Lower Township, New Jersey Explained

Lower Township, New Jersey
Settlement Type:Township
Motto:"Home of the Best Sunsets"[1]
Mapsize:250x200px
Image Map1:Census_Bureau_map_of_Lower_Township,_New_Jersey.png
Mapsize1:250x200px
Map Caption1:Census Bureau map of Lower Township, New Jersey
Pushpin Map:USA New Jersey Cape May County#USA New Jersey#USA
Pushpin Label:Lower Township
Pushpin Map Caption:Location in Cape May County##Location in New Jersey##Location in the United States
Pushpin Relief:yes
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name: United States
Subdivision Type1:State
Subdivision Type2:County
Subdivision Name2: Cape May
Government Type:Faulkner Act (council–manager)
Governing Body:Township Council
Leader Title:Mayor
Leader Name:Frank Sippel (R, term ends December 31, 2023)[2]
Leader Title1:Manager
Leader Name1:Michael Laffey[3]
Leader Title2:Municipal clerk
Leader Name2:Julie Picard[4]
Established Title:Established
Established Date:April 2, 1723 (as precinct)
Established Title1:Incorporated
Established Date1:February 21, 1798 (as township)
Unit Pref:Imperial
Area Footnotes:[5]
Area Total Km2:80.45
Area Land Km2:70.91
Area Water Km2:9.54
Area Total Sq Mi:31.06
Area Land Sq Mi:27.38
Area Water Sq Mi:3.69
Area Water Percent:11.86
Area Rank:84th of 565 in state
4th of 16 in county
Population As Of:2020
Population Total:22057
Population Rank:127th of 565 in state
1st of 16 in county[6]
Population Density Km2:auto
Population Density Sq Mi:805.6
Population Density Rank:407th of 565 in state
10th of 16 in county
Population Est:21886
Pop Est As Of:2023
Timezone:Eastern (EST)
Utc Offset:−05:00
Timezone Dst:Eastern (EDT)
Utc Offset Dst:−04:00
Elevation Footnotes:[7]
Elevation Ft:20
Coordinates Footnotes:[8]
Coordinates:38.9838°N -74.9113°W
Postal Code Type:ZIP Code
Postal Code:08251 – Villas[9]
Area Code:609 exchanges: 884, 886, 889, 898[10]
Blank Name:FIPS code
Blank Info:3400941610[11] [12]
Blank1 Name:GNIS feature ID
Blank1 Info:0882044[13]

Lower Township is a township in Cape May County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The township, and all of Cape May County, is part of the Ocean City metropolitan statistical area, and is part of the Philadelphia-Wilmington-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD combined statistical area, also known as the Delaware Valley or Philadelphia metropolitan area.[14] As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 22,057, a decrease of 809 (−3.5%) from the 2010 census count of 22,866, which in turn reflected a decrease of 79 (−0.3%) from the 22,945 counted in the 2000 census.[15]

New Jersey Monthly magazine ranked Lower Township as its 34th best place to live in its 2008 rankings of the "Best Places To Live" in New Jersey.[16] The township is part of the state's South Jersey region and the larger Delaware Valley or Philadelphia metropolitan area.

History

Before the region was settled by Europeans, the Kechemeche tribe of the Lenape Native Americans inhabited South Jersey, and traveled to the barrier islands during the summer to hunt and fish.[17] [18] [19] On August 28, 1609, English explorer Henry Hudson entered the Delaware Bay and stayed one day on land, north of what is now Cape May Point.[20] In 1630, representatives of the Dutch West India Company purchased a 16mi2 tract of land along the Delaware from indigenous people, and additional land in the county was purchased 11 years later.[20] Due to the large number of whales in the region of Cape May, Dutch explorers founded Town Bank around 1640 as a whaling village in what is now Lower Township. It was the first European settlement in Cape May County. The village once functioned as the court house for the county, along with Coxehall, built by Dr. Daniel Coxe to be a center for a manorial style of government.[21] [22] [23] The sole remaining section of the original structure, which was moved several times during its history, is now preserved as Coxe Hall Cottage at Historic Cold Spring Village, a 19th century living history museum in Lower Township.[24]

Lower Township was formed as a precinct on April 2, 1723, and was incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798, as one of New Jersey's initial group of 104 townships established by the Township Act of 1798.[17] The township's name came from its location when Cape May was split into three townships in 1723 at the same time that Middle Township and Upper Township were created.[25] [26]

Portions of the township were taken to form Cape Island Borough (March 8, 1848; now known as Cape May city), Cape May Point borough (created April 19, 1878; restored to Lower Township on April 8, 1896; re-created April 6, 1908), Holly Beach (April 14, 1885, now part of Wildwood city), South Cape May (August 27, 1894; restored to Lower Township after the borough was dissolved on April 30, 1945), Wildwood Crest (April 6, 1910), and North Cape May (March 19, 1928; restored to Lower Township after it was dissolved on April 30, 1945).[17]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 31.06 square miles (80.45 km2), including 27.38 square miles (70.91 km2) of land and 3.69 square miles (9.54 km2) of water (11.86%).[5]

Census-designated places (CDPs) located within Lower Township include Diamond Beach (with a 2010 population of 136,[27]), Erma (2,134[28]), North Cape May (3,226[29]) and Villas (9,483[30]).[31] Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Bennett, Cold Spring, Cold Spring Inlet, Ephraims Island, Fishing Creek, Higbees Landing, Miami Beach, Schellengers Landing, Sewells Point, South Cape May, Sunset Beach, Town Bank, Weers Landing, and Wildwood Gables.[32] [33]

Schellengers Landing is where boats dock and where a bridge between Cape Island and the mainland is located. Schellengers Landing was named after people who moved from New England to New Jersey in the 1600s.[34] There were multiple families with the Schellenger name who had settled the area.[35] Schellengers Landing is connected to Cape May city via a bridge,[34] and is on Route 109.[36] The name of the community is spelled differently in different works.[35]

Lower Township borders the Cape May County municipalities of Cape May City, Cape May Point Borough, Middle Township, West Cape May Borough, Wildwood City, Wildwood Crest Borough, and Delaware Bay and the Atlantic Ocean.[37] [38] [39]

Demographics

2010 census

The 2010 United States census counted 22,866 people, 9,579 households, and 6,351 families in the township. The population density was . There were 14,507 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup was 94.24% (21,549) White, 1.99% (456) Black or African American, 0.16% (37) Native American, 0.62% (142) Asian, 0.04% (10) Pacific Islander, 1.20% (275) from other races, and 1.74% (397) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.24% (969) of the population.

Of the 9,579 households, 22.6% had children under the age of 18; 49.3% were married couples living together; 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present and 33.7% were non-families. Of all households, 28.7% were made up of individuals and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.89.

19.8% of the population were under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 20.4% from 25 to 44, 31.0% from 45 to 64, and 21.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46.5 years. For every 100 females, the population had 90.1 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 86.9 males.

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $51,101 (with a margin of error of +/− $2,460) and the median family income was $62,587 (+/− $7,438). Males had a median income of $50,572 (+/− $3,361) versus $35,978 (+/− $2,297) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $28,175 (+/− $1,295). About 6.6% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.4% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.[40]

2000 census

As of the 2000 U.S. census, there were 22,945 people, 9,328 households, and 6,380 families residing in the township. The population density was 813sp=usNaNsp=us. There were 13,924 housing units at an average density of 493.4sp=usNaNsp=us. The racial makeup of the township was 96.26% White, 1.39% African American, 0.23% Native American, 0.53% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.65% from other races, and 0.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.88% of the population.[41] [42]

There were 9,328 households, out of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.9% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.6% were non-families. 27.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.95.[41] [42]

In the township, the population was spread out, with 23.7% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 20.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males.[41] [42]

The median income for a household in the township was $38,977, and the median income for a family was $45,058. Males had a median income of $35,201 versus $24,715 for females. The per capita income for the township was $19,786. About 5.3% of families and 7.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.3% of those under age 18 and 5.3% of those age 65 or over.[41] [42]

Government

Local government

Lower Township operates within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Council-Manager form of government, which was adopted in 1984. The township is one of 42 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form of government.[43] The council is comprised of five members—the Mayor, the Council Member-at-Large and three Ward seats—each elected on a partisan basis to four-year terms on a staggered basis, with either two seats (mayor and council at-large) or the three ward seats up for election in even-numbered years on an alternating basis as part of the November general election.[44] [45] The Mayor presides at all Council meetings and has a voice and vote in the proceedings. Powers are limited to those expressly conferred by the Charter. The Manager serves the Council for an indefinite term of office and may be removed by a majority vote of the Council. The Manager is the chief executive and administrator of the Township.

, members of the Lower Township Council are Mayor Frank Sippel (R, term ends December 31, 2024; At Large), Deputy Mayor David Perry (R, 2024; At Large), Thomas Conrad (R, 2026; Ward I), Kevin Coombs (R, 2026; Ward II) and Roland A. Roy Jr. (R, 2026; Ward III).[46] [47] [48] [49] [50]

Erik Simonsen won a special election in November 2013 to fill the seat of Glenn Douglass, who had resigned two months earlier and whose seat had been filled on an interim basis by Jackie Henderson.[51]

In January 2017, Roland Roy was selected from three candidates nominated by the Republican municipal committee to fill the Third Ward seat vacated by Erik Simonsen when he took office as mayor; Roy served on an interim basis until the November 2017 general election, when he was elected to serve the balance of the term through December 2018.[52] [53]

In February 2020, the Township Council selected Keven Coombs to fill the Ward II seat expiring in December 2022 that became vacant when David Perry was chosen to serve as deputy mayor.[54] Earlier that month, Perry had been shifted to deputy mayor after Frank Sippel was selected as mayor to replace Erik K. Simonsen, who resigned to take office in the New Jersey General Assembly.[55]

Federal, state, and county representation

Lower Township is located in the 2nd Congressional District[56] and is part of New Jersey's 1st state legislative district.[57] [58] [59]

Politics

As of March 2011, there were a total of 14,612 registered voters in Lower Township, of which 3,000 (20.5%) were registered as Democrats, 5,902 (40.4%) were registered as Republicans and 5,702 (39.0%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 8 voters registered as Libertarians or Greens.[60]

In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 52.6% of the vote (5,493 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 46.2% (4,823 votes), and other candidates with 1.1% (120 votes), among the 10,534 ballots cast by the township's 15,217 registered voters (98 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 69.2%.[61] [62] In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 52.2% of the vote (5,831 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama, who received 45.1% (5,040 votes), with 11,177 ballots cast among the township's 14,435 registered voters, for a turnout of 77.4%.[63] In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 54.3% of the vote (5,951 ballots cast), outpolling Democrat John Kerry, who received around 44.1% (4,830 votes), with 10,961 ballots cast among the township's 14,709 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 74.5.[64]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 70.8% of the vote (4,909 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 27.6% (1,913 votes), and other candidates with 1.7% (115 votes), among the 7,142 ballots cast by the township's 14,910 registered voters (205 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 47.9%.[65] [66] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 51.6% of the vote (3,712 ballots cast), ahead of both Democrat Jon Corzine with 40.1% (2,882 votes) and Independent Chris Daggett with 6.0% (433 votes), with 7,190 ballots cast among the township's 14,989 registered voters, yielding a 48.0% turnout.[67]

Education

Lower Township School District serves public-school students in pre-kindergarten through sixth grade.[68] As of the 2020–21 school year, the district, comprised of four schools, had an enrollment of 1,519 students and 149.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.2:1.[69] Schools in the district (with 2020–21 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[70]) are David C. Douglass Veterans Memorial School[71] with 312 students in grades PreK-K (in Villas), Carl T. Mitnick School[72] with 440 students in grades 1-2 (in Cold Spring), Maud T. Abrams School[73] with 355 students in grades 3-4 (in Cold Spring), and Charles W. Sandman Consolidated School[74] with 388 students in grades 5-6 (in Cold Spring).[75] [76] [77] The Lower Township School District participates in the Interdistrict Public School Choice Program, which allows non-resident students to attend the district's schools without cost to their parents, with tuition paid by the state. Seats in the program for non-resident students are specified by the district and are allocated by lottery.[78] [79]

For seventh through twelfth grades, public-school students attend the schools of the Lower Cape May Regional School District, in the Erma area of the township, which also serves students from Cape May City and West Cape May, along with students from Cape May Point who attend the district as part of a sending/receiving relationship.[80] [81] [82] [83] Schools in the district (with 2022–23 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[84]) areRichard M. Teitelman Middle School[85] with 433 students in grades 7-8 andLower Cape May Regional High School (LCMRHS)[86] with 757 students in grades 9-12.[87] [88] In the 2011–12 school year, the city of Cape May paid $6 million in property taxes to cover the district's 120 high-school students, an average of $50,000 per student attending the Lower Cape May district. Cape May officials have argued that the district's funding formula based on assessed property values unfairly penalizes Cape May, which has higher property values and a smaller number of high-school students as a percentage of the population than the other constituent districts, especially Lower Township.[89] The district's board of education is nine members, who are elected directly by voters to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with three seats up for election each year[90] [91] Seats on the board are allocated based on population, with Lower Township assigned seven seats.[92]

Students are also eligible to attend Cape May County Technical High School in Cape May Court House, which serves students from the entire county in its comprehensive and vocational programs, which are offered without charge to students who are county residents.[93] [94] Special needs students may be referred to Cape May County Special Services School District in Cape May Court House.

Wildwood Catholic Academy (Pre-K–12) in North Wildwood, of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Camden, is the nearest Catholic school. Villas had its own Catholic K–8 school, St. Raymond's School, until 2007, when it merged into Our Lady Star of the Sea School in Cape May.[95] In 2010 Our Lady Star of the Sea merged into Cape Trinity Regional School (Pre-K–8) in North Wildwood.[96] That school in turn merged into Wildwood Catholic Academy in 2020.[97] Bishop McHugh Regional School in Dennis Township takes students from Lower Township.[98]

Two of the initial properties of Cape Christian Academy, formed as a merger of South Cape Christian Academy and Cape May County Christian School were in Lower Township.[99] The current consolidated school building is in Middle Township, with a Cape May Courthouse postal address and within the CMCH census-designated place.[100] Richard Degener of the Press of Atlantic City described it as being in Burleigh. Its campus has 6.5acres of area.[99]

Cape May County Library operates the Lower Township Library in Villas.[101]

Transportation

Roads and highways

, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Cape May County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.[102]

The most prominent highway serving Lower Township is the Garden State Parkway, which has its southern terminus at the intersection with Route 109, in the township.[103] U.S. Route 9,[104] Route 109,[105] Route 162,[106] and Ocean Drive are other significant roadways within Lower Township.[107]

Public transportation

NJ Transit offers bus service on the 313 and 315 routes between Cape May / Wildwood / Philadelphia, on the 552 between Cape May and Atlantic City, with seasonal service on the 319 route serving shore points between Cape May and the Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York City's Midtown Manhattan.[108] [109]

The Cape May–Lewes Ferry terminal is located in North Cape May.[110] Operated by the Delaware River and Bay Authority, the ferry makes the 17miles trip between Lower Township and Lewes, Delaware in 85 minutes, carrying passengers and vehicles.[111] The Delaware River and Bay Authority operates a shuttle bus service that connects the ferry terminal with the Cape May Transportation Center in Cape May in the summer months and to the Cape May County Park & Zoo in July and August.[112]

Cape May Airport is in Lower Township.[113] [114]

Points of interest

Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Lower Township include:

External links

Notes and References

  1. Kuperinsky, Amy. "'The Jewel of the Meadowlands'?: N.J.'s best, worst and weirdest town slogans", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, January 22, 2015. Accessed July 12, 2016. "Lower Township, also in Cape May County, claims to be 'Home of the Best Sunsets.'"
  2. https://www.state.nj.us/dca/home/2023mayors.pdf 2023 New Jersey Mayors Directory
  3. https://townshipoflower.org/manager.php Township Manager
  4. https://townshipoflower.org/clerk.php Clerk
  5. https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_cousubs_34.txt 2019 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey Places
  6. https://www.nj.gov/labor/labormarketinformation/assets/PDFs/dmograph/est/mcd/density.xlsx Population Density by County and Municipality: New Jersey, 2020 and 2021
  7. , Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 7, 2013.
  8. https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990
  9. http://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?resultMode=0&city=villas&state=NJ Look Up a ZIP Code for Villas, NJ
  10. https://www.area-codes.com/search.asp?frmNPA=&frmNXX=&frmState=NJ&frmCity=Villas&frmCounty=Cape%20May Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Villas, NJ
  11. https://www.census.gov U.S. Census website
  12. https://mcdc.missouri.edu/applications/geocodes/?state=34 Geographic Codes Lookup for New Jersey
  13. https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/ngp/board-on-geographic-names US Board on Geographic Names
  14. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro/reference-maps/2020/state-maps/34_NewJersey_2020.pdf New Jersey: 2020 Core Based Statistical Areas and Counties
  15. https://www.nj.gov/labor/labormarketinformation/assets/PDFs/census/2010/2010data/table7cm.xls Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010
  16. http://njmonthly.com/articles/best_of/placestolive/best-places-to-live---the-complete-top-towns-list-.html "Best Places To Live - The Complete Top Towns List 1-100"
  17. Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 118. Accessed May 29, 2024.
  18. Holden, Robert F. "History of the Ten Villages of Upper Township: The Island Village of Strathmere, Part 1", The Press of Atlantic City, August 9, 2017. Accessed October 27, 2019.
  19. https://www.ocnj.us/History/ A Brief History of Ocean City New Jersey
  20. http://www.getnj.com/historicroadsides/capemay.shtml "Cape May County"
  21. https://capemaycountynj.gov/DocumentCenter/View/422/Comprehensive-Plan-2002-PDF?bidId= Cape May County Comprehensive Plan
  22. https://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/currents_gazettes/cape_may/bizarre-history-of-cape-may---town-bank-was/article_cf00f5e8-fdb6-5481-8c92-2c59b1e282b7.html "Bizarre History of Cape May --Town Bank was once touted as a whaling town"
  23. http://capemaycountynj.gov/394/Lower-Township Lower Township
  24. Web site: 2016-08-22 . Coxe Hall Cottage . 2021-03-10 . Historic Cold Spring Village . en-US.
  25. Stevens, Lewis Townsend. The History of Cape May County, New Jersey: From the Aboriginal Times to the Present Day, p. 92. L.T. Stevens, 1897. Accessed September 3, 2015. "The county of Cape May was divided into three townships, Upper, Middle and Lower, April 2, 1723, of which the official record says:"
  26. Schaad Jr., Jacob "Bizarre History of Cape May: Lower Township's borders have been constantly changing", ShoreNewsToday, May 15, 2014. Accessed September 3, 2015. "Lower Township has long had an image problem, its name not helping. Middle Township and Upper Township have no problem because it's okay to be at the top or even in the middle, but how much lower can you get than lower?"
  27. http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/1600000US3417815 DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data for Diamond Beach CDP, New Jersey
  28. http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/1600000US3421660 DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data for Erma CDP, New Jersey
  29. http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/1600000US3452650 DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data for North Cape May CDP, New Jersey
  30. http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/1600000US3476010 DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data for Villas CDP, New Jersey
  31. https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-32.pdf New Jersey: 2010 - Population and Housing Unit Counts - 2010 Census of Population and Housing (CPH-2-32)
  32. https://townshipoflower.org/ Township of Lower - A Place To Remember
  33. http://www.state.nj.us/infobank/localnames.txt Locality Search
  34. Web site: Tischler. Susan. Schellenger's Landing: 100 years of fishing in Cape May. Capemay.com. Cape Publishing. Cape May, New Jersey. 2005-03-01. 2023-07-10. - Tischler was formerly the editor of the magazine.
  35. Web site: DeAngelis. Martin. History on the harbor. Press of Atlantic City. 2013-09-18. 2021-05-17.
  36. Web site: Leeburg. Jessica. Ongoing changes to Schellenger's Landing. Capemay.com. Cape Publishing. Cape May, New Jersey. 2020-05-06. 2023-07-10.
  37. https://global.mapit.mysociety.org/area/1047399/touches.html Areas touching Lower Township
  38. http://chnj.njpn.org/cape-may/ Cape May County
  39. https://www.state.nj.us/transportation/gis/maps/polnoroads.pdf New Jersey Municipal Boundaries
  40. http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0600000US3400941610 DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Lower township, Cape May County, New Jersey
  41. http://censtats.census.gov/data/NJ/0603400941610.pdf Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Lower township, Cape May County, New Jersey
  42. http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/00_SF1/DP1/0600000US3400941610 DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Lower township, Cape May County, New Jersey
  43. https://njdatabook.rutgers.edu/sites/njdatabook.rutgers.edu/files/documents/inventory_of_municipal_forms_of_government_in_new_jersey.pdf Inventory of Municipal Forms of Government in New Jersey
  44. 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 8.
  45. https://njdatabook.rutgers.edu/sites/njdatabook.rutgers.edu/files/documents/forms_of_municipal_government_in_new_jersey_9220.pdf#page=12 "Forms of Municipal Government in New Jersey"
  46. https://townshipoflower.org/mayor.php Mayor and Council
  47. https://townshipoflower.org/uploaded_files/Lower%20Twp%202023%20Budget-Introduced.pdf#page=2 2023 Municipal User Friendly Budget
  48. https://www.capemaycountyvotes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2023-All-Elected-Officials-INTERNET-July.pdf 2023 County & Municipal Elected Officials Cape May County, NJ -- July 2023
  49. https://www.capemaycountyvotes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/1.-2022-GENERAL-SUMMARY-REPORT-OFFICIAL.pdf Summary Results Report 2022 November Cape May General Election November 8, 2022 Official Results
  50. https://www.capemaycountyvotes.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-Successful-General-Candidates.pdf 2020 General Election Successful Candidates
  51. Campbell, Braden. "Middle Township Democrat Michael Clark wins seat, unofficially", The Press of Atlantic City, November 5, 2013. Accessed December 18, 2014. "In Lower Township, Republican Erik Simonsen won the open Ward 3 Council seat with 1,290 votes.... Simonsen will serve out the remainder of Douglass' one-year unexpired term. Douglass resigned from his seat in September after he found out he must in order to collect his state pension after retiring from the New Jersey Department of Corrections. His seat has been held by North Cape May resident Jackie Henderson since his resignation.... He joins Mayor Michael Beck, Norris Clark, Thomas Conrad and James Neville. All are Republicans save Beck, who is an independent."
  52. South, Christopher. "Lower Township Council votes in Roland Roy Jr. as Ward 3 councilman", The Gazette of Cape May, January 25, 2017. Accessed January 11, 2018. "Lower Township Council appointed Roland Roy, Jr. to fill the vacant Ward 3 council seat at its Jan. 18 meeting. Roy will replace Mayor Erik Simonsen, who was elected mayor in November and took office at the reorganization meeting earlier this month. Roy was appointed by a unanimous vote of Township Council."
  53. http://results.enr.clarityelections.com/NJ/Cape_May/71890/191220/Web01/en/summary.html 2017 General Election Official Results
  54. Price, Carl. "Coombs Sworn to Lower Township Council", Cape May County Herald, February 25, 2020. Accessed February 26, 2020. "Kevin Coombs, second from right, was sworn to Lower Township Council at the Feb. 19 meeting. The Lower Township Regular Republican Organization submitted three candidates to fill the seat of Second Ward Councilman David Perry until the election in November. Perry became deputy mayor after Mayor Frank Sippel became mayor when former Mayor Erik Simonsen was elected to state Assembly."
  55. Price, Carl. "Perry Takes Oath as Lower's Deputy Mayor", Cape May County Herald, February 8, 2020. Accessed February 26, 2020. "Since Mayor Erik Simonsen vacated his position, after winning a seat on the State Assembly, there has been a shift on Lower Township Council. Deputy Mayor Frank Sippel became mayor, and Councilman David Perry became deputy mayor."
  56. https://www.nj.gov/state/elections/assets/pdf/2012-congressional-districts/njcd-2011-plan-components-county-mcd.pdf Plan Components Report
  57. https://www.nj.gov/state/elections/assets/pdf/2011-legislative-districts/towns-districts.pdf Municipalities Sorted by 2011-2020 Legislative District
  58. https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5bae63366fd2b2e5b9f87e5e/5d30f0a94a82c66427e564d2_2019_CitizensGuide.pdf 2019 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government
  59. https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/districts/districtnumbers.asp#1 Districts by Number for 2011-2020
  60. http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/election-results/2011-capemay-co-summary-report.pdf Voter Registration Summary - Cape May
  61. Web site: Presidential General Election Results - November 6, 2012 - Cape May County . March 15, 2013 . New Jersey Department of Elections . December 24, 2014.
  62. Web site: Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 6, 2012 - General Election Results - Cape May County . March 15, 2013 . New Jersey Department of Elections . December 24, 2014.
  63. http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/election-results/2008-gen-elect-presidential-results-cape-may.pdf 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Cape May County
  64. http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/election-results/2004-presidential_capemay_co_2004.pdf 2004 Presidential Election: Cape May County
  65. Web site: Governor - Cape May County . January 29, 2014 . New Jersey Department of Elections . December 24, 2014.
  66. Web site: Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 5, 2013 - General Election Results - Cape May County . January 29, 2014 . New Jersey Department of Elections . December 24, 2014.
  67. http://www.njelections.org/election-results/2009-governor_results-cape-may.pdf 2009 Governor: Cape May County
  68. https://www.straussesmay.com/seportal/public/DistrictPolicy.aspx?policyid=0110&id=b15cec7a22144e5788401e3d465cbc12 Lower Township Board of Education District Policy 0110 - Identification
  69. https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/districtsearch/district_detail.asp?Search=2&details=1&ID2=3409150&DistrictID=3409150 District information for Lower Township Elementary School District
  70. https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/school_list.asp?Search=1&DistrictID=3409150 School Data for the Lower Township School District
  71. https://lowertwpschools.com/memorial-principal David C. Douglass Veterans Memorial School
  72. https://lowertwpschools.com/mitnick-principal Carl T. Mitnick School
  73. https://lowertwpschools.com/maudabrams-principal Maud T. Abrams School
  74. https://lowertwpschools.com/sandman-principal Charles W. Sandman Consolidated School
  75. https://lowertwpschools.com/announcements/student-parent-handbook.pdf Student-Parent Handbook 2019-2020
  76. https://rc.doe.state.nj.us/selectreport/2022-2023/09/2840 School Performance Reports for the Lower Township Elementary School District
  77. https://homeroom6.doe.state.nj.us/directory/school/districtid/2840 New Jersey School Directory for the Lower Township School District
  78. http://www.state.nj.us/education/choice/districts/districts.pdf Interdistrict Public School Choice Program List of Operating Choice Districts: 2018-2019 School Year
  79. http://www.state.nj.us/education/choice/districts/profiles/LowerTownship.pdf Lower Township Elementary District Choice Program Profile
  80. https://www.straussesmay.com/seportal/Public/DistrictPolicy.aspx?policyid=0110&id=a1180cab567947029fbbe63e8248e1e8 Lower Cape May Board of Education District Policy 0110 - Identification
  81. Johnson, Virgil; and Kirtland, James L. "A Feasibility Study to Reconfigure the Lower Cape May Regional School District", Statistical Forecasting LLC, June 2013. Accessed August 29, 2024. "Cape May City is one of three constituent communities served by the Lower Cape May Regional School District ('Lower Cape May Regional'), a limited purpose school district providing education for the middle and high school students from Cape May City, Lower Township, and West Cape May.... Students from Cape May Point attend on a sending-receiving basis."
  82. https://lcmrschooldistrict.com/brettimages/choice-brochure.pdf Interdistrict Public School Choice
  83. Linehan, Mary. "Cape May makes new push to dissolve Lower Cape May Regional school district", The Gazette of Cape May, June 20, 2013. Accessed January 11, 2018. "The regional school district was formed in 1956 and now serves as a limited purpose regional school district educating students from Cape May, Cape May Point, West Cape May and Lower Township. Cape May Point students attend on a 'sending-receiving' basis."
  84. https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/school_list.asp?Search=1&DistrictID=3409090 School Data for the Lower Cape May Regional High School District
  85. https://lcmrschooldistrict.com/rmtgeneralinformation General Information
  86. https://lcmrschooldistrict.com/lcmrgeneralinformation General Information
  87. https://rc.doe.state.nj.us/selectreport/2022-2023/09/2820 School Performance Reports for the Lower Cape May Regional School District
  88. https://homeroom6.doe.state.nj.us/directory/school/districtid/2820 New Jersey School Directory for the Lower Cape May Regional School District
  89. Fichter, Jack. "Cape May Paying $50K Per Student to Regional School District", Cape May County Herald, January 4, 2012. Accessed March 21, 2018. "Cape May — Taxpayers here pay $50,000 per year for each student sent to the Lower Cape May Regional High School District, a total of $6 million per year.... Deputy Mayor Jack Wichterman said Cape May was paying $6 million to send 120 kids to the regional school district.... 'We have no say in the formula that's utilized to determine how much money we pay to that school district,' he said. 'There are several formulas that can be used and the one that the Lower Township members of that school board chose to use is the one that penalizes the City of Cape May because our real estate values are so much higher than they are in Lower Township.'"
  90. https://www.nj.gov/education/finance/fp/cafr/search/18/2820.pdf#page=44 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report of the Lower Cape May Regional School District
  91. https://lcmrschooldistrict.com/boardofeducation Board of Education
  92. Crowley, Terence J. A Response to the Cape May Study to Reconfigure the Lower Cape May Regional School District, Lower Cape May Regional School District, January 6, 2014. Accessed February 11, 2020. "The Lower Cape May Regional District (Regional) is classified as a Limited Purpose District.... It is a Type II district and apportions the Board of Education seats based upon the most recent United States Census. It has nine seats on the Board and that are apportioned as follows: Cape May City 1; West Cape May 1; Lower Township 7."
  93. https://www.capemaytech.com/faq.html Frequently Asked Questions
  94. https://www.capemaytech.com/hs-admissions.html Technical High School Admissions
  95. Web site: Ianeri . Brian . Our Lady Star of the Sea school in Cape May to close in 2010 . . 2009-05-12 . 2020-09-11.
  96. Web site: DiPasquale . Donna . After 92 years, Star of the Sea School closes its doors . Cape Publishing, Inc. . 2010-06-22 . 2020-09-11. - The author was the principal of Our Lady Star of the Sea Regional School.
  97. Web site: Franklin . Chris . 2 Jersey Shore Catholic schools slated to close have been saved . . . 2020-06-04 . 2020-09-11.
  98. Web site: Areas We Serve . Bishop McHugh Regional Catholic School of Dennis Township . 2020-09-14.
  99. News: Degener . Richard . PROPERTIED CLASS / CAPE CHRISTIAN ACADEMY BUYS LAND FOR CENTRAL CAMPUS . . 1993-09-23 . C1. - Available from Newsbank, ID# news/0EAEAA6D18083359.
  100. Web site: Home . Cape Christian Academy . 2021-07-15 . 10 Oyster Road Cape May Court House, NJ 08210. - See map of CDP from the 2010 U.S. Census - page 1 and page 2. In contrast it is across from but not in the Burleigh CDP: Seen here.
  101. Web site: Lower Township . Cape May County Library . 2020-09-18.
  102. http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/sldiag/mileage_CapeMay.pdf Cape May County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction
  103. https://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/sldiag/pdf/00000444__-.pdf Garden State Parkway Straight Line Diagram
  104. https://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/sldiag/pdf/00000009__-.pdf U.S. Route 9 Straight Line Diagram
  105. https://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/sldiag/pdf/00000109__-.pdf Route 109 Straight Line Diagram
  106. https://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/sldiag/pdf/00000162__-.pdf Route 162 Straight Line Diagram
  107. https://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/gis/maps/Capemay.pdf Cape May County Highway Map
  108. https://web.archive.org/web/20100128140216/http://www.njtransit.com/sf/sf_servlet.srv?hdnPageAction=BusRoutesCapemayCountyTo Cape May County Bus / Rail Connections
  109. http://www.driveless.com/pdfs/SJTG_PDF.pdf#page=3 South Jersey Transit Guide
  110. http://www.capemaylewesferry.com/Directions/tabid/114/Default.aspx Directions
  111. http://cmlf.com/AboutUs/tabid/101/Default.aspx Welcome Aboard
  112. http://www.capemaylewesferry.com/PlanYourTrip/ShuttleBusService/tabid/1126/Default.aspx Ground Transportation Services
  113. Web site: Zoning Map . Lower Township . 2020-09-23. - The zoning map shows the airport in the township boundaries. See also: 2010 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP (INDEX): Lower township, NJ, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 15, 2018. Pages: 1, 2, 3, and 4.
  114. http://www.capemayairport.com/operations.aspx Airport Operations
  115. Avedissian, Eric. "A soldier's story: Bob Andrzejczak lost a leg, not his resolve; The hardest part about the aftermath of attack in Iraq was not the pain ... it was calling home", Ocean City Sentinel, May 20, 2015. Accessed January 11, 2018. "Andrzejczak grew up in Lower Township in North Cape May, a bedroom community straddling the Delaware Bay."
  116. https://web.archive.org/web/20140829224730/http://www.northeastobits.com/archives.cfm?s=print&obit=15052 "Catarcio, Maurice A."
  117. Staff. "T. Millet Hand, 54, Legislator, Dead; U.S. Representative From Second Jersey District -- Once Cape May Mayor", The New York Times, December 27, 1956. Accessed August 10, 2016. "Thomas Millet Hand Representative in Congress from the Second New Jersey District, died this evening at his home in nearby Cold Spring apparently of a heart attack."
  118. Weinberg, David "Cape musician Chris Jay forms unlikely friendship with Russian boxer Magomed Abdusalamov", The Press of Atlantic City, March 8, 2013. Accessed April 21, 2017. "The 34-year-old Lower Township native grew up in a musical household. Both of his parents, Ed and Lisa Jurewicz, are retired music teachers and own Mr. J's Music Shop in North Cape May, which is connected to their home."
  119. https://www.capemaycountyherald.com/community/business/article_a1ef8252-38ab-11e6-b1f1-1bee295e7a43.html "Michael Linnington Named to Head Wounded Warrior Project"
  120. Kerr, Peter. "Ex-Rep. Charles Sandman. Nixon Supporter, Dies", The New York Times, August 27, 1985. Accessed September 29, 2013. "He was 64 and lived in Erma Park, N.J"
  121. https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/members/BIO.asp?Leg=426 Assemblyman Erik K. Simonsen (R)
  122. Caldwell, Dave. "Two Sports, One Big Choice", The New York Times, December 16, 2010. Accessed September 11, 2016. "Szczur, a senior from Erma, N.J., gained attention late in the 2009 season after the National Marrow Donor Program determined that his bone marrow was a match for a 13-month-old girl with juvenile leukemia."

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