| Luže | |
| Settlement Type: | Town |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type1: | Region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Pardubice |
| Subdivision Type2: | District |
| Subdivision Name2: | Chrudim |
| Pushpin Map: | Czech Republic |
| Pushpin Relief: | 1 |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in the Czech Republic |
| Coordinates: | 49.8933°N 16.0286°W |
| Leader Title: | Mayor |
| Leader Name: | Ladislav Peterka |
| Established Title: | First mentioned |
| Established Date: | 1349 |
| Area Total Km2: | 30.71 |
| Elevation M: | 309 |
| Population As Of: | 2024-01-01 |
| Population Footnotes: | [1] |
| Population Total: | 2611 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Timezone1: | CET |
| Utc Offset1: | +1 |
| Timezone1 Dst: | CEST |
| Utc Offset1 Dst: | +2 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 538 54 |
Luže is a town in Chrudim District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,600 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.
The town parts of Košumberk and Zdislav and the villages of Bělá, Brdo, Dobrkov, Doly, Domanice, Rabouň, Radim, Srbce and Voletice are administrative parts of Luže.
The name is derived from the old Czech word lúže (in modern Czech louže), meaning 'puddle'.[2]
Luže is located about southeast of Chrudim and 23km (14miles) southeast of Pardubice. It lies in the Svitavy Uplands. It is situated on the right bank of the Novohradka River. The Krounka River flows into the Novohradka in the southern part of the municipal territory. Voletický Pond is located in the northern part.
The first indirect mention of Luže is from 1250, when an old settlement called Kamenicza joined with the newly established Luza. The first clear written mention of Luže is from 1349. A deed from 1372 referred to Luže as a market town.[3]
The history of Luže is closely linked with the Košumberk Castle. From the 14th century, Luže was part of the manor of lords of Chlum and Košumberk, later Slavatas of Chlum and Košumberk. In the 15th century, Luže slowly developed and benefited from the fact that it was not affected by the Hussite Wars much. In 1690, after the Slavata family became extinct, the manor was donated to the Jesuits. Its last owner until World War I was the House of Thurn und Taxis.[3]
The Jewish community in Luže is documented from the second half of the 16th century. At its peak in the mid-19th century, it constituted 18% of the population. Already in 1930, it almost disappeared and after World War II, it was not renewed.[4]
The Hamza Hospital is the main employer based in the town. In 1901, the Hamza Sanatorium was founded in Luže by František Hamza. It was the first sanatorium in Central Europe for children suffering from tuberculosis. The first buildings of the hospital complex were built in 1907.[5] In 1962 the treatment of tuberculosis patients stopped and the hospital focused upon the rehabilitation of patients with mobility impairments. Since 1990, it treats both children and adult patients.[6]
There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipal territory.
Among the main tourist destinations is the ruin of the Košumberk Castle. Nowadays the ruin is a property of the town of Luže. In the castle is an exhibition on the history of the castle and the town.[7]
The most valuable monument is the pilgrimage Church of Our Lady Help of Christians on the Chlumek hill, protected as a national cultural monument. It was founded by Countess Mary Maximiliana Eva of Žďár. She had built the church at her own expense. It was built in the Baroque style in 1690–1695.[8] [9]
The Church of Saint Bartholomew was first mentioned in 1350. Despite an extensive reconstruction in the 19th century, some parts maintained the original Gothic style. Within the church, several tombstones are preserved, such as the tombstone of Diviš Slavata of Chlum and Košumberk.[10]
The synagogue building from the 18th century has been renewed. The building is now owned by the Jewish community of Prague and serves cultural purposes. A large Jewish cemetery about 1 km north of Luže has tombs dating back to the 17th century.[4]