Lowland (National Council electoral district) explained

Lowland
Nativename:	German: Unterland
Constituency Type:	Electoral District
Parl Name:	National Council
Map4:	Lowland (National Council electoral district).svg
Map Size:	250px
Map Entity:	Austria
District Label:	District
Region Label:	State
Region:	Tyrol
Population:	180,060 (2024)^[1]
Electorate:	122,888 (2019)
Area:	2,133 km^2 (2023)^[2]
Year:	1994
Members Label:	Members^[3]
Members:	Josef Hechenberger (ÖVP)

Lowland (de|Unterland), also known as Electoral District 7C (de|Wahlkreis 7C), is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the districts of Kitzbühel and Kufstein in the state of Tyrol. The electoral district currently elects four of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 122,888 registered electors.

History

Lowland was one 43 regional electoral districts (German: regionalwahlkreise) established by the "National Council Electoral Regulations 1992" (German: Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992) passed by the National Council in 1992.^[4] It consisted of the districts of Kitzbühel and Kufstein in the state of Tyrol.^[5] The district was initially allocated three seats in May 1993.^[6] Electoral regulations require the allocation of seats amongst the electoral districts to be recalculated following each national census and in June 2013 the number of seats allocated to Lowland was increased to four based on the population as at the 2011 national census.^[7]

Electoral system

Lowland currently elects four of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system.^{[8] [9] [10]} The allocation of seats is carried out in three stages.^[11] In the first stage, seats are allocated to parties (lists) at the regional level using a state-wide Hare quota (German: wahlzahl) (valid votes in the state divided by the number of seats in the state).^{[12] [13]} In the second stage, seats are allocated to parties at the state/provincial level using the state-wide Hare quota (any seats won by the party at the regional stage are subtracted from the party's state seats).^{[12] [13]} In the third and final stage, seats are allocated to parties at the federal/national level using the D'Hondt method (any seats won by the party at the regional and state stages are subtracted from the party's federal seats).^{[12] [13]} Only parties that reach the 4% national threshold, or have won a seat at the regional stage, compete for seats at the state and federal stages.^{[12] [13]}

Electors may cast one preferential vote for individual candidates at the regional, state and federal levels.^[13] Split-ticket voting (panachage), or voting for more than one candidate at each level, is not permitted and will result in the ballot paper being invalidated.^{[13] [14]} At the regional level, candidates must receive preferential votes amounting to at least 14% of the valid votes cast for their party to over-ride the order of the party list (10% and 7% respectively for the state and federal levels).^[14] Prior to April 2013 electors could not cast preferential votes at the federal level and the thresholds candidates needed to over-ride the party list order were higher at the regional level (half the Hare quota or of the party votes) and state level (Hare quota).^{[13] [15] [16]}

Election results

Summary

Election	valign=bottom colspan=3	Communists KPÖ+ / KPÖ !	valign=bottom colspan=3	Social Democrats SPÖ !	valign=bottom colspan=3	Greens GRÜNE !	valign=bottom colspan=3	NEOS NEOS / LiF !	valign=bottom colspan=3	People's ÖVP !	valign=bottom colspan=3	Freedom FPÖ
colspan=3	colspan=3	colspan=3	colspan=3	colspan=3	colspan=3
Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats
	345	0.39%	0	10,748	12.17%	0	10,690	12.10%	0	6,369	7.21%	0	45,075	51.04%	1	13,330	15.09%	0
	403	0.44%	0	17,282	18.67%	0	3,424	3.70%	0	4,233	4.57%	0	38,920	42.04%	1	24,221	26.16%	0
	394	0.49%	0	14,610	18.05%	0	10,399	12.85%	0	3,297	4.07%	0	26,833	33.15%	1	17,025	21.03%	0
	330	0.39%	0	15,506	18.46%	0	6,884	8.20%	0	1,306	1.56%	0	27,020	32.17%	1	15,299	18.22%	0
	505	0.62%	0	18,779	22.87%	0	8,053	9.81%	0				37,445	45.61%	1	9,787	11.92%	0
	524	0.59%	0	21,278	24.08%	0	7,987	9.04%	0	1,248	1.41%	0	46,637	52.77%	1	10,698	12.11%	0
	187	0.23%	0	19,399	24.02%	0	6,482	8.03%	0	2,285	2.83%	0	25,210	31.21%	1	25,453	31.52%	1
	227	0.26%	0	23,506	26.84%	0	4,987	5.69%	0	4,821	5.50%	0	25,857	29.52%	1	26,784	30.58%	1
	132	0.16%	0	21,254	25.89%	0	7,182	8.75%	0	3,737	4.55%	0	27,356	33.32%	1	20,602	25.09%	0

Detailed

2010s

2019

Results of the 2019 legislative election held on 29 September 2019:^{[17] [18]}

Party	Votes per district			align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Kitz- bühel !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Kuf- stein !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	18,405	26,586	84	45,075	51.04%	1
		FPÖ	4,350	8,948	32	13,330	15.09%	0
		SPÖ	3,527	7,202	19	10,748	12.17%	0
		GRÜNE	3,859	6,777	54	10,690	12.10%	0
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		NEOS	2,497	3,826	46	6,369	7.21%	0
		JETZT	365	836	3	1,204	1.36%	0
		KPÖ+	110	231	4	345	0.39%	0
		GILT	75	212	2	289	0.33%	0
		WANDL	75	185	3	263	0.30%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	33,263	54,803	247	88,313	100.00%	1
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	241	386	2	629	0.71%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	33,504	55,189	249	88,942	72.38%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	45,891	76,997		122,888
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	73.01%	71.68%		72.38%

The following candidates were elected:^{[19] [20]}

• Personal mandates - Josef Hechenberger (ÖVP), 12,846 votes.

2017

Results of the 2017 legislative election held on 15 October 2017:^{[21] [22]}

Party	Votes per district			align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Kitz- bühel !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Kuf- stein !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	15,845	22,967	108	38,920	42.04%	1
		FPÖ	8,618	15,556	47	24,221	26.16%	0
		SPÖ	5,953	11,270	59	17,282	18.67%	0
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		NEOS	1,643	2,560	30	4,233	4.57%	0
		GRÜNE	1,229	2,170	25	3,424	3.70%	0
		PILZ	1,019	1,889	22	2,930	3.16%	0
		GILT	261	526	3	790	0.85%	0
		KPÖ	118	282	3	403	0.44%	0
		FLÖ	49	143	0	192	0.21%	0
	The Whites	WEIßE	62	117	2	181	0.20%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	34,797	57,480	299	92,576	100.00%	1
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	287	446	2	735	0.79%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	35,084	57,926	301	93,311	76.15%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	46,038	76,495		122,533
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	76.21%	75.73%		76.15%

The following candidates were elected:^{[23] [24]}

• Personal mandates - Andrä Rupprechter (ÖVP), 12,295 votes.

Substitutions:

• Andrä Rupprechter (ÖVP) resigned on 30 January 2018 and was replaced by Josef Lettenbichler (ÖVP) on 31 January 2018.^[25]

2013

Results of the 2013 legislative election held on 29 September 2013:^{[26] [27]}

Party	Votes per district			align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Kitz- bühel !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Kuf- stein !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	10,947	15,829	57	26,833	33.15%	1
		FPÖ	5,811	11,197	17	17,025	21.03%	0
		SPÖ	5,446	9,142	22	14,610	18.05%	0
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		GRÜNE	3,756	6,590	53	10,399	12.85%	0
		FRANK	2,113	3,249	6	5,368	6.63%	0
		NEOS	1,166	2,115	16	3,297	4.07%	0
		BZÖ	971	1,517	10	2,498	3.09%	0
		PIRAT	171	345	0	516	0.64%	0
		KPÖ	134	259	1	394	0.49%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	30,515	50,243	182	80,940	100.00%	1
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	379	629	0	1,008	1.23%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	30,894	50,872	182	81,948	67.72%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	46,030	74,978		121,008
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	67.12%	67.85%		67.72%

The following candidates were elected:^{[28] [29]}

• Personal mandates - Josef Lettenbichler (ÖVP), 6,473 votes.

2000s

2008

Results of the 2008 legislative election held on 28 September 2008:^{[30] [31]}

Party	Votes per district			align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Kitz- bühel !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Kuf- stein !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	11,220	15,658	142	27,020	32.17%	1
		SPÖ	5,786	9,641	79	15,506	18.46%	0
		FPÖ	5,096	10,164	39	15,299	18.22%	0
		BZÖ	3,505	6,061	54	9,620	11.45%	0
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		GRÜNE	2,471	4,303	110	6,884	8.20%	0
		FRITZ	2,694	4,034	31	6,759	8.05%	0
		LiF	458	828	20	1,306	1.56%	0
		DC	240	376	2	618	0.74%	0
		RETTÖ	192	344	6	542	0.65%	0
		KPÖ	118	207	5	330	0.39%	0
		LINKE	16	85	0	101	0.12%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	31,796	51,701	488	83,985	100.00%	1
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	457	729	5	1,191	1.40%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	32,253	52,430	493	85,176	72.10%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	45,629	72,513		118,142
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	70.69%	72.30%		72.10%

The following candidates were elected:^{[32] [33]}

• Personal mandates - Josef Lettenbichler (ÖVP), 5,094 votes.

2006

Results of the 2006 legislative election held on 1 October 2006:^{[34] [35]}

Party	Votes per district			align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Kitz- bühel !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Kuf- stein !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	14,958	21,007	1,480	37,445	45.61%	1
		SPÖ	6,578	11,601	600	18,779	22.87%	0
		FPÖ	3,233	6,339	215	9,787	11.92%	0
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		GRÜNE	2,626	4,761	666	8,053	9.81%	0
		MATIN	1,244	2,242	103	3,589	4.37%	0
		BZÖ	947	2,082	65	3,094	3.77%	0
		NFÖ	268	565	13	846	1.03%	0
		KPÖ	145	338	22	505	0.62%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	29,999	48,935	3,164	82,098	100.00%	1
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	420	664	22	1,106	1.33%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	30,419	49,599	3,186	83,204	73.76%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	43,793	69,013		112,806
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	69.46%	71.87%		73.76%

The following candidates were elected:^{[36] [37]}

• Party mandates - Sebastian Eder (ÖVP), 6,012 votes.

2002

Results of the 2002 legislative election held on 24 November 2002:^{[38] [39]}

Party	Votes per district			align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Kitz- bühel !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Kuf- stein !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	18,235	26,475	1,927	46,637	52.77%	1
		SPÖ	7,845	12,831	602	21,278	24.08%	0
		FPÖ	3,770	6,688	240	10,698	12.11%	0
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		GRÜNE	2,573	4,760	654	7,987	9.04%	0
		LiF	367	814	67	1,248	1.41%	0
		KPÖ	137	370	17	524	0.59%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	32,927	51,938	3,507	88,372	100.00%	1
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	498	815	19	1,332	1.48%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	33,425	52,753	3,526	89,704	83.52%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	42,236	65,170		107,406
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	79.14%	80.95%		83.52%

The following candidates were elected:^{[40] [41]}

• Party mandates - Johannes Schweisgut (ÖVP), 5,849 votes.

1990s

1999

Results of the 1999 legislative election held on 3 October 1999:^{[42] [43]}

Party	Votes per district			align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Kitz- bühel !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Kuf- stein !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		FPÖ	8,790	15,912	751	25,453	31.52%	1
		ÖVP	10,092	14,096	1,022	25,210	31.21%	1
		SPÖ	7,459	11,301	639	19,399	24.02%	0
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		GRÜNE	2,196	3,840	446	6,482	8.03%	0
		LiF	807	1,198	280	2,285	2.83%	0
		DU	392	731	35	1,158	1.43%	0
	No to NATO and EU – Neutral Austria Citizens' Initiative	NEIN	138	254	19	411	0.51%	0
		KPÖ	58	122	7	187	0.23%	0
	Christian Voters Community	CWG	50	114	14	178	0.22%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	29,982	47,568	3,213	80,763	100.00%	2
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	489	866	30	1,385	1.69%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	30,471	48,434	3,243	82,148	78.01%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	41,850	63,459		105,309
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	72.81%	76.32%		78.01%

The following candidates were elected:^{[44] [45]}

• Party mandates - Edith Haller (FPÖ), 2,439 votes; and Johannes Schweisgut (ÖVP), 3,713 votes.

1995

Results of the 1995 legislative election held on 17 December 1995:^{[46] [47]}

Party	Votes per district			align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Kitz- bühel !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Kuf- stein !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		FPÖ	9,780	16,557	447	26,784	30.58%	1
		ÖVP	10,342	14,766	749	25,857	29.52%	1
		SPÖ	9,016	14,062	428	23,506	26.84%	0
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		GRÜNE	1,651	2,998	338	4,987	5.69%	0
		LiF	1,813	2,710	298	4,821	5.50%	0
	No – Civic Action Group Against the Sale of Austria	NEIN	538	856	14	1,408	1.61%	0
		KPÖ	91	131	5	227	0.26%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	33,231	52,080	2,279	87,590	100.00%	2
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	1,021	1,806	33	2,860	3.16%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	34,252	53,886	2,312	90,450	88.59%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	40,728	61,369		102,097
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	84.10%	87.81%		88.59%

The following candidates were elected:^{[48] [49]}

• Personal mandates - Katharina Horngacher (ÖVP), 4,665 votes.
• Party mandates - Edith Haller (FPÖ), 1,817 votes.

Substitutions:

• Edith Haller (FPÖ) was reassigned to the Tyrol seat vacated by Anton Blünegger and was replaced by Hans Sevignani (FPÖ) in Lowland on 26 April 1999.^{[50] [51] [52]}

1994

Results of the 1994 legislative election held on 9 October 1994:^{[53] [54]}

Party	Votes per district			align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Kitz- bühel !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Kuf- stein !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	10,249	16,097	1,010	27,356	33.32%	1
		SPÖ	7,939	12,685	630	21,254	25.89%	0
		FPÖ	7,534	12,519	549	20,602	25.09%	0
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		GRÜNE	2,440	4,269	473	7,182	8.75%	0
		LiF	1,427	2,009	301	3,737	4.55%	0
	No – Civic Action Group Against the Sale of Austria	NEIN	446	730	42	1,218	1.48%	0
	Christian Voters Community	CWG	98	184	15	297	0.36%	0
		ÖNP	60	134	7	201	0.24%	0
		KPÖ	38	87	7	132	0.16%	0
	United Greens Austria – List Adi Pinter	VGÖ	41	72	5	118	0.14%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	30,272	48,786	3,039	82,097	100.00%	1
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	909	1,682	32	2,623	3.10%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	31,181	50,468	3,071	84,720	83.43%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	40,508	61,044		101,552
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	76.97%	82.67%		83.43%

The following candidates were elected:^{[55] [56]}

• Personal mandates - Sixtus Lanner (ÖVP), 6,067 votes.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn nach Politischen Bezirken bzw. Wiener Gemeindebezirken seit 2002 . . 9 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
2. Web site: Stadtgebiet nach Nutzungsklassen und Gemeindebezirken . . 9 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240625151846/https://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/ogd/jahrbuch/stadtraum/tab_1.1.2_stadtgebiet_.csv . 25 June 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
3. Web site: Nationalrat: Abgeordnete zum Nationalrat . . 24 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
4. 471. Bundesgesetz über die Wahl des Nationalrates (Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992 — NRWO) . . 4 August 1992 . 1992 . 164 . 1885 . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20240404022745/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1992_471_0/1992_471_0.pdf . 4 April 2024 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
5. 471. Bundesgesetz über die Wahl des Nationalrates (Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992 — NRWO) . . 4 August 1992 . 1992 . 164 . 1919 . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20240404022745/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1992_471_0/1992_471_0.pdf . 4 April 2024 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
6. 322. Kundmachung des Bundesministers für Inneres über die Zahl der auf jeden Wahlkreis entfallenden Mandate für die Wahl des Nationalrates . . 11 May 1993 . 1993 . 118 . 2708 . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20231029000533/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1993_322_0/1993_322_0.pdf . 29 October 2023 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
7. 187. Kundmachung der Bundesministerin für Inneres über die Zahl der auf jeden Wahlkreis entfallenden Mandate für die Wahl des Nationalrates gemäß § 5 Abs. 1 der Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992 – NRWO . . 28 June 2013 . 2013 . 3 . 23 September 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20240718190902/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblAuth/BGBLA_2013_II_187/BGBLA_2013_II_187.pdfsig . 18 July 2024 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
8. Web site: Nationalratswahlen: Wahlkreiseinteilung . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240421071143/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Wahlkreiseinteilung.aspx . 21 April 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
9. Web site: Austrian National Council 2019 General . Election Guide . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240228065006/https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/3350/ . 28 February 2024 . Arlington, U.S.A..
10. Web site: Electoral Assistance: ElecData, Compendium of Electoral Data - Austria . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240403205755/https://www.coe.int/en/web/electoral-assistance/elecdata-austria . 3 April 2024 . Strasbourg, France.
11. Book: Müller . Wolfgang C. . Gallagher . Michael . Mitchell . Paul . The Politics of Electoral Systems . 15 September 2005 . . Oxford, UK . 9780191603280 . 396–416 . 10 July 2024 . Austria: A Complex Electoral System with Subtle Effects.
12. Web site: Nationalratswahlen: Überblick . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231231143451/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/ . 31 December 2023 . Vienna, Austria . de.
13. Web site: Reimink . Elwin . Electoral System Change in Europe since 1945: Austria . Electoral System Change in Europe since 1945 . Jean-Benoit Pilet and Alan Renwick . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240226131754/https://www.electoralsystemchanges.eu/Files/media/MEDIA_764/FILE/Austria_summary.pdf . 26 February 2024 . 7–8.
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