Genovese crime family explained

Genovese crime family
Founder:Giuseppe Morello
Named After:Vito Genovese
Founding Location:New York City, New York, United States
Territory:Primarily New York City, with additional territory in Upstate New York, Long Island, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Connecticut, South Florida, Las Vegas and Los Angeles[1]
Ethnicity:Italians as "made men" and other ethnicities as associates
Membership Est:250–300 made members and 1,000+ associates (2004)[2]
Activities:Racketeering, murder, labor union infiltration, extortion, illegal gambling, drug trafficking, firearm trafficking, loansharking, bookmaking, truck hijacking, fraud, money laundering, bribery, assault, prostitution and pornography[3]
Allies:
Rivals:Various gangs in New York City, including their allies

The Genovese crime family (pronounced as /it/), also sometimes referred to as the Westside, is an Italian-American Mafia crime family and one of the "Five Families" that dominate organized crime activities in New York City and New Jersey as part of the American Mafia. The Genovese family has generally maintained a varying degree of influence over many of the smaller mob families outside New York, including ties with the Philadelphia, Cleveland, Patriarca, and Buffalo crime families.

The modern family was founded by Charles "Lucky" Luciano and was known as the Luciano crime family from 1931 to 1957, when Vito Genovese became boss. Genovese was head of the family during the McClellan hearings in 1963, which gave the Five Families their current names. Originally in control of the waterfront on the West Side of Manhattan as well as the docks and the Fulton Fish Market on the East River waterfront, the family was run between 1981 and 2005 by "The Oddfather", Vincent "The Chin" Gigante, who feigned insanity by shuffling unshaven through New York's Greenwich Village wearing a tattered bath robe and muttering to himself incoherently to avoid prosecution.

The Genovese family is the oldest and the largest of the "Five Families". Finding new ways to make money in the 21st century, the family took advantage of lax due diligence by banks during the housing bubble with a wave of mortgage frauds. Prosecutors say loan shark victims obtained home equity loans to pay off debts to their mob bankers. The family found ways to use new technology to improve on illegal gambling, with customers placing bets through offshore sites via the Internet.

Although the leadership of the Genovese family seemed to have been in limbo after the death of Gigante in 2005, the group appears to be the most organized and powerful family in the U.S., with sources believing that Liborio "Barney" Bellomo is the current boss of the organization.[8] Unique in today's Mafia, the family has benefited greatly from members following omertà, a code of conduct emphasizing secrecy and non-cooperation with law enforcement and the justice system. While many mobsters from across the country have testified against their crime families since the 1980s, the Genovese family has had only eleven members and associates turn state's evidence in its history.[9] The FBI considers the Genovese family the largest and most powerful of the Five Families.[10] Detective Joseph J. Coffey of the New York Organized Crime Task Force described the Genovese family as "the Ivy League of the underworld".[11]

History

Origins

The Genovese crime family originated from the Morello gang of East Harlem, the first Mafia family in New York City.[12] In 1892, Giuseppe Morello arrived in New York from the village of Corleone, Sicily, Italy. Morello's half-brothers Nicholas, Vincenzo, Ciro, and the rest of his family joined him in New York the following year. The Morello brothers formed the 107th Street Mob and began dominating the Italian neighborhood of East Harlem, parts of Manhattan, and the Bronx.

One of Giuseppe Morello's strongest allies was Ignazio "the Wolf" Lupo, a mobster who controlled Manhattan's Little Italy. In 1903, Lupo married Morello's half-sister, uniting both organizations. The Morello-Lupo alliance continued to prosper in 1903, when the group began a major counterfeiting ring with powerful Sicilian mafioso Vito Cascioferro, printing $5 bills in Sicily and smuggling them into the US.

New York police detective Joseph Petrosino, later assassinated while in Sicily seeking evidence to permit the deportation of Morello and other mafiosi, began investigating the Morello family's counterfeiting operation, the barrel murders, and the black hand extortion letters. On November 15, 1909, Morello, Lupo, and others were arrested on counterfeiting charges. In February 1910, Morello and Lupo were sentenced to twenty-five and thirty years in prison, respectively.[13]

In 1910 the Lomonte Brothers, cousins of Morello, ran East Harlem until 1915. Fortunato Lomonte was shot and killed in 1914 on East 108th st. Tomasso Lomonte and cousin Rose Lomonte were both shot and killed in 1915 on East 116th st.

Mafia-Camorra War

As the Morello family increased in power and influence, bloody territorial conflicts arose with other Italian gangs in New York. The Morellos had an alliance with Giosue Gallucci, a prominent East Harlem businessman and Camorrista with local political connections. On May 17, 1915, Gallucci was murdered in a power struggle between the Morellos and the Neapolitan Camorra organization, which consisted of two Brooklyn gangs run by Pellegrino Morano and Alessandro Vollero. The fight over Gallucci's rackets became known as the Mafia-Camorra War.

After months of fighting, Morano offered a truce. A meeting was arranged at a Navy Street cafe owned by Vollero. On September 7, 1916, Nicholas Morello and his bodyguard Charles Ubriaco were ambushed and killed upon arrival by five members of the Camorra gang.[14] In 1917, Morano was charged with Morello's murder after Camorrista Ralph Daniello implicated him in the murder. By 1918, law enforcement had sent many Camorra members to prison, decimating the Camorra in New York and ending the war. Many of the remaining Camorra members joined the Morello family.

The Morellos now faced stronger rivals than the Camorra. With the passage of Prohibition in 1920 and the ban of alcohol sales, the family regrouped and built a lucrative bootlegging operation in Manhattan. In 1920, both Morello and Lupo were released from prison and Brooklyn Mafia boss Salvatore D'Aquila ordered their murders. This is when Giuseppe "Joe" Masseria and Rocco Valenti, a former Brooklyn Camorra, began to fight for control of the Morello family.[15]

On December 29, 1920, Masseria's men murdered Valenti's ally, Salvatore Mauro. Then, on May 8, 1922, the Valenti gang murdered Vincenzo Terranova. Masseria's gang retaliated killing Morello member Silva Tagliagamba. On August 11, 1922, Masseria's men murdered Valenti, ending the conflict, as Masseria took over the Morello family.[16]

The Castellammarese era

During the mid-1920s, Masseria continued to expand his bootlegging, extortion, loansharking, and illegal gambling rackets throughout New York. To operate and protect these rackets, he recruited many ambitious young mobsters, including future heavyweights Charles "Lucky" Luciano, Frank Costello, Joseph "Joey A" Adonis, Vito Genovese, and Albert Anastasia. Luciano soon became a top aide in Masseria's organization.

By the late 1920s, Masseria's main rival was boss Salvatore Maranzano, who had come from Sicily to run the Castellammarese clan. Their rivalry eventually escalated into the bloody Castellammarese War. As the war turned against Masseria, Luciano, seeing an opportunity to switch allegiance, decided to eliminate him in 1931. In a secret deal with Maranzano, Luciano agreed to engineer Masseria's death in return for taking over his rackets and becoming Maranzano's second-in-command.[17]

Adonis had joined the Masseria faction, and when Masseria heard about Luciano's betrayal, he approached Adonis about killing Luciano. However, Adonis instead warned Luciano about the murder plot.[18]

On April 15, 1931, Masseria was killed at Nuova Villa Tammaro, a Coney Island restaurant, while playing cards with Luciano, who allegedly excused himself to the bathroom, when four gunmen (Anastasia, Genovese, Adonis, and Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel) shot Masseria to death then escaping in a car driven by Ciro "The Artichoke King" Terranova.[19] [20] It was reported that Terranova was too nervous to drive, so Siegel took the driver's seat and drove the car out of the crime scene.[21] [22]

With Maranzano's blessing, Luciano became his lieutenant and took over Masseria's gang, ending the Castellammarese War.[17] Between August 1 and 3, 1931, Maranzano called a meeting where crime bosses met at Nuova Villa Tammaro in Coney Island for a bacchanalian banquet to celebrate the death of Masseria right on the spot where he was murdered and another one on Washington Avenue at a hall in the Bronx. Maranzano called another meeting of crime bosses in Wappingers Falls, New York, where he declared himself capo di tutti capi ("boss of all bosses").[17] Under Maranzano rule the Italian-American gangs in New York City were reorganized into Five Families headed by Luciano, Joe Profaci, Tommy Gagliano, Vincent Mangano, and himself. Maranzano also whittled down the rival families' rackets in favor of his own. Luciano appeared to accept these changes, but was merely biding his time before removing Maranzano.[23] Although Maranzano was slightly more forward-thinking than Masseria, Luciano had come to believe that Maranzano was even more greedy, power-hungry and hidebound than Masseria had been.[17]

By September 1931, Maranzano realized Luciano was a threat, and hired Vincent "Mad Dog" Coll, an Irish gangster, to kill him.[17] However, Tommy Lucchese alerted Luciano that he was marked for death.[17] On September 10, Maranzano ordered Luciano, Genovese, and Costello to come to his office at the 230 Park Avenue in Manhattan. Convinced that Maranzano planned to murder them, Luciano decided to take pre-emptive action.[24] He sent to Maranzano's office four Jewish gangsters, secured with the aid of Siegel and Meyer Lansky, whose faces were unknown to Maranzano's people.[25] Disguised as government agents, two of the gangsters disarmed Maranzano's bodyguards. The other two, aided by Lucchese, stabbed Maranzano multiple times before shooting him.[26] [27]

Luciano and the Commission

After Maranzano's murder, Luciano called a meeting in Chicago with various bosses, where he proposed a Commission to serve as the governing body for organized crime.[28] Designed to settle all disputes and decide which families controlled which territories, the Commission has been called Luciano's greatest innovation.[17] Luciano's goals with the Commission were to quietly maintain his own power over all the families, and to prevent future gang wars; the bosses approved the idea of the Commission.[13]

The Commission's first test came in 1935, when they ordered Dutch Schultz to drop his plans to murder Special Prosecutor Thomas E. Dewey. Luciano argued that an assassination of Dewey would precipitate a massive law enforcement crackdown. An enraged Schultz vowed to kill Dewey anyway and walked out of the meeting.[29]

Anastasia, now the leader of Murder, Inc., approached Luciano with information that Schultz had asked him to stake out Dewey's apartment building on Fifth Avenue. Upon hearing the news, the Commission held a discreet meeting to discuss the matter. After six hours of deliberations, the Commission ordered Lepke Buchalter to eliminate Schultz.[30] [31] On October 23, 1935, before he could kill Dewey, Schultz was shot in a tavern in Newark, New Jersey, and succumbed to his injuries the following day.[32] [33]

On May 13, 1936, Luciano's pandering trial began.[34] Dewey prosecuted the case that Eunice Carter had built against Luciano, accusing him of being part of a massive prostitution ring known as "the Combination". During the trial, Dewey exposed Luciano for lying on the witness stand through direct quizzing and records of telephone calls; Luciano also had no explanation for why his federal income tax records claimed he made only $22,000 a year, while he was obviously a wealthy man.[17]

Dewey's case against Luciano on the prostitution charges actually leveled in the indictment, on the other hand, rested on much shakier ground: first on the testimony of Joe Bendix, who was discredited by his own testimony as well as that of others, and then later on the testimony of three prostitutes, whom Dewey rewarded by either paying for a trip to Europe after the trial or arranging for lucrative film and magazine deals.[35] All three witnesses subsequently recanted their testimony.

On June 7, 1936, Luciano was convicted on 62 counts of compulsory prostitution.[36] On June 18, he was sentenced to thirty to fifty years in state prison, along with David Betillo and others.[37] [38]

Luciano continued to run his crime family from prison, relaying his orders through Genovese, his acting boss. However, in 1937, Genovese fled to Naples to avoid an impending indictment for murder in New York.[39] Luciano appointed Costello, his consigliere, as the new acting boss and overseer of Luciano's interests.

During World War II, federal agents came to Luciano for help in preventing enemy sabotage on the New York waterfront and other activities. Luciano agreed to help, in return for a pardon from the State of New York, made contingent on Luciano's deportation to Italy.[35] In reality Luciano provided insignificant assistance to the Allied cause.

After the end of the war, the arrangement with Luciano became public knowledge. To prevent further embarrassment, the government followed through on its plans to deport Luciano on condition that he never return to the U.S. In 1946, Luciano was taken from prison and deported to Italy, where he died in 1962.[40]

The Prime Minister

From May 1950 to May 1951, the U.S. Senate conducted a large-scale investigation of organized crime, commonly known as the Kefauver Hearings, chaired by Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee. Costello was convicted of contempt of the Senate and sentenced to eighteen months in prison.[41] Kefauver concluded that New York politician Carmine DeSapio was assisting the activities of Costello, and that Costello had become influential in decisions made by the Tammany Hall political machine. DeSapio admitted to having met Costello several times, but insisted that "politics was never discussed".[42]

In 1952, the federal government began proceedings to strip Costello of his U.S. citizenship and he was indicted for evasion of $73,417 in income taxes between 1946 and 1949. He was sentenced to five years in prison and fined $20,000. In 1954, Costello appealed the conviction and was released on $50,000 bail; from 1952 to 1961, he was in and out of half a dozen federal and local prisons and jails, his confinement interrupted by periods when he was out on bail pending determination of appeals.[43]

The return of Genovese

Costello ruled for twenty peaceful years, but his quiet reign ended when Genovese was extradited from Italy to New York. During his absence, Costello demoted Genovese from underboss to caporegime, leaving Genovese determined to take control of the family. Soon after his arrival in the U.S., Genovese was acquitted of the 1936 murder charge that had driven him into exile.[44] Free of legal entanglements, he started plotting against Costello with the assistance of Mangano family underboss Carlo Gambino.

On May 2, 1957, Luciano mobster Vincent "the Chin" Gigante shot Costello in the side of the head as Costello returned to his apartment. Gigante's aim proved errant, however, and Costello survived the attack with no more than a flesh wound.[45] Costello claimed he could not identify his attacker; Gigante was later acquitted when prosecuted for the shooting.

Months later, Anastasia, the boss of the Mangano family and a powerful ally of Costello's, was murdered by Gambino's gunmen at the Park Central Hotel in Manhattan. With Anastasia's death, Carlo Gambino seized control of the Mangano family. Fearing for his life and isolated after the shootings, Costello quietly retired and surrendered control of the Luciano family to Genovese.[46]

Having taken control of what was renamed the Genovese crime family in 1957, Genovese decided to organize a Mafia conference to legitimize his new position. Held at mobster Joseph "Joe the Barber" Barbara's estate in Apalachin, New York, the Apalachin meeting attracted over 100 mobsters from around the nation. However, local law enforcement stumbled upon the meeting and quickly surrounded the estate. As the meeting broke up, the police stopped a car driven by Russell Bufalino, whose passengers included Genovese and three other men, at a roadblock as they left the estate.[47] [48] [49] Mafia leaders were chagrined by the public exposure and bad publicity from the Apalachin meeting, and generally blamed Genovese for the fiasco. All those apprehended were fined, up to $10,000 each, and given prison sentences ranging from three to five years, but all the convictions were overturned on appeal in 1960.[48]

Wary of Genovese gaining more power in the Commission, Gambino used the Apalachin meeting as an excuse to move against his former ally. Gambino, Luciano, Costello, and Lucchese allegedly lured Genovese into a drug-dealing scheme that ultimately resulted in his conspiracy indictment and conviction. In 1959, Genovese was sentenced to fifteen years in prison on narcotics charges.[50] Genovese, who was the most powerful boss in New York, had been effectively eliminated as a rival by Gambino.[51]

The Valachi Hearings

Genovese soldier Joe Valachi was convicted of narcotics violations in 1959, and sentenced to fifteen years in prison. Valachi's motivations for becoming a government informant had been the subject of some debate; Valachi claimed to be testifying as a public service and to expose a powerful criminal organization that he had blamed for ruining his life, but it is possible he was hoping for government protection as part of a plea bargain in which he was sentenced to life imprisonment instead of the death penalty for a 1962 murder.[52]

While serving his sentence for heroin trafficking, Valachi came to fear that Genovese, also serving a sentence on the same charge, had ordered his murder.[53] On June 22, 1962, using a pipe left near some construction work, Valachi bludgeoned an inmate to death whom he had mistaken for Joseph DiPalermo, a Mafia member he believed had been contracted to kill him.[52] After time with FBI handlers, Valachi came forward with a story of Genovese giving him a kiss on the cheek, which he took as a "kiss of death".[54] [55] [56] A $100,000 bounty for Valachi's death had been placed by Genovese.[57]

Soon after, Valachi decided to cooperate with the US Justice Department.[58] In October 1963, he testified before Arkansas Senator John L. McClellan's Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the US Senate Committee on Government Operations, known as the Valachi hearings, stating that the Italian-American Mafia actually existed, the first time a member had acknowledged its existence in public.[59] [60] Valachi's testimony was the first major violation of omertà, breaking his blood oath. He is credited with popularization of the term cosa nostra.[61]

Although Valachi's disclosures never led directly to the prosecution of any Mafia leaders, he provided many details of history of the Mafia, operations, and rituals; aided in the solution of several unsolved murders; and named many members and the major crime families. The trial exposed American organized crime to the world through Valachi's televised testimony.[62]

Front bosses and the ruling panels

After Genovese was sent to prison in 1959, the family leadership secretly established a "Ruling Panel" to run the family in his absence. This first panel included acting boss Thomas "Tommy Ryan" Eboli, underboss Gerardo "Jerry" Catena, and Catena's protégé Philip "Benny Squint" Lombardo. After Genovese died in 1969, Lombardo was named his successor.

However, the family appointed a series of "front bosses" to masquerade as the official family boss. The aim of these deceptions was to protect Lombardo by confusing law enforcement as to who was the true leader of the family.

In the late 1960s, Gambino lent $4 million to Eboli for a drug scheme in an attempt to gain control of the Genovese family. When Eboli failed to pay back his debt, Gambino, with Commission approval, had him murdered in 1972.[63] [64] [65]

After Eboli's death, Genovese capo and Gambino ally Frank "Funzi" Tieri was appointed as the new front boss. In reality, the Genovese family created a new ruling panel to run the organization. This second panel consisted of Catena, Lombardo, and Michele "Big Mike" Miranda. In 1981, Tieri became the first Mafia boss to be convicted under the new RICO Act and died in prison later that year.[66]

After Tieri's imprisonment, the family reshuffled its leadership. The capo of the Manhattan faction, Anthony "Fat Tony" Salerno, became the new front boss. Lombardo, the de facto boss of the family, soon retired and Gigante, the triggerman on the failed Costello hit, took actual control of the family.

In 1985, New York State Attorney General Rudolph Giuliani set his sights on taking down the Mafia Commission through wiretaps, cooperating witnesses, and surveillance cameras.[67] In 1985, Salerno was convicted in the Mafia Commission Trial and sentenced to 100 years in federal prison.[68] In 1986, shortly after Salerno's conviction, his longtime right-hand man, Vincent "The Fish" Cafaro, turned informant and told the FBI that Salerno had been the front boss for Gigante. Cafaro also revealed that the Genovese family had been keeping up this ruse since 1969.[69] [70]

After the 1980 murder of Philadelphia boss Angelo "Gentle Don" Bruno, Gigante and Lombardo began manipulating the rival factions in the war-torn Philadelphia family. They finally gave their support to Philadelphia mobster Nicodemo "Little Nicky" Scarfo, who in return gave the Genovese mobsters permission to operate in Atlantic City in 1982.[71]

The Oddfather

Gigante built a vast network of bookmaking and loansharking rings, and from extortion of garbage, shipping, trucking, and construction companies seeking labor peace or contracts from carpenters', Teamsters, and laborers' unions, including those at the Javits Center, as well as protection payoffs from merchants at the Fulton Fish Market. Gigante also had influence in the Feast of San Gennaro in Little Italy, running illegal gambling operations, extorting payoffs from vendors, and pocketing thousands of dollars donated to a neighborhood church—until a crackdown in 1995 by New York City officials. During Gigante's tenure as boss of the Genovese family, after the imprisonment of John Gotti in 1992, Gigante came to be known as the figurehead capo di tutti capi, the "Boss of All Bosses", despite the position being abolished since 1931 with the murder of Salvatore Maranzano.[72]

Gigante was reclusive, and almost impossible to capture on wiretaps, speaking softly, eschewing the phone, and even at times whistling into the receiver. He almost never left his home unoccupied because he knew FBI agents would sneak in and plant a bug. Genovese members were not allowed to mention Gigante's name in conversations or phone calls; when they had to mention him, members would point to their chins or make the letter "C" with their fingers.[73]

On May 30, 1990, Gigante was indicted along with other members of four of the Five Families for conspiring to rig bids and extort payoffs from contractors on multimillion-dollar contracts with the New York City Housing Authority to install windows.[74] Gigante attended his arraignment in pajamas and bathrobe, and due to his defense stating that he was mentally and physically impaired, legal battles ensued for seven years over his competence to stand trial. In June 1993, Gigante was indicted again, charged with sanctioning the murders of six mobsters and conspiring to kill three others, including Gotti.[75]

At sanity hearings in March 1996, Sammy "The Bull" Gravano, former underboss of the Gambino family, who became a cooperating witness in 1991,[76] and Alphonse "Little Al" D'Arco, former acting boss of the Lucchese family, testified that Gigante was lucid at top-level Mafia meetings and that he had told other gangsters that his eccentric behavior was a pretense. Gigante's lawyers presented testimony and reports from psychiatrists stating that, from 1969 to 1995, Gigante had been confined twenty-eight times in hospitals for treatment of hallucinations and that he suffered from "dementia rooted in organic brain damage".

In August 1996, Judge Eugene Nickerson of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York ruled that Gigante was mentally competent to stand trial; he pleaded not guilty and had been free for years on $1 million bail. Gigante had a cardiac operation in December 1996. On June 25, 1997, Gigante's trial started, which he attended in a wheelchair.[77]

On July 25, after almost three days of deliberations, the jury convicted Gigante of conspiring in plots to kill other mobsters and of running rackets as head of the Genovese family but acquitted him of seven counts of murder.[78] Prosecutors stated that the verdict finally established that Gigante was not mentally ill as his lawyers and relatives had long maintained.[78] On December 18, 1997, Gigante was sentenced to twelve years in prison and fined $1.25 million by Judge Jack B. Weinstein, a lenient sentence due to Gigante's "age and frailty", who declared that Gigante had been "finally brought to bay in his declining years after decades of vicious criminal tyranny".[79]

While in prison, Gigante maintained his role as boss of the Genovese family while other mobsters were entrusted to run its day-to-day activities. Longtime capo Matthew "Matty the Horse" Ianniello became acting boss of the family.[80] Gigante relayed orders to the family through his son, Andrew, who visited him in prison.[81] [82]

On January 23, 2002, Gigante was indicted with several other mobsters, including Andrew, on obstruction of justice charges due to his causing a seven-year delay in his previous trial by feigning insanity.[83] [84] Several days later, Andrew was released on $2.5 million bail.[85] On April 7, 2003, the day the trial began, Prosecutor Roslynn R. Mauskopf had planned to play tapes showing Gigante "fully coherent, careful, and intelligent", running criminal operations from prison, but when Gigante pled guilty to obstruction of justice,[86] [87] Judge I. Leo Glasser sentenced him to an additional three years in prison.[88] [89] Mauskopf stated, "The jig is up ... Vincent Gigante was a cunning faker, and those of us in law enforcement always knew that this was an act ... The act ran for decades, but today it's over."[86] On July 25, 2003, Andrew Gigante was sentenced to two years in prison and fined $2.5 million for racketeering and extortion.[90]

On July 27, 2005, Matthew Ianniello was indicted in on charges of rackteering related to extortion and loansharking. [91] On June 10, 2006, Ianniello was indicted once again for racketeering charges related to Genovese control of waste management businesses in Southwestern Connecticut.[92]

Gigante died on December 19, 2005, at the Medical Center for Federal Prisoners in Springfield, Missouri. His funeral and burial were held four days later, on December 23, at Saint Anthony of Padua Church in Greenwich Village, largely in anonymity.[93]

After Gigante's death

After Gigante's death, the leadership of the Genovese family went to capo Daniel "Danny the Lion" Leo, who was apparently running the day-to-day activities of the family by 2006.[94] That same year, Cirillo was reportedly promoted to consigliere behind bars and Mangano was released from prison. By 2008, the family administration was believed to be whole again.[95]

In March of that year, Leo was sentenced to five years in prison for loansharking and extortion. Former acting consigliere Lawrence "Little Larry" Dentico was leading the New Jersey faction of the family until convicted of racketeering in 2006; he was released from prison in 2009. In December 2008, Liborio Bellomo was paroled after serving twelve years; what role he plays in the Genovese hierarchy is open to speculation, but he likely has had a major say in the running of the family since his tight parole restrictions expired.

A March 2009 article in the New York Post claimed Leo was still acting boss despite his incarceration. It also estimated that the Genovese family consists of about 270 "made" members.[96]

The family maintains power and influence in New York, New Jersey, Atlantic City and Florida. It is recognized as the most powerful Mafia family in the U.S., a distinction brought about by their continued devotion to secrecy. According to the FBI, many Genovese family associates do not know the names of family leaders or even other associates, making it difficult for investigators to gather intelligence about the family's current status.[97]

In 2016, Eugene "Rooster" Onofrio, who is believed to be a capo largely active in Little Italy and Connecticut, was accused of operating a large multimillion-dollar enterprise that ran bookmaking offices, scammed medical businesses, and smuggled cigarettes and guns. He was also alleged to have run a loanshark operation from Florida to Massachusetts.[98] Other members of his reputed crew pleaded guilty to extortion and other crimes.[99] Gerald Daniele, an associate, was sentenced to two years in prison in March 2018.[100] On April 10, 2018, Ralph Santaniello, suspected of being a Genovese acting capo, was sentenced to five years in prison for extorting $20,000 from Craig Morel, the owner of one of the biggest towing and scrap-metal companies in Massachusetts, including threatening his life and assaulting him.[101] [102] [103] Morel managed to negotiate the extortion price from $100,000 to $20,000. Associate Giovanni "Johnny" Calabrese was sentenced to 3 years in prison.[104]

In October 2017, thirteen Genovese and Gambino associates and soldiers were sentenced after being indicted following an NYPD operation in December 2016. Dubbed "Shark Bait", the investigation focused on a large-scale illegal gambling and loansharking ring. Prosecutors claimed 76-year-old Genovese soldier Salvatore DeMeo was in charge of the operation and had generated several million dollars from the enterprise. Soldier Alex Conigliaro was sentenced to four months in jail and four months house arrest in late October 2017, with a fine of $5,000, after admitting that he supervised and financed a $14,000-per-week illegal bookmaking and sports betting operation between 2011 and 2014.[105] [106] Genovese associates Gennaro Geritano and Mario Leonardi were allegedly partners in selling untaxed cigarettes in New York, alleged to have sold over 30,000 packs.[107]

Current position and leadership

According to the FBI, the Genovese family had not had an official boss since Gigante's death and the leadership was in a state of limbo for some time.[108] Law enforcement considers Leo to be the acting boss, Mangano the underboss, and Cirillo the consigliere. The family is known for placing top capos in leadership positions to help the administration run day-to-day activities. At present, capos Bellomo, Muscarella, Cirillo, and Dentico hold the greatest influence within the family and play major roles in its administration.[97] The Manhattan and Bronx factions, the traditional powers in the family, still exercise that control today. By 2016 however the FBI considers Liborio Bellomo to most likely be the official boss of the Genovese family.

On January 10, 2018, five members and associates, including Gigante's son Vincent Esposito, were arrested and charged with racketeering, conspiracy, and several counts of related offenses by the NYPD and FBI.[109] The charges include extortion, labor racketeering conspiracy, fraud and bribery. Genovese associate and Brooklyn-based United Food and Commercial Workers officer Frank Cognetta was also charged.[110] Union official and associate Vincent D'Acunto Jr. was also involved and allegedly acted on behalf of Esposito to pass along threat messages and to also collect extortion money from the union, in particular from Vincent Fyfe, the president of a wine liquor and distillery union in Brooklyn. Fyfe was forced to pay $10,000 per year to keep his $300,000-a-year union job, which he obtained through the influence of the Genovese family. The labor union infiltration was alleged to have taken place for at least sixteen years. Esposito allegedly extorted several other union officials and an insurance agent. At his home during a warranted search, authorities recovered an unregistered handgun, $3.8 million in cash, brass knuckledusters, and a handwritten list of American Mafia members.[111]

Esposito was granted bail for almost $10 million in April 2018, and pled not guilty.[112] In April 2019, Esposito pled guilty to conspiring to commit racketeering offenses with members and associates of the Genovese family.[113] He was sentenced in July 2019 to two years in prison.[114]

On August 13, 2020, an indictment charged soldier Christopher Chierchio along with Colombo family associate Frangesco "Frankie" Russo (the grandson of Colombo family boss Andrew Russo[115]), attorney Jason "Jay" Kurland and securities broker Frank Smookler with conspiracy, wire fraud and money laundering.[116] The indictment accused the "lottery attorney" Kurland along with Russo, Chierchio and Smookler with swindling $80 million from jackpot winners in an illegal scheme of siphoning money from the jackpot winners' investments.[116]

On April 26, 2022, an indictment was served charging capos Nicholas Calisi and Ralph Balsamo, soldiers Michael Messina and John Campanella, and associates Michael Poli and Thomas Poli, with racketeering conspiracy involving illegal gambling and extortion.[117] [118] Balsamo was previously arrested on April 12, and Calisi was detained in Boca Raton, Florida, and presented before a U.S. magistrate judge in the Southern District of Florida. According to the indictment, the defendants operated a criminal racketeering enterprise since at least 2011.[117] [118] [119] [120] On February 9, 2023, it was announced that all six defendants in the case had pleaded guilty to the racketeering charges.[121] [122]

On May 3, 2022, exactly a week after the Calisi and Balsamo indictments, another indictment was served that charged capo Anthony "Rom" Romanello, soldier Joseph Celso, and small-time actor and family associate Luan Bexheti with extortion and obstruction of justice.[123] Romanello, who authorities state controls the family's Queens crew, oversaw the extortion and intimidation of a Brooklyn restaurant owner, which was carried out by Celso and Bexheti.[124] All three pleaded not guilty and were released on bond.

On August 16, 2022, acting capo Carmelo "Carmine" Polito along with family soldier Joseph Macario, Genovese family associates Salvatore Rubino and Joseph Rutigliano, Bonnano family capo Anthony Pipitone, Bonanno soldier Vito Pipitone, Bonanno associate Agostino Gabriele and Nassau County Police Detective Hector Rosario were indicted and charged with racketeering, money laundering, illegal gambling, conspiracy and obstruction of justice. The Genovese family and the Bonanno family jointly operated several illegal gambling operations while using front businesses in Queens and Long Island to launder illegal profits. The indictment revealed that beginning in May 2012, the Genovese and Bonanno families jointly operated a lucrative illegal gambling operation in Lynbrook, New York called the Gran Caffe. The Genovese family members Carmelo Polito, Joseph Macario and associates Salvatore Rutigliano and Joseph Rubino were charged with operating illegal gambling parlors at establishments called Sal's Shoe Repair, the Centro Calcio Italiano Club and running an illegal online gambling scheme.

On November 30, 2022, Genovese family soldiers Elio Albanese and Carmine Russo were charged for their involvement in a scheme that involved obtaining oxycodone pills from a Midtown Manhattan doctor and having their associates sell the oxycodone on Staten Island.[125] [126]

On January 18, 2023, Genovese family soldier Christopher "Jerry" Chierchio was indicted along with Gambino family capo Frank "Calypso" Camuso, Gambino soldier Louis Astuto, Gambino associate Robert "Rusty" Baselice and 19 other defendants including 26 companies for a kickback scheme allegedly operated by Baselice, the vice president of the Grimaldi Group, a firm which allegedly received $4.2 million from contractors.[127] [128] [129] In 2019, Chierchio along with Baselice stole over $300,000 from developer, the indictment states that Baselice allegedly used his position from April 2013 to July 2021, to steal from his firm's developer clients by providing inside information about competitors' bids to subcontractors, among other offenses.[127] [128] [129]

On June 6, 2023, five men with connections to the Genovese and Lucchese crime families were indicted for carrying out two brazen midday Manhattan jewelry heists.[130] The robberies, committed on January 3, 2023, and May 20, 2023, respectively, netted the quintet around $2M. Arrested was Frank DiPietro, a Genovese associate, as well as Vincent Cerchio, Michael Sellick, Samuel Sore, and Vincent Spagnuolo.[131]

Historical leadership

Boss (official and acting)

Street boss (front boss)

The position of "front boss" was created by boss Philip Lombardo in efforts to divert law enforcement attention from himself. The family maintained this "front boss" deception for the next 20 years. Even after government witness Vincent Cafaro exposed this scam in 1988, the Genovese family still found this way of dividing authority useful. In 1992, the family revived the front boss post under the title of "street boss". This person served as day-to-day head of the family's operations under Gigante's remote direction.

Underboss (official and acting)

Consigliere (official and acting)

Messaggero

Messaggero – The messaggero (messenger) functions as liaison between crime families. The messenger can reduce the need for sit-downs, or meetings, of the mob hierarchy, and thus limit the public exposure of the bosses.

Administrative capos

If the official boss dies, goes to prison, or is incapacitated, the family may assemble a ruling committee of capos to help the acting boss, street boss, underboss, and consigliere run the family, and to divert attention from law enforcement.

Current family members

Administration

Caporegimes

The Bronx faction

Manhattan faction

Brooklyn

Queens faction

Westchester faction

New Jersey faction

See main article: Genovese crime family New Jersey faction.

Soldiers

New York

New Jersey

Associates

Former family members

Government informants and witnesses

Factions and territories

The Genovese family operates primarily in the New York City area; their main rackets are illegal gambling and labor racketeering.

Family crews

List of murders committed by the Genovese crime family

Name Date Reason
Vincent Capone July 1, 1976 39-year-old loan shark Capone was shot fifteen times by two gunmen in his Cadillac when he stopped at a red light in Hoboken, New Jersey.[326] He had been expected to turn state's evidence in an investigation against Genovese mobster John DiGilio.[327]
Frank Chin January 20, 1977 Chin, a 48-year-old wiretap expert, had been hired by John DiGilio to screen his offices for listening devices and to build wiretaps which were planted in the offices of several defense attorneys. He was shot six times in the head in the basement of his Manhattan apartment building because he was scheduled to testify against DiGilio in a federal case.
Thomas Palermo March 25, 1977 36-year-old Palermo was shot three times and left in the trunk of a rented car at Kennedy Airport over a $45,000 debt owed to Anthony Salerno.

In popular culture

The Genovese crime family has a long history of portrayal in Hollywood as the subject of film and television.

Television

Film

External links

Notes and References

  2. Web site: The Changing Face of organize crime in New Jersey. State of New Jersey Commission of Investigation. May 2004. May 13, 2020. June 11, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200611183158/https://www.nj.gov/sci/pdf/ocreport.pdf. dead.
  4. https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/147691NCJRS.pdf Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs USA Overview
  5. Web site: In our world, killing is easy': Latin Kings part of a web of organized crime alliances, say former gangsters and law enforcement officials . MassLive . December 28, 2019 . December 18, 2021 . Barry . Stephanie.
  6. Gangs and Organized Crime George W. Knox, Gregg Etter, and Carter F. Smith (2018)
  7. https://medium.com/tftunderworld/the-legacy-of-east-harlems-purple-gang-is-one-of-fear-and-violence-039c7754f8fc#:~:text=Named%20after%20the%20famous%20Purple,the%20Bonanno%20and%20Genovese%20families. The Legacy of East Harlem’s Purple Gang Is One of Fear and Violence
  8. http://www.wmob.com/cast.html The Frank And Fritzy Show: Cast
  9. News: Marzulli . John . Mobster 'Mikey Cigars' Coppola won't rat out pals in Genovese crew . April 17, 2012 . New York Daily News . July 1, 2009 .
  10. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/1695310.stm Genoveses 'top of five Mafia families'
  11. https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/27/nyregion/a-who-s-who-and-who-s-where-of-mafia-families.html A Who's Who, and Who's Where, of Mafia Families
  12. Jerry Capeci The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Mafia, 2nd Edition pg.59
  13. [Jerry Capeci|Capeci, Jerry]
  14. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/09/08/105463376.pdf "2 Die In Pistol Fight in Brooklyn Street"
  15. David Critchley The Origin of Organized Crime in America: The New York City Mafia, 1891–1931 pg.155
  16. http://www.crimelibrary.com/gangsters_outlaws/family_epics/genovese1/1.html Epic saga of the Genovese Crime Family
  17. Book: The Five Families . May 13, 2014 . MacMillan . 9781429907989 . June 22, 2008.
  18. Book: Reppetto, Thomas. American Mafia: a history of its rise to power. 2004. Henry Holt and Company. New York. 0-8050-7210-1. 137. registration. Joe Adonis.. 1st.
  19. Book: Newton . Michael . Boss of Murder, Inc. The Criminal Life of Albert Anastasia . March 25, 2020 . McFarland Incorporated Publishers . 9781476639413 . 39 . March 20, 2022.
  20. News: Pollak. Michael. Coney Island's Big Hit. October 31, 2012. The New York Times. June 29, 2012.
  21. Sifakis, (2005). pp. 87–88
  22. Book: Martin A.. Gosch. Richard. Hammer. Lucky. Luciano. The Last Testament of Lucky Luciano. 1975. Little, Brown. 978-0-316-32140-2. 130–132.
  23. Sifakis
  24. Book: Cohen, Rich. Tough Jews. 1999. Vintage Books. New York. 0-375-70547-3. 65–66. registration. Genovese maranzano.. 1st Vintage Books.
  25. http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989779,00.html "Lucky Luciano: Criminal Mastermind"
  26. https://web.archive.org/web/20080911231857/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/family_epics/genovese1/2.html "Genovese family saga"
  27. "The Genovese Family", Crime Library, Crime Library
  28. News: The Commission's Origins. 1986. The New York Times. February 22, 2017.
  29. Web site: Gribben. Mark. Murder, Inc.: Dutch gets his. https://web.archive.org/web/20081009100849/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/gang/inc/6.html. dead. October 9, 2008. Crime Library. September 2, 2013.
  30. Book: Gosch, Martin & Richard Hammer. The Last Testament of Lucky Luciano: The Mafia Story in His Own Words. Enigma Books. 2013. 9781936274581. 223–224.
  31. Newark, p. 81
  32. News: Schultz is shot, one aide killed, and 3 wounded. September 2, 2013. The New York Times. October 24, 1935.
  33. News: Schultz's Murder Laid to Lepke Aide. June 24, 2012. The New York Times. March 28, 1941.
  34. Stolberg, p. 133
  35. How prosecutors brought down Lucky Luciano . American Bar Association Journal.
  36. News: Lucania Convicted with 8 in Vice Ring on 62 Counts Each . June 17, 2012 . The New York Times. June 8, 1936.
  37. Web site: Luciano Trial Website . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090131202519/http://www.lucianotrial1936.com/codef.html . January 31, 2009.
  38. News: Lucania Sentenced to 30 to 50 Years; Court Warns Ring. June 17, 2012. The New York Times. June 19, 1936.
  39. Book: Sifakis, Carl. The Mafia encyclopedia. 2005. Facts on File. New York. 0-8160-5694-3. 277. 3..
  40. News: Pardoned Luciano on His Way to Italy. June 16, 2012. The New York Times. February 11, 1946.
  41. News: Frank Costello Dies of Coronary at 82; Underworld Leader. June 6, 2012. The New York Times. February 19, 1973.
  42. News: Carmine De Sapio, Political Kingmaker and Last Tammany Hall Boss, Dies at 95 . Kandell, Jonathan . The New York Times . July 28, 2004 . February 17, 2014 .
  43. Web site: Costello Is Released in $50,000 Bail. June 20, 1954. The New York Times.
  44. http://www.crimelibrary.com/gangsters_outlaws/family_epics/genovese1/3.html Epic saga of the Genovese Crime Family
  45. News: Costello is Shot Entering Home; Gunman Escapes Wound. December 31, 2011. The New York Times. May 3, 1957.
  46. http://www.crimelibrary.com/gangsters_outlaws/family_epics/genovese1/4.html Epic saga of the Genovese Crime Family
  47. News: 20 Apalachin Convictions Ruled Invalid On Appeal. May 28, 2012. Toledo Blade. November 29, 1960.
  48. http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/285/408/161203/ United States of America, Appellee v. Russell Bufalino et.
  49. News: Tully. Andrew. Mafia Raid Confirms 20-year Undercover Findings by T-Men. May 28, 2012. The Pittsburgh Press. September 2, 1958.
  50. News: Feinberg. Alexander. Genovese is Given 15 Years in Prison in Narcotics Case. January 15, 2012. The New York Times. April 18, 1959.
  51. http://www.crimelibrary.com/gangsters_outlaws/family_epics/genovese1/5.html Epic saga of the Genovese Crime Family
  52. Web site: History of La Cosa Nostra. fbi.gov.
  53. Jerry Capeci. (2002) "The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Mafia", Alpha Books. p. 200.
  54. Book: Rudolf, Robert. 1993. Mafia Wiseguys: The Mob That Took on the Feds. New York. SPI Books. 41. 978-1-56171-195-6.
  55. Book: Dietche, Scott M.. 2009. The Everything Mafia Book: True-life accounts of legendary figures, infamous crime families, and nefarious deeds . Avon, Massachusetts. Adams Media. 188 - 189. 978-1-59869-779-7.
  56. News: Kelly . G. Milton. Valachi To Tell Of Gang War For Power. Warsaw Times-Union . October 1, 1963 . May 28, 2012.
  57. Web site: The rat who started it all; For 40 years, Joe Valachi has been in a Lewiston cemetery, a quiet end for the mobster who blew the lid off Cosa Nostra when he testified before Congress in 1963. buffalonews.com. October 9, 2011. January 5, 2020. October 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191002211335/https://buffalonews.com/2011/10/09/the-rat-who-started-it-all-for-40-years-joe-valachi-has-been-in-a-lewiston-cemetery-a-quiet-end-for-the-mobster-who-blew-the-lid-off-cosa-nostra-when-he-testified-before-congress-in-1963/. dead.
  58. News: Lawyer William G. Hundley, 80 . . Adam. Bernstein. June 14, 2006. June 21, 2015.
  59. Killers in Prison . Time . October 4, 1963 . January 5, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20090516071207/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,875227,00.html . May 16, 2009 . dead.
  60. The Smell of It . Time . October 11, 1963 . January 5, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090516051145/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,873080,00.html . May 16, 2009 . dead.
  61. Their Thing . Time . August 16, 1963 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090514072902/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,894561,00.html . dead . May 14, 2009 . February 27, 2019.
  62. Book: Raab, Selwyn. Five Families . St. Martin's Press. 2005. New York. 135–136.
  63. Book: Newton, Michael. The encyclopedia of unsolved crimes. 2009. Facts on File. New York. 978-1-4381-1914-4. 115. 2nd.
  64. News: Pace. Eric. Funerals Aren't What They Used to Be. March 23, 2012. The New York Times. July 23, 1972.
  65. News: Perlmutter. Emanuel. A Key Gang Figure Slain in Brooklyn. March 23, 2012. The New York Times. July 17, 1972.
  66. http://www.crimelibrary.com/gangsters_outlaws/family_epics/genovese1/7.html Epic saga of the Genovese Crime Family
  67. News: Winerip . Michael . High-Profile Prosecutor . . June 9, 1985 . April 1, 2022.
  68. News: Lubasch. Arnold H.. Judge Sentences 8 Mafia Leaders to Prison Terms . October 13, 2011. The New York Times. January 14, 1987.
  69. Raab, pp. 556-557.
  70. Lubasch, Arnold H. (March 21, 1987). "Major Mafia Leader Turns Informer, Secretly Recording Meetings of Mob". The New York Times.
  71. http://www.crimelibrary.com/gangsters_outlaws/family_epics/genovese1/8.html Epic saga of the Genovese Crime Family
  72. News: Raab. Selwyn. With Gotti Away, the Genoveses Succeed the Leaderless Gambinos. September 3, 1995. The New York Times. June 29, 2013.
  73. Book: Raab, Selwyn . The Five Families: The Rise, Decline & Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empire . New York . St. Martins Press . 2005 . 0312300948 .
  74. https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/31/nyregion/suspected-new-york-mob-leaders-are-indicted-in-contract-rigging.html?scp=18&sq=Aloi%20Colombo&st=cse "Suspected New York Mob Leaders Are Indicted in Contract Rigging"
  75. Web site: Mob Inquiry Focuses on Reputed Boss Who Eludes Trial . https://web.archive.org/web/20150526103103/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/12/11/nyregion/mob-inquiry-focuses-on-reputed-boss-who-eludes-trial.html. dead. May 26, 2015. The New York Times. May 26, 2015.
  76. News: Raab. Selwyn. U.S. Says Top Gotti Aide Will Testify Against Boss. The New York Times . November 12, 1991 . April 24, 2012.
  77. Web site: Jurors Find Gigante Guilty Of Racketeering, Not Murder. Joseph P.. Fried. July 26, 1997. The New York Times.
  78. Web site: Jurors Find Gigante Guilty Of Racketeering, Not Murder . https://web.archive.org/web/20150527070129/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/26/nyregion/jurors-find-gigante-guilty-of-racketeering-not-murder.html. dead. May 27, 2015. The New York Times. May 27, 2015.
  79. Web site: Gigante Sentenced to 12 Years And Is Fined $1.25 Million . https://web.archive.org/web/20110127192904/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/19/nyregion/gigante-sentenced-to-12-years-and-is-fined-1.25-million.html. dead. January 27, 2011. The New York Times. January 27, 2011.
  80. News: Vitello . Paul . 2012-08-23 . Matthew Ianniello, the Mafia Boss Known as 'Matty the Horse,' Dies at 92 . 2024-04-29 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
  81. News: Claffey. Mike. Snitch Stole 3 Years of Mob Secrets. April 17, 2012. New York Daily News. January 28, 2002.
  82. News: Smith. Greg B.. Genovese Family Keeps Its Chin Up Gigante becomes top don as Gotti fades. April 17, 2012. New York Daily News. August 12, 2001.
  83. Web site: Gigante Is Sane And Runs Mob, U.S. Charges . https://web.archive.org/web/20121109022543/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/24/nyregion/gigante-is-sane-and-runs-mob-us-charges.html. dead. November 9, 2012. The New York Times. November 9, 2012.
  84. Raab, p. 597-599
  85. Web site: Gigante's Son Released on Bail. Susan. Saulny. January 27, 2002 . The New York Times.
  86. Web site: Gigante Pleads Guilty to Obstructing Justice. Andy. Newman. April 7, 2003 . The New York Times.
  87. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2003/04/08/MN89146.DTL Mob boss admits insanity an act, pleads guilty
  88. https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/20/obituaries/vincent-gigante-mob-boss-who-feigned-incompetence-to-avoid-jail.html Vincent Gigante, Mob Boss Who Feigned Incompetence to Avoid Jail, Dies at 77
  89. Raab, p. 598
  90. Web site: Mob Son Follows 'chin' to Prison. Kati Cornell. Smith. July 26, 2003.
  91. News: Rashbaum (NYT) . William K. . 2005-07-29 . Metro Briefing New York: Manhattan: Reputed Mob Family Boss Indicted . 2024-04-29 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
  92. News: Press . The Associated . 2006-06-10 . Mob Figures Are Charged With Controlling Trash Hauling in Connecticut . 2024-04-29 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
  93. News: Rashbaum. William K.. Gigante, Mafia Boss, Is Mourned and Buried With Little Fanfare. April 29, 2012. The New York Times. December 24, 2005.
  94. Capeci, Jerry, "Meet the Genovese Crime Family's New Boss, November 30, 2006, The New York Sun
  95. http://www.crimelibrary.com/gangsters_outlaws/family_epics/genovese1/10.html Epic saga of the Genovese Crime Family
  96. http://www.nypost.com/seven/03082009/news/regionalnews/its_a_mob_family_circus_158597.htm IT'S A MOB FAMILY CIRCUS
  97. News: City's main mob power . New York Post . Stefanie . Cohen . October 18, 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110606221607/http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/staten_island/item_CwQvpGPW4GVkV2FoY8fX5L/1 . June 6, 2011 .
  98. Web site: 'ROOSTER' O'NOFRIO RESPONSIBLE FOR GENOVESE INTERESTS IN LITTLE ITALY & SPRINGFIELD (MA), LINKED TO '72 MOB SLAYING. Gangster Report. August 5, 2016 . November 28, 2017.
  99. Web site: Gangsters Guilty In Grisly Extortion Plot. Hartford Courant. November 7, 2017 . November 28, 2017.
  100. News: Crime family associate sentenced for extortion. April 20, 2018. Boston Herald. March 13, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180421030936/http://www.bostonherald.com/news/local_coverage/2018/03/crime_family_associate_sentenced_for_extortion. April 21, 2018. dead.
  101. Web site: 2 Longmeadow mobsters sentenced in federal court. WWLP. April 11, 2018 . April 20, 2018.
  102. Web site: Court filing IDs Springfield tow company operator with city contract as main witness in extortion case. Masslive.com. October 11, 2017 . April 20, 2018.
  103. Web site: 'This wasn't organized crime, this was a mess,' says defense lawyer in federal extortion trial. Masslive.com. December 18, 2017 . April 20, 2018.
  104. Web site: Ralph Santaniello sentenced to 5 years in prison for mob-related extortion scheme. Massachusetts Live. April 11, 2018 . April 20, 2018.
  105. Web site: Snake eyes: Reputed S.I. wiseguy sentenced for gambling operation. Silive.com. October 30, 2017 . November 29, 2017.
  106. Web site: Over the hill mobsters busted for off-shore gambling ring. NY Post. December 15, 2016 . September 17, 2017.
  107. Web site: Police arrest alleged Genovese mobsters for operating off-shore gambling ring. ABC News. September 17, 2017.
  108. http://mafianewstoday.com/genovese-family-may-soon-have-new-boss "Family may soon have new Boss"
  109. News: 'Chin' Gigante's son among five mobsters cuffed in union extortion racket. January 14, 2018. The New York Daily News. VICTORIA BEKIEMPIS & LARRY MCSHANE. January 10, 2018.
  110. Web site: Members and Associates Of Genovese Crime Family Charged in Manhattan Federal Court with Racketeering Conspiracy and Related Offenses. United States Department of Justice. January 10, 2018 . January 14, 2018.
  111. Web site: Genovese Mobsters Charged with Running Brooklyn UFCW Rackets. National Legal and Policy Center. Carl Horowitz. April 19, 2018. May 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210513185208/https://nlpc.org/2018/01/31/five-mob-associates-charged-conspiracy-indictments-include-brooklyn-ufcw-officials/. dead.
  112. News: Son of mob boss 'Chin' Gigante free on costly $9.8M bond backed largely by mom's Upper East Side townhouse. April 19, 2018. New York Daily News. Larry McShane. April 19, 2018.
  113. News: Vincent Esposito Pleads Guilty In Manhattan Federal Court To Racketeering Conspiracy. July 26, 2020. US Department of Justice. April 10, 2019.
  114. News: Notorious Genovese boss' son gets prison for shakedown of union official. July 26, 2020. New York Post. July 19, 2019.
  115. News: Goldberg . Noah . Mob scion claiming respiratory illness should stay in jail amid COVID surge: feds . January 9, 2022 . News Paper . New York Daily News . December 14, 2020.
  116. News: Mustian . Jim . FBI: 'Lottery Lawyer' with mob ties swindled jackpot winners for millions . January 9, 2022 . News . Fox5NY . August 18, 2020.
  117. Web site: 2022-04-26. Four Members And Two Associates Of The Genovese Organized Crime Family Charged With Racketeering. 2022-04-27. www.justice.gov. en.
  118. Web site: Southern District of New York. U.S. Attorney’s Office . Four Members And Two Associates Of The Genovese Organized Crime Family Charged With Racketeering. U.S. Department of Justice . Department of Justice . 28 April 2022.
  119. News: Wallace . Danielle . Lorraine Taylor . NYC Mafia bust: Feds charge 6 Genovese crime family mobsters in 11-year gambling, violent extortion enterprise: The mobsters allegedly made their money through illegal gambling and loan sharking . 1 May 2022 . News Paper . Fox News . 26 April 2022.
  120. News: Golding . Bruce . Ben Feuerherd . 6 Genovese mobsters busted for gambling, extortion conspiracy: feds . 1 May 2022 . News Paper . 26 April 2022 . New York Post.
  121. News: U.S. Attorney's Office . Southern District of New York . February 9, 2023 . Six Genovese Organized Crime Family Defendants Plead Guilty To Racketeering . U.S. Department of Justice . https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113732/https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/six-genovese-organized-crime-family-defendants-plead-guilty-racketeering . February 10, 2023.
  122. News: Brodner . Curtis . February 10, 2023 . 6 mafiosos from Genovese crime family plead guilty in racketeering case . . https://web.archive.org/web/20230210112430/https://www.audacy.com/1010wins/news/local/6-from-genovese-crime-family-plead-guilty-to-racketeering . February 10, 2023.
  123. Web site: Parry . Bill . 2022-05-03 . Astoria actor with Genovese crime family ties busted by feds in an extortion plot – QNS.com . 2022-05-04 . qns.com . en-US.
  124. Web site: Fenton . Reuven . Feuerherd . Ben . Golding . Bruce . 2022-05-03 . 'Albanian Gangster' actor enlisted Genovese mobsters to collect debt: sources . 2022-05-04 . New York Post . en-US.
  125. News: Luces . David . 9, including 3 Staten Islanders and an NYC doctor, charged in scheme to distribute thousands of prescription pills . 4 December 2022 . News Paper . SILive . 1 December 2022.
  126. News: Rosner . Elizabeth . Katherine Donlevy . NYC doctor charged with prescribing thousands of pills in drug-dealing scheme . 4 December 2022 . News Paper . New York Post . 30 November 2022.
  127. News: Capeci . Jerry . January 19, 2023 . As We've Been Reporting For Years, The Death Of The Mob Is Greatly Exaggerated . Gangland News . https://web.archive.org/web/20230119121136/https://ganglandnews.com/ . January 19, 2023.
  128. News: District Attorney's Office . Manhattan . January 18, 2023 . D.A. Bragg, DOI Commissioner Strauber, NYPD Commissioner Sewell Announce Indictment in Massive Construction Industry Kickback Scheme . Manhattan District Attorney's Office . https://web.archive.org/web/20230119060717/https://www.manhattanda.org/d-a-bragg-nypd-doi-announce-indictment-in-massive-construction-industry-kickback-scheme-2/ . January 19, 2023.
  129. News: Rosner . Elizabeth . Celona . Larry . January 18, 2023 . Gambino mobster Frank Camuso busted in sprawling NYC construction kickback scheme . . https://web.archive.org/web/20230119062044/https://nypost.com/2023/01/18/gambino-mobster-busted-in-sprawling-nyc-construction-scheme/ . January 19, 2023.
  130. Web site: 2023-06-06 . Men arrested for stealing $2M in jewelry in NYC robberies . 2023-06-20 . en-US.
  131. Web site: Feds charge 5 men in brazen NYC jewelry heists that ripped off $2 million . 2023-06-20 . USA TODAY . en-US.
  132. Web site: The Strange Saga of the 'Odd Father,' the Mob Boss Who Faked Mental Illness. Vice. May 17, 2016 . April 20, 2018.
  133. News: Mob justice: A year of violence in gangland. April 20, 2018. New York Daily News. Jay Maeder. August 14, 2017.
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  155. Escaping the Law, One Last Time...: An Elusive Mobster's End, Double-Checked by William K. Rashbaum February 1, 2011, The New York Times.
  156. Web site: Barney's Bravado Gives the Feds Fits . NY SUN . Jerry Capeci . October 22, 2019 . July 12, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210712161657/https://www.nysun.com/new-york/barneys-bravado-gives-the-feds-fits/53741/ . dead .
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  160. http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=NameSearch&needingMoreList=false&LastName=Pagano&Middle=&FirstName=Daniel&Race=U&Sex=U&Age=&x=327&y=292 Daniel Pagano
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  162. Web site: Taliaferro . Lanning . March 12, 2015 . Rockland Man Admits Role as Capo in Genovese Crime Family Danny Pagano pleaded guilty to racketeering today in federal court . May 15, 2021 . Patch.
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  164. Web site: Federal Bureau of Prisons: Inmate Locator "Ernest Muscarella" . Bop.gov. July 12, 2020.
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  166. News: Vincent "Chin" Gigante, Boss of the Genovese Crime Family, Together With Genovese Acting Boss, Former Acting Boss, Family Captain, 2 Soldiers, and 2 Associates Indicted and Charged With Infiltration of Longshoremen's Union. Ipsn.org. January 23, 2002. July 12, 2020. December 6, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20091206115805/http://www.ipsn.org/characters/gigante/2002jan23.htm. dead.
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  183. News: U.S. CHARGES ACTING BOSS AND OVER 30 MEMBERS AND ASSOCIATES OF THE GENOVESE ORGANIZED CRIME FAMILY WITH RACKETEERING AND OTHER OFFENSES INCLUDING MURDER, EXTORTION, NARCOTICS TRAFFICKING, AND FIREARMS TRAFFICKING . 25 February 2024 . United States Attorney Southern District of New York . United States Attorney Southern District of New York . 23 February 2006.
  184. Web site: Brown, Stephen Rex . September 29, 2014 . Genovese Mobster nicknamed "Uncle Patty' sentenced to 30 months in prison for loan sharking . April 5, 2020 . New York Daily News . en-us.
  185. Web site: FBI New York Press Office . September 18, 2013 . Manhattan U.S. Attorney Charges Seven Additional Members and Associates of Genovese and Bonanno Organized Crime Families with Narcotics Trafficking Conspiracy and Loan Sharking . April 5, 2020 . U.S. Attorney's Office . en-us.
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  189. Web site: October 9, 2019 . Restaurant consultant linked to reputed Mafia captain can't work with Pa. casino, state court says . February 10, 2021 . pennlive . en.
  190. Web site: Commission investigations with our law enforcement partners . The Year in Review (2016-2017) . WCNYH.gov . 13 November 2022.
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  195. Book: Jacobs . James B. . Kerry T. Cooperman . Breaking the Devil's Pact The Battle to Free the Teamsters from the Mob . 2011 . NYU Press . 9780814743669 . 26 . 21 January 2023.
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  200. Web site: Fourmy . Patrick . Organized Crime NJ - Various Sources . Scribd . 13 November 2022.
  201. Web site: Docket Nos. 06-1280-cr (L), 06-2683-cr (con), 06-2862-cr (con), 06-2878-cr(con), 06-2910-cr(con) . U.S. v. Riggi (541 F.3d 94) . Casemine . United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit . 13 November 2022.
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  203. News: Burnstein . Scott M. . From Lassos To Valued Mob Capo & Liaison, Rocco DiPietro Is No Longer The Gunslinger Of His Younger Days In The Genovese . Gangster Report . 25 February 2024 . 13 June 2023.
  204. News: Burnstein . Scott M. . Genealogy In The Genovese: The DiPietros Have Deep Family Ties To Several NYC Mafia Powerhouses, Per SitDown News, GR Sources . Gangster Report . 25 February 2024 . 12 June 2023.
  205. News: WEISS . MURRAY J . Hunt Fed Parolee in Killing . 25 February 2024 . New Paper . New Papers . 24 August 1983.
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  207. News: Marzulli. John. Genovese wiseguy Anthony Romanello lucks out, cops to gambling rap with feds Faced more serious gun count, but witness' death leads to reduced charges, permission to hang with mobbed-up Parkside Restaurant pal. New York Daily News. January 10, 2012. July 31, 2012.
  208. News: Anderson . Cerisse . Mario Gigante, the brother of a reputed boss of... . 22 January 2023 . News Paper . UPI Archives . 15 June 1983.
  209. News: Van Natta Jr. . Don . Garbage Hauling Is Tied to Mafia in Suburbs . 22 January 2023 . News Paper . . 25 June 1996.
  210. Web site: SALVATORE GIGANTE Register Number: 82099-054 . Federal Bureau of Prison . 22 January 2023.
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  215. News: February 4, 2009 . U.S. Charges Former Acting Boss and 12 Other Members, Associates of the Genovese Organized Crime Family . May 29, 2012 . Newyork.fbi.gov.
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  217. News: Gearty . Robert . August 31, 2010 . Capo Anthony Palumbo takes plea in '92 organized crime hit plot . May 29, 2012 . New York Daily News.
  218. Web site: Mobster for Genovese Crime Family Gets 10 Years For "Murder Conspiracy" Involving a Hitman for the Russian Mob . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20210924181847/https://www.ticklethewire.com/2011/05/05/mobster-for-genovese-crime-family-gets-10-years-for-murder-conspiracy-involving-a-hitman-for-the-russian-mob/ . September 24, 2021 . May 1, 2015 . ticklethewire.com.
  219. Jerry Capeci. Tino looks for Christmas past. April 12, 2010. The Huffington Post.Jerry Capeci: Tino Looks For Chrismas Past
  220. http://www.usdoj.gov/usao/nye/pr/2005/2005apr05.html Press Release: Genovese Family Acting Boss Dominick "Quiet Dom" Cirillo and Three Captains Indicted for Racketeering
  221. http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=NameSearch&needingMoreList=false&FirstName=Anthony&Middle=&LastName=Antico&Race=U&Sex=U&Age=&x=0&y=0 "Anthony Antico"
  222. http://www.silive.com/news/index.ssf/2010/03/mobster_charged_in_jewelers_sl.html "Mobster charged in jeweler's slaying"
  223. Web site: Anthony Antico . March 18, 2012 . Bureau of Prisons Inmate Locator . February 25, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120225092515/http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=NameSearch&needingMoreList=false&FirstName=Anthony&Middle=&LastName=Antico&Race=U&Sex=U&Age=&x=0&y=0 . dead .
  224. News: Raab. Selwyn. October 19, 1998. Barney, Mob Suspect, Says He's the Wrong Barney. en-US. The New York Times. February 16, 2022. 0362-4331.
  225. http://www.thelaborers.net/indictments/cirillo_doj_pr.htm PRESS RELEASE:Genovese Family Acting Boss Dominick "Quiet Dom" Cirillo and Three Captains Indicted for Racketeering
  226. http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=NameSearch&needingMoreList=false&FirstName=John&Middle=&LastName=Barbato&Race=U&Sex=U&Age=&x=0&y=0 "John Barbato"
  227. Web site: 2022-06-16 . Butt-lift doctor to testify against 'lotto lawyer' brother-in-law accused of mob scam . 2022-08-23 . New York Post . en-US.
  228. Web site: United States v. Chierchio, 20-CR-306 (NGG) (S-1) Casetext Search + Citator . 2022-08-23 . casetext.com.
  229. Web site: BOP: Federal Inmates By Name . 2022-12-01 . www.bop.gov.
  230. News: Bagli . Charles V. . 2012-06-18 . New Twist in 6-Year Fight With Developer: Union Rally Leads to Riot Charges . en-US . The New York Times . 2022-12-01 . 0362-4331.
  231. Web site: Guart, Al . November 20, 2000 . Con Artist & The Sopranos Star Did Actor Help Hamptons Grifter Flee? . April 12, 2020 . New York Post . en-us.
  232. Web site: Weiss, Murray . December 6, 2001 . Mob Takes A Hit Undercover Cop Nails 73 Wiseguys . April 19, 2020 . New York Post . en-us.
  233. Web site: Worth, Robert F. . December 6, 2001 . Indictments Name 73 Linked to the Genovese Crime Family . April 19, 2020 . The New York Times . en-us.
  234. Web site: Weiss, Murray . December 17, 2001 . Genovese Allegedly Stole $1 Million from Union Funds . April 19, 2020 . National Legal and Policy Center . en-us . September 30, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200930165511/https://nlpc.org/2001/12/17/genovese-allegedly-stole-1-million-union-funds/ . dead .
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  239. Web site: Luces . David . 2022-08-17 . Feds: Bonanno, Genovese mobsters and associates, crooked L.I. cop charged in gambling ring . 2022-08-18 . silive . en.
  240. Web site: 2022-08-16 . Nine Members and Associates of Genovese and Bonanno Organized Crime Families Charged with Racketeering and Illegal Gambling Offenses . 2022-08-18 . www.justice.gov . en.
  241. News: Capeci . Jerry . Feds Want To Keep Carmine Pizza's Cash, And Revoke His Bail Too; Judge Say No . 24 March 2024 . News . Gangland . 21 March 2024.
  242. http://www.getnj.com/onlygameintown/messages0305/6360.shtml Lawrence Dentico Indicted
  243. http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=NameSearch&needingMoreList=false&LastName=dentico&Middle=&FirstName=lawrence&Race=U&Sex=U&Age=&x=0&y=0 Lawrence Dentico
  244. http://www.americanmafia.com/Mob_Report/10-28-02_Mob_Report.html Allan May's Mob Report current mob stuff
  245. http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=NameSearch&needingMoreList=false&FirstName=Rosario&Middle=&LastName=Gangi&Race=U&Sex=U&Age=&x2008=0&y=0 "Rosario Gangi"
  246. News: Genovese Family Soldier and 7 Genovese and Gambino Family Associates Charged With Racketeering Conspiracy, Loansharking, Extortion, Attempted Obstruction of Justice, Arson, and Murder . PR Newswire .
  247. News: Kati Cornell . Smith . MOB SON CUT OFF FROM 'CHIN' . 22 January 2023 . News Paper . New York Post . 26 January 2002.
  248. http://www.pdfdownload.org/pdf2html/pdf2html.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov%2Fusao%2Fnys%2Fpressreleases%2FMarch10%2Fleodanielsentencingpr.pdf&images=yes "Former Acting Boss of Genovese Crime Family Sentenced in Manhattan Court to 18 Additional Months in Prison"
  249. Web site: January 27, 2010 . Reputed acting crime boss pleads guilty to racketeering charges . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100131085837/http://www.northjersey.com/news/012710_Reputed_crime_boss_pleads_guilty_to_racketeering_charges_.html . January 31, 2010 . March 12, 2010 . NorthJersey.com.
  250. https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E01EFDF113CF932A05756C0A9679C8B63 12-Year Term in Largest Securities Fraud
  251. Web site: Greg Smith . Even Prison Can't Slow Down Mob Boss . May 20, 2020 . Sun-Sentinel . August 19, 2001 . en-US.
  252. http://www.businessweek.com/1996/51/b35062.htm THE MOB ON WALL STREET--PART 2
  253. https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F06EFDA153EF931A15753C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all Two Convicted as Leaders Of New York Trash Cartel
  254. http://www.laborers.org/PARTI.html Corruption Haunts Laborers International Union
  255. https://www.justice.gov/usao/eousa/foia_reading_room/usab4506.pdf USA Bulletin.
  256. Web site: James Messera . https://archive.today/20120723191101/http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=NameSearch&needingMoreList=false&FirstName=James&Middle=&LastName=Messera&Race=U&Sex=U&Age=&x=0&y=0 . dead . July 23, 2012 . March 18, 2012 . Bureau of Prisons Inmate Locator .
  257. Kates, Brian. "Genovese crime soldier Joseph (Rudy) Olivieri to finger contracting big, prosecutors say". October 19, 2010. New York Daily News.
  258. News: Kates. Brian. Reputed Genovese soldier Joseph Olivieri found guilty of perjury. April 17, 2012. New York Daily News. October 28, 2010.
  259. http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=NameSearch&needingMoreList=false&FirstName=Joseph&Middle=&LastName=Oliveri&Race=U&Sex=U&Age=&x=59&y=17 Joseph Olivieri Profile
  260. Web site: Waste And Abuse . March 12, 2010.
  261. News: Mobster Michael 'Mikey Cigars' Coppola beats murder rap. May 13, 2016. The New York Daily News. July 21, 2009.
  262. Web site: Staten Island caterer Frank DiMattina sentenced on extortion, gun convictions. SILive.com. March 30, 2012. May 1, 2015.
  263. Jerry Capeci's Gang Land By Jerry Capeci "Chin's last Dom runs the show"
  264. http://www.nysun.com/new-york/meet-the-genovese-crime-familys-new-boss/44363/ Meet the Genovese Crime Family's New Boss
  265. http://www.villagevoice.com/2002-09-24/news/cleaning-lessons-for-dirty-bosses/ Cleaning Lessons for Dirty Bosses
  266. News: Marzulli. John. November 19, 2002. MOB MONEY LAUNDERER WASHED UP. New York Daily News. April 17, 2012.
  267. News: Marzulli. John. October 11, 2002. SWAT OLDFELLA IN RACKETS WITH 5 YEARS. New York Daily News. April 17, 2012.
  268. Web site: Federal Bureau of Prisons: Inmate Locator "Salvatore Aparo". https://archive.today/20120729201656/http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=NameSearch&needingMoreList=false&FirstName=Salvatore&Middle=&LastName=Aparo&Race=W&Sex=M&Age=&x=0&y=0. dead. July 29, 2012. May 25, 2006. Bop.gov. April 24, 2012.
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  271. May 2004. The Changing Face of ORGANIZED CRIME IN NEW JERSEY A Status Report. 111.
  272. Web site: Michael Borelli Obituary. August 2, 2020. Legacy Obituaries. March 23, 2020 .
  273. Web site: State of New Jersey Inmate Finder. .state.nj.us . April 24, 2012. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120118080958/https://www6.state.nj.us/DOC_Inmate/inmatefinder?i=I. January 18, 2012.
  274. News: July 1, 2010 . Ludwig Bruschi 1934 - 2020. legacy.com . July 12, 2020.
  275. http://www.nlpc.org/view.asp?action=viewArticle&aid=781 PLASTERERS Union Racketeer Sentenced in NY Fed. Court
  276. News: Roy Rowan Reporter Associate Julia Lieblich. June 6, 1988. THE MAFIA'S BITE OF THE BIG APPLE Byzantine building codes and horrendous logistics help the mob control New York City construction -- at a price that the big developers have been all too willing to pay. CNN .
  277. Web site: Giuseppe Fanaro. gangrule.com. May 1, 2015. September 24, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210924184836/http://www.gangrule.com/biographies/giuseppe-fanaro. dead.
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  279. https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/31/nyregion/31judge.html?ex=1283140800&en=c40f9fec5434d257&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss "Judge Is Charged in Money-Laundering Case"
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  281. News: McNab. Matthew. May 23, 2012 . Feds charge 4 Bayonne men, 10 others with mob-run online betting operation. May 29, 2012. The Jersey Journal.
  282. News: Alleged genovese organized crime family member and associates among 14 charged in racketeering conspiracy. May 22, 2012. May 29, 2012. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120525214747/http://www.justice.gov/usao/nj/Press/files/Lascala%2C%20Joseph%20et%20al%20News%20Release.html. May 25, 2012. District Attorney's Office of New Jersey.
  283. Web site: Joseph LaScala Obituary - Cary, NC. Dignity Memorial. en. December 17, 2019.
  284. Book: Valentine, Douglas . The strength of the wolf : the secret history of America's war on drugs. 2004. Verso . London . 1-85984-568-1. 140.
  285. Book: Selvin, Joel . Peppermint Twist: The Mob, the Music, and the Most Famous Dance Club of the '60s. November 13, 2012. Macmillan. New York. 177 . 9781250013538.
  286. Book: Valentine, Douglas. The Strength of the Wolf: The Secret History of America's War on Drugs.. 2004. Verso. 140 . 9781859845684.
  287. Web site: Full text of "Investigation of improper activities in the labor or management field. Hearings before the Select Committee on Improper Activities in the Labor or Management Field" . May 1, 2015 . Internet Archive.
  288. Web site: The Montreal Gazette - Google News Archive Search . google.com. May 1, 2015.
  289. Web site: Arthur Nigro Obituary - Bronx, NY Sisto Funeral Home, Inc.. www.sistofh.com. December 17, 2019.
  290. https://www.justice.gov/usao/nys/pressreleases/July05/genovesefamilyindictmentpr.pdf "U.S. Indicts Numerous Genovese Family Members and Associates, Including an Acting Boss of the Family"
  291. http://www.nypost.com/p/news/regional/item_uOBBtYHZpHPd9n6IFQHmcI "Mob Capo, 87, Gets A Break"
  292. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/10/nyregion/10astor.html "Weighing Prison When the Convict Is Over 80"
  293. https://archive.today/20120801034458/http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=NameSearch&needingMoreList=false&FirstName=Ciro&Middle=&LastName=Perrone&Race=W&Sex=M&Age=&x=0&y=0 Federal Bureau of Prisons: Ciro Perrone
  294. http://www.nlpc.org/olap/UCU3/05_03_01.htm LONGSHOREMEN (ILA) / TEAMSTERS (IBT) / CARPENTERS (UBC) Longshore Union Allegedly Infiltrated by Genovese
  295. http://www.ipsn.org/characters/gigante/2002jan23.htm Vincent "Chin" Gigante, Boss of the Genovese Crime Family, Together with Genovese Acting Boss, Former Acting Boss, Family Captain, 2 Soldiers and 2 Associates Indicted and Charged with Infiltration of Longshoreman's Union
  296. http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=NameSearch&needingMoreList=false&FirstName=Charles&Middle=&LastName=Tuzzo&Race=U&Sex=U&Age=&x=0&y=0 "Charles Tuzzo"
  297. News: Hoffman. John J., Acting Attorney General. October 21, 2014. 11 Alleged Members and Associates of Genovese Crime Family Charged With Reaping Millions in Criminal Profits in New Jersey Through Loansharking, Illegal Check Cashing, Gambling & Money Laundering. NJ.gov. November 10, 2019.
  298. Web site: Eugene Ubriaco. gangrule.com. May 1, 2015.
  299. http://openjurist.org/383/f3d/65/united-states-v-bruno "383 F. 3d 65 - United States v. Bruno"
  300. Web site: Joseph Zito Obituary: AUGUST 13, 1936 – APRIL 7, 2020 . May 16, 2021.
  301. News: Major Mafia Leader Turns Informer, Secretly Recording Meetings of Mob. April 19, 2018. The New York Times. Arnold H. . Lubasch. March 21, 1987.
  302. Web site: Mob defector describes workings of Genovese family. UPI. Frances Ann . Burns. April 19, 2018.
  303. News: Organized-Crime Turncoat Testifies in gotti Prosecution . April 19, 2018 . The New York Times. Selwyn . Raab . January 23, 1990.
  304. Web site: Mob Geezer Squeals . The New York Post . January 27, 2003 . December 29, 2017.
  305. Web site: Mob Mole: Waterfront Biz No Day At Beach . John . Marzulli . May 14, 2018 . New York Daily News . January 27, 2003.
  306. News: On the Waterfront, in the Courtroom. The Washington Post. Larry McShane. April 19, 2018.
  307. Web site: Mobster 'Mikey Cigars' Coppola won't rat out pals in Genovese crew. New York Daily News. July 2009 . John Marzulli. April 19, 2018.
  308. News: Mob rat George Barone, 85, spews foulmouthed tirade in testimony against Genovese crime family. April 19, 2018. New York Daily News. John Marzulli. July 13, 2009.
  309. Web site: U.S. Charges 22 Members and Associates of the Genovese Crime Family with Racketeering, Other Offenses for Controlling the Drywall Industry in New York. FBI. April 28, 2018.
  310. Web site: The Year of the Rat. NY SUN. Jerry Capeci. April 28, 2018.
  311. News: Genovese crime soldier Joseph (Rudy) Olivieri to finger contracting big, prosecutors say. April 28, 2018. New York Daily News. Brian Kates. October 19, 2010.
  312. News: Barry. Stephanie. New York gangster John Bologna was FBI informant for nearly two decades in midst of the Al Bruno murder plot. The Republican. May 6, 2013. June 8, 2013.
  313. News: June 30, 2006. Alleged head of Florida Mafia ring arrested. NBC NEWS. May 2, 2018.
  314. News: Florida mobster, 96, pleads guilty. May 2, 2018. The Toronto Star. February 28, 2007.
  315. Web site: South Florida mobster's prison sentence cut in half. May 2, 2018. The Sun. June 1, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140601004236/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2012-02-15/news/fl-mob-capo-genovese-ruggiero-20120215_1_federal-prison-prison-sentence-drug-money. dead.
  316. News: Barry. Stephanie. Felix Tranghese of East Longmeadow gets 4 years in connection with 2003 Al Bruno murder, other crimes. The Republican. December 7, 2012. June 8, 2013.
  317. Web site: March 2, 2016. Witness claims buddy was 'straightened out' by the mob. December 12, 2021. silive. en.
  318. Web site: May 3, 2013. From reality to real-life rat. December 12, 2021. New York Post. en-US.
  319. Web site: (Archive) Satin Dolls owner outed as mob informant . North Jersey.com . March 2, 2022.
  320. Organized Crime By Howard Abadinsky p.80
  321. Web site: The Day - Google News Archive Search. google.com. May 1, 2015.
  322. News: Curcio prison term ends today . Connecticut Post . October 29, 2003.
  323. http://www.asminor.info/organizedcrimesyndicates/springfield-mass.html Genovese crime family Springfield Representatives
  324. http://www.masslive.com/springfield/republican/index.ssf?/base/news-30/128384911052310.xml&coll=1 "Lawyers: Mobster becomes informant"
  325. Web site: The Republican Photo Desk . Fotios and Ty Geas, Arthur Nigro found guilty of murder, extortion, attempted murder, racketeering in Al Bruno murder case . April 2011 . masslive.com . April 24, 2012.
  326. https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news/123149646/ 3 Killings Linked to Same Gun
  327. https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0%2C33009%2C914890-2%2C00.html New Mafia Killer: A Silenced .22
  328. Web site: Mobsters. www.imdb.com.

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