Luce–Celler Act Explained
| Luce–Celler Act |
| Signedpresident: | Harry Truman |
| Signeddate: | July 2, 1946 |
The Luce–Celler Act of 1946, Pub. L. No. 79-483, 60 Stat. 416, is an Act of the United States Congress which provided a quota of 100 Filipinos[1] and 100 Indians from Asia to immigrate to the United States per year,[2] which for the first time allowed these people to naturalize as American citizens.[3] [4] Upon becoming citizens, these new Americans could own property under their names and even petition for their immediate family members from abroad.[5]
The Act was proposed by Republican Clare Boothe Luce and Democrat Emanuel Celler in 1943 and signed into law by U.S. President Harry S. Truman on July 2, 1946, two days before the Philippines became independent with the signing of the Treaty of Manila on July 4, 1946. Because of the imminent independence of the Philippines, Filipinos would have been barred from immigrating without the Act.[6]
Prior to 1946, Indian nationals were not eligible to naturalize in the United States.[7] [8] They were also not allowed to obtain any form of permanent residency, a legal status introduced later under the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952.
See also
Notes and References
- Book: Bayor, Ronald . Multicultural America: An Encyclopedia of the Newest Americans . 2011 . . 978-0-313-35786-2 . 714 . 7 February 2011.
- Book: Bayor, Ronald . Multicultural America: An Encyclopedia of the Newest Americans . 2011 . . 978-0-313-35786-2 . 969 . 7 February 2011.
- Web site: The US has come a long way since its first, highly restrictive naturalization law . July 4, 2016 . . 2020-07-31.
- Book: Okihiro, Gary Y. . The Columbia Guide to Asian American History . 2005 . . New York . 978-0-231-11511-7 . 24 . 7 February 2011. Gary Okihiro.
- Book: Mabalon, Dawn B. . Filipinos in Stockton . Rico Reyes . 2008 . Arcadia Publishing . 978-0-7385-5624-6 . 8 . 7 February 2012.
- Book: Trinh Võ, Linda . Mobilizing an Asian American community . 2004 . . Philadelphia . 978-1-59213-262-1 . 20–21. 7 February 2012 . The Philippines was granted independence in 1946, and Filipinos, then barred from immigration along with individuals from other countries in the "Eastern Hemisphere," were allotted 100 immigration slots (Yu 1980)..
- See United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind; Web site: In the Matter of K. Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA). May 26, 1945. Casetext.com. 2019-10-12.
- Book: Huping Ling. Allan W. Austin. Asian American History and Culture: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia. 17 March 2015. Taylor & Francis. 978-1-317-47644-3. 1111.
Book: Kathryn Gin Lum. Paul Harvey. The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Race in American History. 1 March 2018. Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-022118-8. 449.
