "honour system".[211]

February 2024

On 21 February 2024, Lufthansa was sued by a man who fractured his back when severe turbulence threw him against the ceiling during a flight in March 2023.[212]

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. 20 February 2024 . Annual Report 2023 . Lufthansa Group . 8 March 2024 . 7 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240307130200/https://investor-relations.lufthansagroup.com/fileadmin/downloads/en/financial-reports/annual-reports/LH-AR-2023-e.pdf . live .
  2. Web site: The Largest Airlines in Europe . Pariona . Amber . WorldAtlas . 25 April 2017 . 29 August 2019 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210415060311/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-are-the-largest-airlines-in-europe.html . 15 April 2021.
  3. News: Lufthansa regains place as Europe's biggest airline from Ryanair . live . 10 January 2018 . Reuters . 29 August 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201205062816/https://www.reuters.com/article/lufthansa-traffic-idUSL8N1OK2LR . 5 December 2020.
  4. News: Tagliabue . John . 5 Airlines Extend Limits of Alliances . The New York Times . 15 May 1997 . live . 15 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171229210453/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/15/business/5-airlines-extend-limits-of-alliances.html . 29 December 2017 . limited.
  5. Web site: Lufthansa . Star Alliance . 15 February 2022 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220125044850/https://www.staralliance.com/en/member-airline-details?airlineCode=LH . 25 January 2022.
  6. Annual Report 2020 . 4 March 2021 . Lufthansa Group . https://web.archive.org/web/20211127032716/https://investor-relations.lufthansagroup.com/fileadmin/downloads/en/financial-reports/annual-reports/LH-AR-2020-e.pdf . 27 November 2021 . live.
  7. Web site: Home – Lufthansa Aviation Center . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20061101215325/http://lac.lufthansa.com/en/html/besucher/anreise/index.php . 1 November 2006 . 8 November 2023 . lufthansagroup.com.
  8. News: 19 July 2006 . Lufthansa eröffnet neue Konzernzentrale in Frankfurt . Lufthansa opens new office complex in Frankfurt . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190315042739/https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article230287/Lufthansa-eroeffnet-neue-Konzernzentrale-in-Frankfurt.html . 15 March 2019 . 15 February 2022 . . de.
  9. Web site: Directions FOC (Flight Operations Center) . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20121231162326/https://www.munich-airport.de/de/micro/technik/planung/neubau/architektur/zonen/fracht/foc/index.jsp . 31 December 2012 . 9 November 2023 . Lufthansa.
  10. Web site: Lufthansa – Chronicle . 10 March 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20091010130610/http://konzern.lufthansa.com/en/html/ueber_uns/geschichte/chronik/index.html . 10 October 2009 . dead .
  11. Starzmann . Maria Theresia . September 2015 . The Materiality of Forced Labor: An Archaeological Exploration of Punishment in Nazi Germany . International Journal of Historical Archaeology . 19 . 3 . 647–663 . 10.1007/s10761-015-0302-9 . 24572806 . 154427883.
  12. Web site: Endlich . St. . Geyler-von Bernus . M. . Rossié . B. . Forced labourers – Flughafen Tempelhof . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210224204414/https://www.thf-berlin.de/en/location-information/history-of-location/national-socialism/forced-labourers/ . 24 February 2021 . 9 November 2023 . Flughafen Tempelhof.
  13. Web site: Hofmann . Sarah Judith . Why Lufthansa reduces its Nazi past to a sidenote . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210526145707/https://www.dw.com/en/why-lufthansa-reduces-its-nazi-past-to-a-sidenote/a-19115716 . 26 May 2021 . 25 December 2020 . Deutsche Welle.
  14. Web site: Rieger . Tobias . 13 April 2020 . Kurt Knipfer . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220114034257/https://ns-reichsministerien.de/2020/04/13/kurt-knipfer/ . 14 January 2022 . Beamte nationalsozialistischer Reichsministerien . de-DE.
  15. News: 15 April 1955 . A German Airline Again . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141017210307/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1955/1955%20-%200472.html . 17 October 2014 . . 472–473.
  16. News: 25 May 1955 . Die Tabellen-Piloten . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111026051119/http://wissen.spiegel.de/wissen/image/show.html?did=31970381&aref=image035%2FE0435%2FSP19552232-T2P-31970381.pdf&thumb=false . 26 October 2011 . . 32–40 . de . 22/1955.
  17. Web site: Archives . L. A. Times . 4 September 1990 . Lufthansa to Begin Flights to Berlin . 5 April 2024 . Los Angeles Times . en-US . 5 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240405182332/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-09-04-fi-589-story.html . live .
  18. Web site: TOLL . ERICH E. . 2 May 1988 . BERLIN: LUCRATIVE FOR PAN AM BUT VERBOTEN FOR LUFTHANSA Journal of Commerce . 5 April 2024 . joc.com . en . 5 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240405182328/https://www.joc.com/article/berlin-lucrative-pan-am-verboten-lufthansa_19880502.html . live .
  19. Book: de Syon, Guillaume . Selling Modernity: Advertising in Twentieth-Century Germany . Duke University Press . 2007 . 978-0-8223-4047-8 . Swett . Pamela E. . Durham, NC . 182–201 . Lufthansa Welcomes You: Air Transport and Tourism in the Adenauer Era . 10.1215/9780822390350-008 . j.ctv11cw9bp.13 . 15 February 2022 . Wiesen . Jonathan . Jonathan Wiesen . Zatlin . Jonathan R. . https://www.academia.edu/15858180 . PDF . https://web.archive.org/web/20220216042919/https://www.academia.edu/15858180 . 16 February 2022 . live.
  20. News: Petrykowski . Michał . 2009 . Samoloty Ił-18 Lufthansy . Lufthansa's Il-18 Planes . Lotnictwo . 20 . pl . 12/2009 . 1732-5323 . 749496804.
  21. Web site: The 1990s . lufthansagroup.com . 25 May 2020 . 7 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200607174611/https://www.lufthansagroup.com/en/chronicle.html#decade-1990 . live .
  22. News: Steffen . Martin . 14 March 2016 . Why Lufthansa reduces its Nazi past to a sidenote . DW . live . 9 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309172056/https://www.handelsblatt.com/english/companies/world-war-ii-a-turbulent-legacy/23536960.html . 9 March 2022.
  23. Book: Bamber . Greg J. . Greg J. Bamber . Gittell . Jody Hoffer . Kochan . Thomas A. . Thomas Anton Kochan . von Nordenflycht . Andrew . 2009 . Up in the Air: How Airlines Can Improve Performance by Engaging Their Employees . registration . Ithaca, NY . . 978-0-8014-4747-1 . 16 February 2022 . the Internet Archive.
  24. News: Lufthansa makes the 'Connexion' . June 2002 . Boeing Frontiers Online . 1 . 2 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211022145728/https://www.boeing.com/news/frontiers/archive/2002/june/i_cbb.html . 22 October 2021.
  25. Web site: History of Brussels Airlines . 15 February 2022 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220131142954/https://www.brusselsairlines.com/en-be/corporate/company/history.aspx . 31 January 2022.
  26. News: 28 September 2016 . Lufthansa board approves Brussels Airlines takeover . Reuters . 27 October 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20161130162012/http://mobile.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN11Y1IK . 30 November 2016.
  27. Web site: Bryan . Victoria . 15 December 2016 . Lufthansa takes over Brussels Airlines in Eurowings expansion . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20161216144333/http://atwonline.com/airlines/lufthansa-acquires-brussels-airlines-become-part-eurowings . 16 December 2016 . 9 November 2023 . Reuters.
  28. Web site: Knight . Ben . 28 August 2009 . EC greenlights Lufthansa takeover . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211115161916/https://www.breakingtravelnews.com/news/article/green-light-for-merger-of-austrian-airlines-and-lufthansa/ . 15 November 2021 . 8 November 2023 . DW.
  29. Web site: Another airline enters the "A380 era" as Lufthansa receives its initial 21st century flagship aircraft . Airbus . 24 November 2010 . unfit . https://web.archive.org/web/20170902052932/http://www.aircraft.airbus.com/newsevents/news-events-single/detail/another-airline-enters-the-a380-era-as-lufthansa-receives-its-initial-21st-century-flagship-aircra/ . 2 September 2017.
  30. News: Webb . Alex . Lufthansa to Scrap 3,500 Administrative Posts After Loss . live . 3 May 2012 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20150407110437/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-05-03/lufthansa-to-scrap-3-500-administrative-posts-after-losses-widen . 7 April 2015 . limited.
  31. Web site: 14 March 2013 . Lufthansa on course with its SCORE programme . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20131012040059/http://www.lufthansagroup.com/en/press/news-releases/singleview/archive/2013/march/14/article/2388.html . 12 October 2013 . 9 November 2023 . Lufthansa Group Investor Relations.
  32. Web site: 19 September 2013 . Modern, quiet and environmentally efficient: Lufthansa Group orders 59 ultra-modern wide-body Boeing 777-9X and Airbus A350-900 aircraft . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20131012071952/http://www.lufthansagroup.com/en/press/news-releases/singleview/archive/2013/september/19/article/2599.html . 12 October 2013 . 9 November 2023 . Lufthansa Group Investor Relations.
  33. News: 5 September 2014 . Lufthansa cancels over 200 flights due to pilot strike . live . . https://web.archive.org/web/20210525032047/https://www.dw.com/en/lufthansa-cancels-over-200-flights-due-to-pilot-strike/a-17903877 . 25 May 2021.
  34. Web site: Drum . Bruce . 13 May 2014 . Lufthansa to rename 8 aircraft "Fanhansa" for the 2014 FIFA World Cup . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20140720014339/http://worldairlinenews.com/2014/05/13/lufthansa-to-renamed-8-aircraft-fanhansa-for-the-2014-fifa-world-cup/ . 20 July 2014.
  35. News: Bryan . Victoria . Heavens . Louise . 18 November 2014 . Lufthansa signs $1.25 billion outsourcing deal with IBM . live . Reuters . https://web.archive.org/web/20211010010805/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-lufthansa-ibm-outsourcing-idUSKCN0J20PV20141118 . 10 October 2021.
  36. News: 29 June 2015 . Lufthansa löst Langstreckenbasis Düsseldorf auf . Lufthansa dissolves Düsseldorf long-haul base . live . aero.de . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20210205011528/https://www.aero.de/news-21968/Lufthansa-loest-Langstreckenbasis-Duesseldorf-auf.html . 5 February 2021.
  37. News: Liu . Jim . 24 September 2018 . Eurowings replaces Lufthansa Dusseldorf – Newark service from Dec 2018 . live . Routes . . https://web.archive.org/web/20220119050239/https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/280627/eurowings-replaces-lufthansa-dusseldorf-newark-service-from-dec-2018/ . 19 January 2022.
  38. News: Kowalewsky . Reinhard . 12 March 2018 . Lufthansa schließt Basis in Düsseldorf . Lufthansa closes base in Düsseldorf . live . . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20201129192335/https://rp-online.de/wirtschaft/lufthansa-schliesst-basis-in-duesseldorf_aid-19052213 . 29 November 2020.
  39. News: Middeldorf . Götz . 22 August 2018 . Lufthansa verlässt am 30. März 2019 Düsseldorf endgültig . Lufthansa leaves Düsseldorf on 31 March 2019 . live . . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20180823213158/https://www.nrz.de/staedte/duesseldorf/lufthansa-verlaesst-duesseldorf-endgueltig-id215141419.html . 23 August 2018 . subscription.
  40. News: 24 March 2016 . Lufthansa ends B737-500 operations . live . ch-aviation . https://web.archive.org/web/20210423173041/https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/44986-lufthansa-ends-b737-500-operations . 23 April 2021.
  41. News: Hofmann . Kurt . 28 October 2016 . Lufthansa phases out last Boeing 737 after nearly 50 years . . live . 9 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161029113456/http://atwonline.com/airframes/lufthansa-phases-out-last-boeing-737-after-nearly-50-years . 29 October 2016.
  42. News: Schlautmann . Christoph . 4 December 2017 . Skytrax-Auszeichnung: Lufthansa ergattert den fünften Stern . Skytrax Award: Lufthansa gets its fifth star . live . . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20211112141642/https://www.wiwo.de/unternehmen/handel/skytrax-auszeichnung-lufthansa-ergattert-den-fuenften-stern/20667716.html . 12 November 2021.
  43. Web site: 4 December 2017 . Lufthansa becomes first European airline with 5-star Skytrax rating . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200815014033/https://aeronewsx.com/post/does-lufthansa-deserve-a-five-star-rating . 15 August 2020 . 9 November 2023 . Reuters.
  44. Lufthansa is the only five-star airline in Europe . 4 December 2017 . Press release . Lufthansa Group . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220216022423/https://www.lufthansagroup.com/en/newsroom/releases/lufthansa-is-the-only-five-star-airline-in-europe.html . 16 February 2022.
  45. Web site: Lufthansa celebrates its new Skytrax 5 Star rating with two new logo jets . 9 December 2017 . World Airline News . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211112141651/https://worldairlinenews.com/2017/12/09/lufthansa-celebrates-its-new-skytrax-5-star-rating-with-two-new-logo-jets/ . 12 November 2021.
  46. News: German companies Lufthansa, Mercedes-Benz and Bosch kowtow to Beijing . 8 March 2018 . Keoni . Everington . Taiwan News . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210205022243/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3379415 . 5 February 2021.
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  137. Web site: 19 September 2023 . Lufthansa Airlines Special Assistance . 11 November 2023 . 11 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231111051754/https://airlinespolicy.com/special-assistance/lufthansa-special-assistance/ . live .
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  141. Web site: Official: Lufthansa Installing First Class On A350s . Schlappig . Ben . 18 October 2021 . One Mile at a Time . 16 February 2022 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220216170526/https://onemileatatime.com/lufthansa-first-class-a350/ . 16 February 2022.
  142. News: Flynn . David . 28 June 2021 . Lufthansa confirms 2023 debut for new Airbus A350 first class . live . Executive Traveller . https://web.archive.org/web/20210612152954/https://www.executivetraveller.com/news/lufthansa-new-a350-first-class . 12 June 2021.
  143. News: Snyder . Brett . Photos: Inside Lufthansa's New Business Class . live . . 12 October 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141012151756/https://www.cntraveler.com/stories/2012-12-11/lufthansa-747-8-business-class-photos . 12 October 2014.
  144. News: Caswell . Mark . 8 March 2012 . Lufthansa unveils new fully-flat business class seat . Business Traveller . live . 10 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201205001803/https://www.businesstraveller.com/news/2012/03/08/lufthansa-unveils-new-fully-flat-business-class-seat/ . 5 December 2020.
  145. News: Flynn . David . 5 May 2021 . Lufthansa confirms 'mysterious' new Boeing 787 business class . live . Executive Traveller . https://web.archive.org/web/20210514171307/https://www.executivetraveller.com/news/lufthansa-boeing-787-business-class . 14 May 2021.
  146. Web site: Otley . Tom . 5 March 2014 . Lufthansa unveils premium economy seat . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20140307063859/http://www.lufthansagroup.com/en/press/news-releases/singleview/archive/2014/march/05/article/2828.html . 7 March 2014 . 11 November 2023 . Business Traveller.
  147. Web site: Schlappig . Ben . 25 June 2019 . Revealed: Lufthansa's New Premium Economy Seat . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211230161233/https://onemileatatime.com/lufthansa-premium-economy-seat/ . 30 December 2021 . 11 November 2023 . One Mile At A Time.
  148. https://www.airliners.de/lufthansa-muenchen-nuernberg-bus-attraktiver/63446 airliners.de
  149. Web site: 9 November 1996 . Lufthansa Express Bus . live . https://web.archive.org/web/19961109214114/http://www.lufthansa.com/lh_e/6_7/6_7_3a.htm . 9 November 1996 . 11 November 2023 . Lufthansa.
  150. http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19590111-0 Lufthansa 1959 crash at the Aviation Safety Network
  151. http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19611204-0 Lufthansa 1961 accidents at the Aviation Safety Network
  152. http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19660128-0 Lufthansa Flight 5 at the Aviation Safety Network
  153. http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19741120-0 Flight 540 at the Aviation Safety Network
  154. http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19790726-1 Flight 527 at the Aviation Safety Network
  155. Web site: Morrison . Patt . Heffernan . Nancy . 12 January 1985 . Iranian's Suicide Solves Suitcase Mystery : Husband Joins Smuggled Bride in Death . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211230161233/https://onemileatatime.com/lufthansa-premium-economy-seat/ . 30 December 2021 . 11 November 2023 . Los Angeles Times.
  156. Web site: A320-211 Warsaw Accident Report. www.rvs.uni-bielefeld.de. 29 August 2019. 16 August 2000. https://web.archive.org/web/20000816002218/http://www.rvs.uni-bielefeld.de/publications/Incidents/DOCS/ComAndRep/Warsaw/warsaw-report.html. live.
  157. http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19930914-2 Flight 2904 at the Aviation Safety Network
  158. News: Mesovic . Bernd . 28 May 2019 . Tod bei Abschiebung . Death upon Deportation . unfit . . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20190528151212/https://taz.de/Tod-bei-Abschiebung/!5598683/ . 28 May 2019.
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  161. http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19731220-0 1973 incident at the Aviation Safety Network
  162. Web site: ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747-230F D-ABYU Hong Kong-Kai Tak International Airport (HKG). Aviation Safety Network. 10 June 2011. 23 October 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121023194734/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19831018-0. live.
  163. News: Mutzabaugh . Ben . 11 June 2018 . Lufthansa Airbus A340 damaged by fire from Frankfurt Airport truck . . live . 11 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210513214940/https://www.aerotelegraph.com/airbus-a340-von-lufthansa-durch-brand-eingerusst . 13 May 2021.
  164. News: 7 in hospital as turbulence forces Lufthansa plane to divert to Dulles . . 2 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230329142930/https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2023/03/01/lufthansa-turbulence-lh469-dulles-aiport/ . 29 March 2023 . live . Aratani . Lori . Pannett . Rachel . 12 March 2023 .
  165. Web site: Lufthansa flight diverts to Virginia after 'significant turbulence,' and 7 people are transported to hospitals . . 2 March 2023 . 12 March 2023 . 12 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230312213901/https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/lufthansa-flight-diverted-turbulence/index.html . live .
  166. http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19720222-1 February 1972 hijacking at the Aviation Safety Network
  167. News: On This Day—23 February 1972: Hijackers surrender and free Lufthansa crew . live . 29 August 2013 . BBC News . 23 February 1972 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220104211537/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/23/newsid_2518000/2518731.stm . 4 January 2022.
  168. http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19720710-1 July 1972 hijacking at the Aviation Safety Network
  169. http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19721011-0 October 1972 hijacking at the Aviation Safety Network
  170. http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19721029-0 29 October 1972 hijacking at the Aviation Safety Network
  171. Encyclopedia: Bassett . Donna . Chalk . Peter . Encyclopedia of Terrorism . Lufthansa Hijacking (1972) . 28 February 2013 . 2012 . ABC-CLIO . 2 . Santa Barbara, CA . 978-0-313-30895-6 . 439–440 . 29 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231129001759/https://books.google.com/books?id=-wwPNjSnxcYC&pg=PA439 . live .
  172. News: Sattar . Majid . 9 November 2006 . Deutsche Geschichte(n): Folgen eines Anschlags . dead . . 26 July 2013 . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20111210031900/https://www.faz.net/themenarchiv/2.1198/deutsche-geschichte-n-folgen-eines-anschlags-1381601.html . 10 December 2011.
  173. http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19731217-0 1973 hijacking at the Aviation Safety Network
  174. News: Shenker . Israel . Israel Shenker . 19 December 1973 . Arab Hijackers Land in Kuwait; Hostages Freed . live . The New York Times . 1 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220216052107/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/19/archives/arab-hijackers-land-in-kuwait-hostages-freed-in-return-5-guerrillas.html . 16 February 2022.
  175. http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19770628-0 June 1977 hijacking at the Aviation Safety Network
  176. Encyclopedia: . Chalk . Peter . Encyclopedia of Terrorism . Lufthansa Hijacking (1977) . 28 February 2013 . 2012 . ABC-CLIO . 2 . Santa Barbara, CA . 978-0-313-30895-6 . 440–442 . 11 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230411101240/https://books.google.com/books?id=-wwPNjSnxcYC&pg=PA440 . live .
  177. http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19771013-0 Flight 181 at the Aviation Safety Network
  178. http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19790912-2 1979 hijacking attempt at the Aviation Safety Network
  179. http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19850227-0 February 1985 hijacking at the Aviation Safety Network
  180. http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19850327-0 March 1985 hijacking at the Aviation Safety Network
  181. http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19850329-2 March 1985 hijacking attempt at the Aviation Safety Network
  182. http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19930211-0 Flight 595 at the Aviation Safety Network
  183. News: No sign of take-off as Lufthansa pilots extend strike to three days . live . 19 March 2015 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20211230161245/https://www.dw.com/en/no-sign-of-take-off-as-lufthansa-pilots-extend-strike-to-three-days/a-18324310 . 30 December 2021.
  184. News: Koenen . Jens . 15 March 2017 . Lufthansa und Piloten: Die Streikhansa ist gelandet . Lufthansa and Pilots: The strike hansa landed . live . . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20170706000005/https://www.handelsblatt.com/unternehmen/handel-konsumgueter/lufthansa-und-piloten-die-streikhansa-ist-gelandet/19519474-all.html . 6 July 2017.
  185. Web site: Lufthansa Group stoppt Stellenabbau und will wieder wachsen . 1 August 2022 . airliners.de . de . 18 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220218004708/https://www.airliners.de/lufthansa-group-stoppt-stellenabbau-wachsen/63776 . live .
  186. Web site: tagesschau.de . Warnstreiks: Lufthansa streicht fast alle Flüge . 1 August 2022 . tagesschau.de . de . 1 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220801132153/https://www.tagesschau.de/wirtschaft/warnstreiks-verdi-lufthansa-fluege-gestrichen-101.html . live .
  187. News: Lufthansa boss says past hours 'darkest in 60-year history' . live . . 25 March 2015 . 25 March 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220108233033/https://www.itv.com/news/update/2015-03-25/lufthansa-boss-says-past-hours-darkest-in-60-year-history/ . 8 January 2022.
  188. News: Lufthansa Chief Carsten Spohr Under Spotlight After Germanwings Crash . . 1 April 2015 . 8 May 2015 . subscription . 13 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180913080040/https://www.wsj.com/articles/lufthansa-chief-holds-up-under-pressure-1427907064 . live .
  189. News: Jainchill . Johanna . 2 June 2015 . Lufthansa to add surcharge for GDS bookings . live . Travel Weekly . https://web.archive.org/web/20210914180928/https://www.travelweekly.com/Travel-News/Airline-News/Lufthansa-to-charge-fee-for-GDS-bookings . 14 September 2021 . 24 October 2015.
  190. News: Silk . Robert . 25 September 2015 . Lufthansa disputes report that GDS bookings are way down . live . Travel Weekly . https://web.archive.org/web/20151009101626/https://www.travelweekly.com/Travel-News/Travel-Agent-Issues/Lufthansa-disputes-report-that-says-GDS-bookings-are-way-down . 9 October 2015 . 24 October 2015.
  191. News: Klein . Thomas . 2 February 2002 . Prozess: »Deportation class« ist zulässig . live . . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20220216150946/https://www.nd-aktuell.de/artikel/12105.deportation-class-ist-zulaessig.html . 16 February 2022.
  192. 17 March 2020 . Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten Ulla Jelpke u. a. und der Fraktion DIE LINKE: Abschiebungen und Ausreisen 2019 . live . . BT-Drucksache 19/17096 . 16 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201026142208/https://www.ulla-jelpke.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/KA-19_17096-Abschiebungen-2019-komprimiert.pdf . 26 October 2020.
  193. News: Eicher . Itamar . Salami . Daniel . German airline Lufthansa bars Jews from boarding flight . YNET . 9 May 2022 . 10 May 2022 . 10 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220510061632/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/rkg3ar8iq . live .
  194. News: Henry . Jacob . Passengers say Lufthansa threw all visible Jews off NYC-Budapest flight because some weren't wearing masks . Jewish Telegraphic Agency . 9 May 2022 . 10 May 2022 . 10 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220510055330/https://www.jta.org/2022/05/09/ny/passengers-say-lufthansa-threw-all-visible-jews-off-nyc-budapest-flight-because-some-werent-wearing-masks . live .
  195. News: Borchardt . Reuvain . Jews Say They Were Barred From Lufthansa Flight Because 'One or Two' Didn't Wear Masks . Hamodia . 4 May 2022 . 10 May 2022 . 10 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220510065217/https://hamodia.com/2022/05/04/jews-say-they-were-barred-from-lufthansa-flight-because-one-or-two-didnt-wear-masks/ . live .
  196. News: Zitser . Joshua . More than 100 Orthodox Jews who were praying before a flight were barred from boarding by German airline Lufthansa in mask dispute, report says . Business Insider . Yahoo! News . 7 May 2022 . 10 May 2022 . 10 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220510061633/https://news.yahoo.com/more-100-orthodox-jews-were-132625387.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJ69T-0GzCs_2C4Wk3uO5lwy_ZGTpj-D6gDMGhM2x0tzDFMB_VYbO-B6cHyFmBXPpxBy6uFekXn3ZLnxC-ooPanZhQF9T_aUs8n8gLLQdCPvXWJITG4zE3BMyOc0uQ-Sh-lokV6l0CjwQxUitqJ2ekeNY3RV4YEmM6ZOsYS7Rvra . live .
  197. Web site: Passengers say Lufthansa threw all visible Jews off NYC-Budapest flight . . 10 May 2022 . 10 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220510065510/https://www.timesofisrael.com/passengers-say-lufthansa-threw-all-visible-jews-off-nyc-budapest-flight/ . live .
  198. Web site: Over 100 Jews Barred From Lufthansa Flight Because Some Didn't Wear Masks . Borchardt . Reuvain . Hamodia . 4 May 2022 . 9 June 2022 . 10 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220510065217/https://hamodia.com/2022/05/04/jews-say-they-were-barred-from-lufthansa-flight-because-one-or-two-didnt-wear-masks/ . live .
  199. News: Cohen . Ben . Orthodox Jews Allege Antisemitic Discrimination After German Airline Lufthansa Prevents Them From Boarding Connecting Flight . Algemeiner . 9 May 2022 . 10 May 2022 . 10 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220510061801/https://www.algemeiner.com/2022/05/09/orthodox-jews-allege-antisemitic-discrimination-after-german-airline-lufthansa-prevents-them-from-boarding-connecting-flight/ . live .
  200. News: Jüdische Passagiere am Flughafen Frankfurt aufgehalten . Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . de . 5 May 2022 . 10 May 2022 . 10 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220510062330/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/rhein-main/frankfurt/flughafen-frankfurt-127-orthodoxe-juden-aufgehalten-18008734.html . live .
  201. News: Hyde . Robe . Over 100 visibly Jewish passengers barred from Lufthansa flight after mask dispute . JC . 9 May 2022 . 10 May 2022 . 9 December 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221209094901/https://www.thejc.com/news/news/over-100-visibly-jewish-passengers-barred-from-lufthansa-flight-after-mask-dispute-6QvlZ3OPwppR66yPwnMpDc?reloadTime=1652162460853 . live .
  202. Outrageous: Banning ALL Jews from a flight because of an alleged mask violation by some Jewish passengers is textbook antisemitism from @Lufthansa. . AJCGlobal . American Jewish Committee . 1523667789793611776 . 9 May 2022 . 10 May 2022.
  203. News: Thaidigsmann . Michael . Lufthansa: Boarding denied . Jüdische Allgemeine . 10 May 2022 . 10 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220510071643/https://www.juedische-allgemeine.de/politik/lufthansa-boarding-denied/ . live .
  204. News: Más de 100 judíos ortodoxos de Nueva York son expulsados de un vuelo de Lufthansa por una disputa de mascarillas . El Diario La Prensa . 9 May 2022 . 10 May 2022 . 11 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220511192626/https://eldiariony.com/2022/05/09/mas-de-100-judios-ortodoxos-de-nueva-york-son-expulsados-de-un-vuelo-de-lufthansa-por-una-disputa-de-mascarillas/ . live .
  205. Web site: U.S. Envoy Decries 'Unbelievable' Antisemitism by Lufthansa in Barring Jews from Flight . 13 May 2022 . . 14 June 2022 . 11 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220611230844/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/us-envoy-decries-unbelievable-antisemitism-lufthansa-jews-flight-rcna28763 . live .
  206. Web site: Liphshiz . Cnaan . Lufthansa will create a position to fight antisemitism after kicking more than 100 Hasidic passengers off a flight . Jewish Telegraphic Agency . 28 July 2022 . 15 August 2022 . 14 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220814062035/https://www.jta.org/2022/07/28/global/lufthansa-will-create-a-position-to-fight-antisemitism-after-kicking-more-than-100-hasidic-passengers-off-a-flight . live .
  207. Web site: Lufthansa to hire antisemitism manager after orthodox passengers barred from flight . Bloch . Ben . The Jewish Chronicle . 1 August 2022 . 14 September 2022 . 14 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220814062028/https://www.thejc.com/news/world/lufthansa-to-hire-antisemitism-manager-after-orthodox-passengers-barred-from-flight-7jq0JNd4Cy1DKtWczDJ2eX . live .
  208. Web site: Joshua . Zitser . Lufthansa Barred 100+ Jews From Flight to Hire Antisemitism Officer . Business Insider . 28 July 2022 . 15 August 2022 . 12 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220812035908/https://www.businessinsider.com/lufthansa-hire-antisemitism-role-after-barring-100-jews-from-flight-2022-8 . live .
  209. News: Henryk M. . Broder . Gelebte Diversität: Wozu braucht die Lufthansa einen Antisemitismus-Beauftragten? . Die Welt . de . 1 January 1970 . 15 August 2022 . 14 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220814062028/https://www.welt.de/debatte/kommentare/plus240286723/Gelebte-Diversitaet-Wozu-braucht-die-Lufthansa-einen-Antisemitismus-Beauftragten.html . live .
  210. News: Victor . Daniel . 11 October 2022 . Lufthansa Says Passengers Can't Use Apple AirTags to Track Checked Bags . 11 January 2024 . The New York Times.
  211. Web site: Will Air NZ's ban on AirTags ever fly? . 11 January 2024 . Information Age . 11 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240111190203/https://ia.acs.org.au/article/2022/will-air-nz-s-ban-on-airtags-ever-fly-.html . live .
  212. Web site: A Lufthansa passenger is suing the airline, saying he was thrown around so violently by severe turbulence that his back was fractured. Pete. Syme. Business Insider. 31 March 2024. 31 March 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240331214117/https://www.businessinsider.com/lufthansa-passenger-suing-says-he-fractured-back-due-to-severe-turbulence-2024-2. live.

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