Ludmila Polesná (31 August 1934 in Písek – 9 December 1988 in Prague) was a Czechoslovak slalom canoeist who competed from the early 1960s to the mid-1970s. She won eleven medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with four golds (Folding K-1: 1961, 1963; K-1: 1967, 1969), five silvers (K-1: 1971, K-1 team: 1965, 1967, 1969, Folding K-1 team: 1963) and two bronzes (K-1 team: 1971, 1975).
Polesná also finished 16th in the K-1 event at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.