| Native Name: | Wojewodztwo lubelskie |
| Conventional Long Name: | Lublin Voivodeship |
| Common Name: | Lublin |
| Subdivision: | Voivodeship |
| Nation: | Poland |
| Year Start: | 1919 |
| Event1: | Territorial changes |
| Date Event1: | 1 April 1938 |
| Year End: | 1939 |
| Date Start: | 14 August |
| Event End: | Annexed by Germany |
| Date End: | September |
| P1: | Russian Empire |
| Flag P1: | Flag of Russia.svg |
| S1: | General Government |
| Flag S1: | Flag_of_German_Reich_(1935–1945).svg |
| Image Map Caption: | Location of the Lublin Voivodeship (red) within the Second Polish Republic, 1938. |
| Capital: | Lublin |
| Government Type: | Voivodeship |
| Title Deputy: | Voivode |
| Deputy1: | Stanisław Moskalewski |
| Year Deputy1: | 1919–1926 |
| Deputy2: | Jerzy Albin de Tramecourt |
| Year Deputy2: | 1937–1939 |
| Stat Area1: | 31123 |
| Stat Pop1: | 2087951 |
| Stat Year1: | 1921 |
| Stat Pop2: | 2116200 |
| Stat Year2: | 1931 |
| Stat Area3: | 26555 |
| Stat Year3: | 1939 |
| Political Subdiv: | 16 powiats, 29 cities |
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo Lubelskie) was a unit of administrative division of the Second Polish Republic between the two world wars, in the years 1919–1939. The province's capital and biggest city was Lublin.
The Voivodeship was founded by the decree of Polish Parliament Sejm of 14 August 1919.[1] In the years 1919–1939 (unlike today), Lublin Voivodeship covered the central part of interwar Poland – the heartland of the country – bordering Białystok Voivodeship (1919–39) to the north, Warsaw Voivodeship and Kielce Voivodeship to the west, Lwów Voivodeship to the south and Polesie Voivodeship as well as Volhynian Voivodeship to the east. Its area, after April 1, 1938 (see: Territorial changes of Polish Voivodeships on April 1, 1938) was 26,555 km2. Landscape was flat and hilly in the south, forests covered only 16.6% of the area (with nation's average of 22.2%, as for January 1, 1937).
According to the Polish census of 1921 which was the First General Census in the Second Polish Republic following World War I (conducted by the Main Bureau of Statistics, see originals),[2] the population of Lublin Voivodeship could be categorized by both location and religious beliefs in the following way.[2] [3]
| County | Roman Catholic | Eastern Orthodox | Jewish | Other | |
| 1 | Biała Podl. | 37,239 (62.6%) | 9,551 (16%) | 11 550 (19.4%) | 1 180 (2%) |
| 2 | Biłgoraj | 65,889 (72.4%) | 15,883 (17.5%) | 9,056 (9.9%) | 188 (0.2%) |
| 3 | Chełm | 68,770 (56.6%) | 24,701 (20.3%) | 19,912 (16.4%) | 8,092 (6.7%) |
| 4 | Garwolin | 117,391 (85.2%) | 126 (0.1%) | 17,772 (12.9%) | 2,488 (1.8%) |
| 5 | Hrubieszów | 50,735 (48.9%) | 38,468 (37%) | 13,967 (13.5%) | 671 (0.6%) |
| 6 | Janów | 117,368 (89.3%) | 697 (0.5%) | 13,407 (10.2%) | 30 (0.02%) |
| 7 | Konstantynów | 53,667 (82.5%) | 4,012 (6.2%) | 7,241 (11.1%) | 135 (0.2%) |
| 8 | Krasnystaw | 102,016 (87.1%) | 4,149 (3.5%) | 10,493 (9.0%) | 422 (0.4%) |
| 9 | Lubartów | 83,732 (87%) | 1,197 (1.2%) | 9,669 (10%) | 1,645 (1.7%) |
| 10 | Lublin (city) | 55,610 (58.9%) | 514 (0.5%) | 37,337 (39.5%) | 951 (1%) |
| 11 | Lublin (distr.) | 128,303 (91.7%) | 910 (0.7%) | 9,608 (6.9%) | 1,079 (0.8%) |
| 12 | Łuków | 107,604 (87.3%) | 932 (0.8%) | 14,185 (11.5%) | 552 (0.4%) |
| 13 | Puławy | 129,281 (86.8%) | 206 (0.1%) | 19,296 (12.9%) | 238 (0.2%) |
| 14 | Radzyń | 70,976 (80.3%) | 1,862 (2.1%) | 14,765 (16.7%) | 778 (0.9%) |
| 15 | Siedlce | 76,446 (77.6%) | 851 (0.9%) | 18,821 (19.1%) | 2,345 (2.4%) |
| 16 | Sokołów | 67,224 (88.4%) | 420 (0.6%) | 8,294 (10.9%) | 141 (0.2%) |
| 17 | Tomaszów | 57,869 (62.4%) | 22,389 (24.1%) | 12,154 (13.1%) | 397 (0.4%) |
| 18 | Węgrów | 68,985 (83.3%) | 185 (0.2%) | 9,325 (11.3%) | 4,277 (5.2%) |
| 19 | Włodawa | 40,881 (53.3%) | 20,104 (26.2%) | 13,562 (17.7%) | 2,171 (2.8%) |
| 20 | Zamość | 119,769 (84%) | 5,441 (3.8%) | 17,225 (12.1%) | 179 (0.1%) |
| TOTAL | 1,619,755 (77.6%) | 152,598 (7.3%) | 287,639 (13.8%) | 27,959 (1.3%) | |
Population breakdown by religious denomination in the 1931 national census:[3]
| County | Roman Catholic | Eastern Orthodox | Jewish | Other | |
| 1 | Biała Podl. | 82,647 (71.1%) | 18,192 (15.6%) | 14,288 (12.3%) | 1,139 (1%) |
| 2 | Biłgoraj | 82,614 (70.6%) | 20,913 (17.9%) | 12,938 (11.1%) | 486 (0.4%) |
| 3 | Chełm | 88,488 (54.5%) | 37,530 (23.1%) | 22,852 (14.1%) | 13,470 (8.3%) |
| 4 | Garwolin | 139,128 (87%) | 67 | 18,741 (11.7%) | 2,006 (1.3%) |
| 5 | Hrubieszów | 63,365 (48.8%) | 49,128 (37.8%) | 15 785 (12.1%) | 1,679 (1.3%) |
| 6 | Janów | 135,182 (88.5%) | 1,159 (0.8%) | 15,317 (10%) | 1,060 (0.7%) |
| 7 | Krasnystaw | 113,442 (84.6%) | 4,853 (3.6%) | 12,127 (9.0%) | 3,737 (2.8%) |
| 8 | Lubartów | 94,356 (87.4%) | 1,544 (1.4%) | 9,652 (8.9%) | 2,439 (2.3%) |
| 9 | Lublin (city) | 71,542 (63.7%) | 703 (0.6%) | 38,937 (34.7) | 1103 (1%) |
| 10 | Lublin (distr.) | 149,192 (91.2%) | 125 (0.1%) | 12,049 (7.4%) | 2,136 (1.3%) |
| 11 | Łuków | 113,549 (88%) | 76 | 14,736 (11.4%) | 722 (0.6%) |
| 12 | Puławy | 149,060 (86.5%) | 182 (0.1%) | 21,949 (12.7%) | 1,076 (0.6%) |
| 13 | Radzyń | 80,520 (81.3%) | 1,840 (1.9%) | 15,548 (15.7%) | 1,181 (1.2%) |
| 14 | Siedlce | 125,018 (82.6%) | 657 (0.4%) | 23,069 (15.2%) | 2,667 (1.8%) |
| 15 | Sokołów | 74,941 (89.3%) | 145 (0.2%) | 8,334 (9.9%) | 529 (0.6%) |
| 16 | Tomaszów | 73,021 (60.3%) | 33,059 (27.3%) | 14,204 (11.7%) | 840 (0.7%) |
| 17 | Węgrów | 76,511 (86.2%) | 40 | 8,888 (10%) | 3,349 (3.8%) |
| 18 | Włodawa | 57,939 (51%) | 33,382 (29.4%) | 18,188 (16%) | 4,057 (3.6%) |
| 19 | Zamość | 125,249 (83.8%) | 6,778 (4.5%) | 16,738 (11.2%) | 783 (0.5%) |
| TOTAL | 1,895,764 (76.9%) | 210,373 (8.5%) | 314,340 (12.7%) | 44,459 (1.8%) | |
According to the 1931 Polish census, the population was 2,116,200. Poles made up 85.1% of population, Jews 10.5%, and Ukrainians (in the east and south) 3%. The Jews preferred to live in the cities and towns, especially in Lublin itself.
Due to ruthless Russification policies throughout the preceding century leading to general absence of schools in the Voivodeship, 24.6% of population was still illiterate as of 1931, although rapidly decreasing from 46.8% in 1921.[2] [3]
The Voivodeship's biggest industrial center was the city of Lublin. Other than that, it lacked significant industry centers. In mid-1930s Polish government started a huge public works program, called Centralny Okręg Przemysłowy, which was a great boost to overpopulated and poor counties. It covered southwestern part of the Voivodeship, with the town of Kraśnik. The railroad density was 4.0 km. per 100 km2. (with total length of railroads 1 236 km.).
Lublin Voivodeship in mid-1939 consisted of 16 powiats (counties) 29 cities and towns and 228 villages. The counties were:
According to the 1931 census, biggest cities were: