Lower Austria South (National Council electoral district) explained

Lower Austria South
Nativename:	German: Niederösterreich Süd
Constituency Type:	Electoral District
Parl Name:	National Council
Map4:	Lower Austria South (National Council electoral district).svg
Map Size:	250px
Map Entity:	Austria
District Label:	District
Region Label:	State
Region:	Lower Austria
Population:	216,852 (2024)^[1]
Electorate:	159,888 (2019)
Area:	2,178 km² (2023)^[2]
Year:	1994
Members Label:	Members^[3]
Members:	Christian Stocker (ÖVP)

Lower Austria South (de|Niederösterreich Süd), also known as Electoral District 3E (de|Wahlkreis 3E), is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the city of Wiener Neustadt and the districts of Neunkirchen and Wiener Neustadt in the state of Lower Austria. The electoral district currently elects four of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 159,888 registered electors.

History

Lower Austria South was one 43 regional electoral districts (German: regionalwahlkreise) established by the "National Council Electoral Regulations 1992" (German: Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992) passed by the National Council in 1992.^[4] It consisted of the city of Wiener Neustadt and the districts of Neunkirchen and Wiener Neustadt in the state of Lower Austria.^[5] The district was initially allocated four seats in May 1993.^[6] Electoral regulations require the allocation of seats amongst the electoral districts to be recalculated following each national census and in June 2013 the number of seats allocated to Lower Austria South was increased to five based on the population as at the 2011 national census.^[7] The number of seats allocated to Lower Austria South was reduced to four in June 2023 based on the population as at the 2021 national census.^[8]

Electoral system

Lower Austria South currently elects four of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system.^[9] ^[10] ^[11] The allocation of seats is carried out in three stages.^[12] In the first stage, seats are allocated to parties (lists) at the regional level using a state-wide Hare quota (German: wahlzahl) (valid votes in the state divided by the number of seats in the state).^[13] ^[14] In the second stage, seats are allocated to parties at the state/provincial level using the state-wide Hare quota (any seats won by the party at the regional stage are subtracted from the party's state seats).^[13] ^[14] In the third and final stage, seats are allocated to parties at the federal/national level using the D'Hondt method (any seats won by the party at the regional and state stages are subtracted from the party's federal seats).^[13] ^[14] Only parties that reach the 4% national threshold, or have won a seat at the regional stage, compete for seats at the state and federal stages.^[13] ^[14]

Electors may cast one preferential vote for individual candidates at the regional, state and federal levels.^[14] Split-ticket voting (panachage), or voting for more than one candidate at each level, is not permitted and will result in the ballot paper being invalidated.^[14] ^[15] At the regional level, candidates must receive preferential votes amounting to at least 14% of the valid votes cast for their party to over-ride the order of the party list (10% and 7% respectively for the state and federal levels).^[15] Prior to April 2013 electors could not cast preferential votes at the federal level and the thresholds candidates needed to over-ride the party list order were higher at the regional level (half the Hare quota or of the party votes) and state level (Hare quota).^[14] ^[16] ^[17]

Election results

Summary

colspan=3	colspan=3	colspan=3	colspan=3	colspan=3	colspan=3
Election	valign=bottom colspan=3	Communists KPÖ+ / KPÖ !	valign=bottom colspan=3	Social Democrats SPÖ !	valign=bottom colspan=3	Greens GRÜNE !	valign=bottom colspan=3	NEOS NEOS / LiF !	valign=bottom colspan=3	People's ÖVP !	valign=bottom colspan=3	Freedom FPÖ
Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats
	726	0.59%	0	27,673	22.51%	0	11,110	9.04%	0	7,967	6.48%	0	48,568	39.50%	1	24,190	19.67%	0
	693	0.53%	0	34,977	26.80%	1	2,804	2.15%	0	5,209	3.99%	0	41,957	32.14%	1	37,961	29.08%	1
	922	0.75%	0	38,705	31.59%	1	9,908	8.09%	0	4,382	3.58%	0	31,450	25.67%	1	26,577	21.69%	0
	820	0.65%	0	44,788	35.24%	1	8,077	6.36%	0	1,921	1.51%	0	33,050	26.01%	1	26,573	20.91%	0
	994	0.80%	0	52,574	42.38%	1	9,202	7.42%	0				40,708	32.81%	1	13,688	11.03%	0
	616	0.49%	0	55,787	43.97%	1	8,148	6.42%	0	947	0.75%	0	52,411	41.31%	1	8,952	7.06%	0
	590	0.49%	0	48,880	40.38%	1	6,242	5.16%	0	2,885	2.38%	0	31,955	26.40%	1	28,676	23.69%	1
	502	0.41%	0	55,817	45.38%	2	3,774	3.07%	0	5,934	4.82%	0	33,944	27.60%	1	21,497	17.48%	0
	475	0.40%	0	50,876	42.80%	1	5,622	4.73%	0	6,304	5.30%	0	32,197	27.08%	1	21,963	18.48%	0

Detailed

2010s

2019

Results of the 2019 legislative election held on 29 September 2019:^[18] ^[19]

Party	Votes per district				align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Neun- kirchen !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Wiener Neu- stadt City !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Wiener Neu- stadt !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	21,468	7,016	19,944	140	48,568	39.50%	1
		SPÖ	12,170	5,537	9,905	61	27,673	22.51%	0
		FPÖ	10,113	4,523	9,482	72	24,190	19.67%	0
		GRÜNE	4,468	2,616	3,914	112	11,110	9.04%	0
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		NEOS	3,106	1,653	3,158	50	7,967	6.48%	0
		JETZT	896	482	726	16	2,120	1.72%	0
		KPÖ+	306	176	242	2	726	0.59%	0
		WANDL	241	119	235	4	599	0.49%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	52,768	22,122	47,606	457	122,953	100.00%	1
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	886	254	725	5	1,870	1.50%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	53,654	22,376	48,331	462	124,823	78.07%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	67,903	31,417	60,568		159,888
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	79.02%	71.22%	79.80%		78.07%

The following candidates were elected:^[20] ^[21]

Party mandates - Christian Stocker (ÖVP), 4,068 votes.

2017

Results of the 2017 legislative election held on 15 October 2017:^[22] ^[23]

Party	Votes per district				align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Neun- kirchen !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Wiener Neu- stadt City !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Wiener Neu- stadt !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
		ÖVP	18,421	6,390	17,003	143	41,957	32.14%	1
		FPÖ	16,027	6,754	15,061	119	37,961	29.08%	1
		SPÖ	15,303	7,133	12,404	137	34,977	26.80%	1
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		NEOS	2,038	1,067	2,059	45	5,209	3.99%	0
		PILZ	1,928	1,127	1,827	48	4,930	3.78%	0
		GRÜNE	1,185	684	905	30	2,804	2.15%	0
		GILT	671	304	608	5	1,588	1.22%	0
		KPÖ	249	178	256	10	693	0.53%	0
	The Whites	WEIßE	121	52	95	3	271	0.21%	0
		FLÖ	61	23	55	1	140	0.11%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	56,004	23,712	50,273	541	130,530	100.00%	3
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	676	231	628	0	1,535	1.16%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	56,680	23,943	50,901	541	132,065	82.82%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	67,967	31,306	60,187		159,460
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	83.39%	76.48%	84.57%		82.82%

The following candidates were elected:^[24] ^[25]

Party mandates - Johann Rädler (ÖVP), 4,529 votes; Peter Schmiedlechner (FPÖ), 2,594 votes; and Peter Wittmann (SPÖ), 3,159 votes.

Substitutions:

Johann Rädler (ÖVP) resigned on 11 June 2019 and was replaced by Christian Stocker (ÖVP) on 12 June 2019.^[26]

2013

Results of the 2013 legislative election held on 29 September 2013:^[27] ^[28]

Party	Votes per district				align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Neun- kirchen !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Wiener Neu- stadt City !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Wiener Neu- stadt !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		SPÖ	17,782	7,158	13,688	77	38,705	31.59%	1
		ÖVP	14,364	3,777	13,237	72	31,450	25.67%	1
		FPÖ	11,064	5,091	10,356	66	26,577	21.69%	0
		GRÜNE	3,953	2,362	3,538	55	9,908	8.09%	0
		FRANK	2,580	1,184	2,513	25	6,302	5.14%	0
		NEOS	1,734	987	1,627	34	4,382	3.58%	0
		BZÖ	1,424	643	1,338	22	3,427	2.80%	0
		KPÖ	354	246	316	6	922	0.75%	0
		PIRAT	343	216	294	5	858	0.70%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	53,598	21,664	46,907	362	122,531	100.00%	2
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	1,096	343	1,033	3	2,475	1.98%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	54,694	22,007	47,940	365	125,006	78.74%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	68,505	30,920	59,323		158,748
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	79.84%	71.17%	80.81%		78.74%

The following candidates were elected:^[29] ^[30]

Personal mandates - Johann Rädler (ÖVP), 4,639 votes.
Party mandates - Peter Wittmann (SPÖ), 4,047 votes.

2000s

2008

Results of the 2008 legislative election held on 28 September 2008:^[31] ^[32]

Party	Votes per district				align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Neun- kirchen !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Wiener Neu- stadt City !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Wiener Neu- stadt !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		SPÖ	20,300	8,598	15,604	286	44,788	35.24%	1
		ÖVP	14,913	4,123	13,807	207	33,050	26.01%	1
		FPÖ	11,418	4,963	10,015	177	26,573	20.91%	0
		BZÖ	3,701	1,578	3,326	64	8,669	6.82%	0
		GRÜNE	3,294	1,893	2,750	140	8,077	6.36%	0
		LiF	636	560	688	37	1,921	1.51%	0
		FRITZ	584	226	571	11	1,392	1.10%	0
		RETTÖ	479	172	410	11	1,072	0.84%	0
		KPÖ	318	215	275	12	820	0.65%	0
		DC	377	110	224	12	723	0.57%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	56,020	22,438	47,670	957	127,085	100.00%	2
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	1,349	451	1,360	14	3,174	2.44%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	57,369	22,889	49,030	971	130,259	83.06%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	68,619	30,245	57,966		156,830
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	83.61%	75.68%	84.58%		83.06%

The following candidates were elected:^[33] ^[34]

Party mandates - Johann Rädler (ÖVP), 5,172 votes; and Peter Wittmann (SPÖ), 4,919 votes.

2006

Results of the 2006 legislative election held on 1 October 2006:^[35] ^[36]

Party	Votes per district				align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Neun- kirchen !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Wiener Neu- stadt City !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Wiener Neu- stadt !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		SPÖ	22,875	10,427	17,751	1,521	52,574	42.38%	1
		ÖVP	17,674	4,961	16,387	1,686	40,708	32.81%	1
		FPÖ	5,878	2,601	4,816	393	13,688	11.03%	0
		GRÜNE	3,617	2,060	2,899	626	9,202	7.42%	0
		MATIN	1,497	734	1,502	139	3,872	3.12%	0
		BZÖ	1,213	591	1,130	82	3,016	2.43%	0
		KPÖ	400	244	322	28	994	0.80%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	53,154	21,618	44,807	4,475	124,054	100.00%	2
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	1,160	418	916	50	2,544	2.01%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	54,314	22,036	45,723	4,525	126,598	83.63%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	66,563	29,243	55,564		151,370
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	81.60%	75.35%	82.29%		83.63%

The following candidates were elected:^[37] ^[38]

Party mandates - Johann Rädler (ÖVP), 5,176 votes; and Peter Wittmann (SPÖ), 5,307 votes.

2002

Results of the 2002 legislative election held on 24 November 2002:^[39] ^[40]

Party	Votes per district				align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Neun- kirchen !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Wiener Neu- stadt City !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Wiener Neu- stadt !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		SPÖ	24,500	11,619	18,615	1,053	55,787	43.97%	1
		ÖVP	22,988	7,291	20,515	1,617	52,411	41.31%	1
		FPÖ	3,825	1,685	3,241	201	8,952	7.06%	0
		GRÜNE	3,359	1,863	2,478	448	8,148	6.42%	0
		LiF	340	244	329	34	947	0.75%	0
		KPÖ	258	153	194	11	616	0.49%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	55,270	22,855	45,372	3,364	126,861	100.00%	2
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	1,030	342	722	17	2,111	1.64%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	56,300	23,197	46,094	3,381	128,972	88.27%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	65,026	28,155	52,930		146,111
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	86.58%	82.39%	87.08%		88.27%

The following candidates were elected:^[41] ^[42]

Party mandates - Johann Rädler (ÖVP), 4,869 votes; and Peter Wittmann (SPÖ), 5,934 votes.

1990s

1999

Results of the 1999 legislative election held on 3 October 1999:^[43] ^[44]

Party	Votes per district				align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Neun- kirchen !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Wiener Neu- stadt City !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Wiener Neu- stadt !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		SPÖ	21,401	9,676	16,391	1,412	48,880	40.38%	1
		ÖVP	14,417	3,906	12,517	1,115	31,955	26.40%	1
		FPÖ	12,347	5,159	10,427	743	28,676	23.69%	1
		GRÜNE	2,665	1,319	1,914	344	6,242	5.16%	0
		LiF	1,027	756	896	206	2,885	2.38%	0
		DU	509	273	499	31	1,312	1.08%	0
		KPÖ	209	186	177	18	590	0.49%	0
	No to NATO and EU – Neutral Austria Citizens' Initiative	NEIN	215	83	181	25	504	0.42%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	52,790	21,358	43,002	3,894	121,044	100.00%	3
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	1,045	374	703	31	2,153	1.75%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	53,835	21,732	43,705	3,925	123,197	85.30%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	64,748	27,673	52,010		144,431
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	83.15%	78.53%	84.03%		85.30%

The following candidates were elected:^[45] ^[46]

Party mandates - Arnold Grabner (SPÖ), 4,857 votes; Franz Kampichler (ÖVP), 2,661 votes; and Hans Müller (FPÖ), 1,763 votes.

Substitutions:

Arnold Grabner (SPÖ) resigned on 31 December 2001 and was replaced by Peter Marizzi (SPÖ) on 9 January 2002.^[47]

1995

Results of the 1995 legislative election held on 17 December 1995:^[48] ^[49]

Party	Votes per district				align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Neun- kirchen !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Wiener Neu- stadt City !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Wiener Neu- stadt !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		SPÖ	25,131	11,413	18,277	996	55,817	45.38%	2
		ÖVP	15,449	4,393	13,272	830	33,944	27.60%	1
		FPÖ	9,254	3,983	7,838	422	21,497	17.48%	0
		LiF	2,276	1,449	1,974	235	5,934	4.82%	0
		GRÜNE	1,704	745	1,131	194	3,774	3.07%	0
	No – Civic Action Group Against the Sale of Austria	NEIN	683	266	553	32	1,534	1.25%	0
		KPÖ	192	179	127	4	502	0.41%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	54,689	22,428	43,172	2,713	123,002	100.00%	3
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	1,376	476	1,004	15	2,871	2.28%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	56,065	22,904	44,176	2,728	125,873	88.97%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	63,995	27,293	50,193		141,481
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	87.61%	83.92%	88.01%		88.97%

The following candidates were elected:^[50] ^[51]

Personal mandates - Johannes Ditz (ÖVP), 6,198 votes.
Party mandates - Arnold Grabner (SPÖ), 3,162 votes; and Peter Marizzi (SPÖ), 4,264 votes.

Substitutions:

Johannes Ditz (ÖVP) resigned on 13 March 1996 and was replaced by Franz Kampichler (ÖVP) on 14 March 1996.^[52] ^[53] ^[54]

1994

Results of the 1994 legislative election held on 9 October 1994:^[55] ^[56]

Party	Votes per district				align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	Total Votes !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"	% !	align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2	Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Neun- kirchen !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Wiener Neu- stadt City !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Wiener Neu- stadt !	align=center valign=bottom width="50"	Voting card
	align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"		SPÖ	22,980	10,033	16,676	1,187	50,876	42.80%	1
		ÖVP	14,952	3,793	12,507	945	32,197	27.08%	1
		FPÖ	9,667	3,887	7,581	828	21,963	18.48%	0
		LiF	2,399	1,598	2,024	283	6,304	5.30%	0
		GRÜNE	2,331	1,193	1,785	313	5,622	4.73%	0
	No – Civic Action Group Against the Sale of Austria	NEIN	514	223	448	32	1,217	1.02%	0
		KPÖ	180	175	111	9	475	0.40%	0
	United Greens Austria – List Adi Pinter	VGÖ	44	25	43	2	114	0.10%	0
	Citizen Greens Austria – Free Democrats	BGÖ	43	28	33	2	106	0.09%	0
align=left colspan=3	Valid Votes	53,110	20,955	41,208	3,601	118,874	100.00%	2
align=left colspan=3	Rejected Votes	1,117	442	904	28	2,491	2.05%
align=left colspan=3	Total Polled	54,227	21,397	42,112	3,629	121,365	85.84%
align=left colspan=3	Registered Electors	64,079	27,520	49,794		141,393
align=left colspan=3	Turnout	84.63%	77.75%	84.57%		85.84%

The following candidates were elected:^[57] ^[58]

Personal mandates - Johannes Ditz (ÖVP), 6,163 votes.
Party mandates - Arnold Grabner (SPÖ), 5,035 votes.

Substitutions:

Johannes Ditz (ÖVP) resigned on 12 December 1994 and was replaced by Franz Kampichler (ÖVP) on 13 December 1994.^[59] ^[60] ^[61]

Notes and References

Web site: Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn nach Politischen Bezirken bzw. Wiener Gemeindebezirken seit 2002 . . 9 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Stadtgebiet nach Nutzungsklassen und Gemeindebezirken . . 9 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240625151846/https://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/ogd/jahrbuch/stadtraum/tab_1.1.2_stadtgebiet_.csv . 25 June 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalrat: Abgeordnete zum Nationalrat . . 3 October 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
471. Bundesgesetz über die Wahl des Nationalrates (Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992 — NRWO) . . 4 August 1992 . 1992 . 164 . 1885 . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20240404022745/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1992_471_0/1992_471_0.pdf . 4 April 2024 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
471. Bundesgesetz über die Wahl des Nationalrates (Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992 — NRWO) . . 4 August 1992 . 1992 . 164 . 1918 . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20240404022745/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1992_471_0/1992_471_0.pdf . 4 April 2024 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
322. Kundmachung des Bundesministers für Inneres über die Zahl der auf jeden Wahlkreis entfallenden Mandate für die Wahl des Nationalrates . . 11 May 1993 . 1993 . 118 . 2707 . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20231029000533/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1993_322_0/1993_322_0.pdf . 29 October 2023 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
187. Kundmachung der Bundesministerin für Inneres über die Zahl der auf jeden Wahlkreis entfallenden Mandate für die Wahl des Nationalrates gemäß § 5 Abs. 1 der Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992 – NRWO . . 28 June 2013 . 2013 . 2 . 3 October 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20240718190902/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblAuth/BGBLA_2013_II_187/BGBLA_2013_II_187.pdfsig . 18 July 2024 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
180. Kundmachung: Zahl der auf jeden Wahlkreis entfallenden Mandate für die Wahl des Nationalrates . . 13 June 2023 . 2023 . 2 . 3 October 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20230701192716/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblAuth/BGBLA_2023_II_180/BGBLA_2023_II_180.pdfsig . 1 July 2023 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
Web site: Nationalratswahlen: Wahlkreiseinteilung . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240421071143/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Wahlkreiseinteilung.aspx . 21 April 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Austrian National Council 2019 General . Election Guide . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240228065006/https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/3350/ . 28 February 2024 . Arlington, U.S.A..
Web site: Electoral Assistance: ElecData, Compendium of Electoral Data - Austria . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240403205755/https://www.coe.int/en/web/electoral-assistance/elecdata-austria . 3 April 2024 . Strasbourg, France.
Book: Müller . Wolfgang C. . Gallagher . Michael . Mitchell . Paul . The Politics of Electoral Systems . 15 September 2005 . . Oxford, UK . 9780191603280 . 396–416 . 10 July 2024 . Austria: A Complex Electoral System with Subtle Effects.
Web site: Nationalratswahlen: Überblick . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231231143451/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/ . 31 December 2023 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Reimink . Elwin . Electoral System Change in Europe since 1945: Austria . Electoral System Change in Europe since 1945 . Jean-Benoit Pilet and Alan Renwick . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240226131754/https://www.electoralsystemchanges.eu/Files/media/MEDIA_764/FILE/Austria_summary.pdf . 26 February 2024 . 7–8.
Web site: Nationalratswahlen: Vorzugsstimmen . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240119191451/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Vorzugsstimmen.aspx . 19 January 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Demokratiepaket soll Kluft zwischen Politik und Bürgern reduzieren . . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . 31 January 2013.
Web site: Bundesrat befürwortet Stärkung des Persönlichkeitswahlrechts . . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . 5 April 2013.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2019: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene und Landeswahlkreiseben . . 7 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211115124851/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2019/files/endgultiges_Gesamtergebnis_NRW19_16102019.xlsx . 15 November 2021 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2019: Niederösterreich - Regionalwahlkreis Niederösterreich Süd . Bundeswahlen . . 3 October 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240712100926/https://www.bundeswahlen.gv.at/2019/3E.html . 12 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2019: Broschüre Landeswahlvorschläge . . 13 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240225011649/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2019/files/NRW19_Vorzugsstimmen_Landes_Regionalparteiliste_16102019.pdf . 25 February 2024 . Vienna, Austria . 19 . de.
Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 3 October 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2017: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Landeswahlkreisebene und Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten . . 8 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211206233208/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2017/files/NRW17_endgueltiges_Gesamtergebnis.xlsx . 6 December 2021 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2017: Niederösterreich - Regionalwahlkreis Niederösterreich Süd . Bundeswahlen . . 3 October 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220710121410/https://www.bundeswahlen.gv.at/2017/3E.html . 10 July 2022 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2017: Landeswahlvorschläge - Landesparteilisten - Regionalparteilisten einschließlich erreichter Vorzugsstimmen . . 9 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230425122718/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2017/files/Vorzugsstimmen_Land_Regional.pdf . 25 April 2023 . Vienna, Austria . 23-24 . de.
Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 3 October 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
XXVI. Gesetzgebungsperiode: 80. Sitzung des Nationalrates der Republik Österreich - Mittwoch, 12. Juni 2019 . Stenographisches Protokoll . 12 June 2019 . XXVI . 80 . 253 . 3 October 2024 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20240605151533/https://www.parlament.gv.at/dokument/XXVI/NRSITZ/80/fname_782697.pdf . 5 June 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2013: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Landeswahlkreisebene und Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten . . 8 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210129221519/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2013/files/NRW13_endgueltiges_Gesamtergebnis.xlsx . 29 January 2021 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2013: Niederösterreich - Regionalwahlkreis Niederösterreich Süd . Bundeswahlen . . 3 October 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2013: Landeswahlvorschläge - Landesparteilisten - Regionalparteilisten einschließlich erreichter Vorzugsstimmen . . 13 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231205082043/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2013/files/Land_VZ_Broschuere_gesamt.pdf . 5 December 2023 . Vienna, Austria . 46 . de.
Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 3 October 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2008: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Landeswahlkreisebene und Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten . . 16 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220228132617/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2008/files/Ergebnis_end.zip . 28 February 2022 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2008: Niederösterreich - Regionalwahlkreis Niederösterreich Süd . Bundeswahlen . . 3 October 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2008: Erzielte Vorzugstimmen auf Regionalwahlkreisebene . . 13 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240225140442/https://bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2008/files/Vorzugsstimmen/NRW_08_VZ_Regional.pdf . 25 February 2024 . Vienna, Austria . 21 . de.
Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 3 October 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2006: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Regionalwahlkreisebene, Landeswahlkreisebene, Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten . . 9 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200717055718/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2006/files/NRW_06_EndergebnisE.xls . 17 July 2020 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2006: Mandatsspiegel . . 9 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210508075453/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2006/files/NRW_06_MandatsspiegelV.pdf . 8 May 2021 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2006: Erzielte Vorzugstimmen auf Regionalwahlkreisebene . . 9 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240620121319/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2006/files/NRW_06_VZ_RPL.pdf . 20 June 2024 . Vienna, Austria . 15 . de.
Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 3 October 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2002: Gesamtergebnis mit Wahlkartenergebnissen der Nationalratswahl 2002 . . 9 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220809190010/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2002/files/NRW02_E_DL.zip . 9 August 2022 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2002: Mandatsvergabe - Bundesgebiet - Hauptübersicht . . 9 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211010101810/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2002/files/NRW02_Brosch_Mandate_Bund.pdf . 10 October 2021 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 2002: Erzielte Vorzugstimmen auf Regionalwahlkreisebene . . 9 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231129052307/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2002/files/Vorzug_E_Regional.pdf . 29 November 2023 . Vienna, Austria . 9 . de.
Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 3 October 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 1999: Ergebnis der Nationalratswahl 1999 . . 9 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220709132039/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1999/files/NRWergebnis1999.zip . 9 July 2022 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 1999: Erzielte Mandate . . 3 October 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240529191600/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1999/start.aspx#pk_04 . 29 May 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalratswahl 1999: Vorzugsstimmen . . 9 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220731111116/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1999/files/NRW1999vorzugsstimmen.zip . 31 July 2022 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 3 October 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
XXI. Gesetzgebungsperiode: 91. Sitzung des Nationalrates der Republik Österreich - Mittwoch, 30. Jänner 2002 . Stenographisches Protokoll . 30 January 2002 . XXI . 91 . 30 . 3 October 2024 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20231223234756/https://www.parlament.gv.at/dokument/XXI/NRSITZ/91/fname_114537.pdf . 23 December 2023 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Book: Nationalratswahl vom 17. Dezember 1995 . 1996 . . Vienna, Austria . 200–2001 . 14 August 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240620173624/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1995/files/nationalratswahl_17121995.pdf . 20 June 2024 . de.
Book: Nationalratswahl vom 17. Dezember 1995 . 1996 . . Vienna, Austria . 132 . 14 August 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240620173624/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1995/files/nationalratswahl_17121995.pdf . 20 June 2024 . de.
Book: Nationalratswahl vom 17. Dezember 1995 . 1996 . . Vienna, Austria . 24 . 14 August 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240620173624/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1995/files/nationalratswahl_17121995.pdf . 20 June 2024 . de.
Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 3 October 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
XX. Gesetzgebungsperiode: 11. Sitzung des Nationalrates der Republik Österreich - Donnerstag, 14. März 1996 . Stenographisches Protokoll . 14 March 1996 . XX . 11 . 6 . 3 October 2024 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20240715115304/https://www.parlament.gv.at/dokument/XX/NRSITZ/11/fname_114011.pdf . 15 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Book: Index zu den Stenographischen Protokollen des Nationalrates und des Bundesrates für die Zeit der XX. Gesetzgebungsperiode des Nationalrates, das ist vom 15. Jänner 1996 bis 28. Oktober 1999 . 2011 . . Vienna, Austria . 3 October 2024 . de.
Book: Index zu den Stenographischen Protokollen des Nationalrates und des Bundesrates für die Zeit der XX. Gesetzgebungsperiode des Nationalrates, das ist vom 15. Jänner 1996 bis 28. Oktober 1999 . 2011 . . Vienna, Austria . 3 October 2024 . de.
Book: Nationalratswahl vom 9. Oktober 1994 . 1995 . . Vienna, Austria . 3-7046-0713-4 . 186–187 . 10 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211114072548/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1994/files/nationalratswahl_9101994.pdf . 14 November 2021 . de.
Book: Nationalratswahl vom 9. Oktober 1994 . 1995 . . Vienna, Austria . 3-7046-0713-4 . 132 . 10 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211114072548/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1994/files/nationalratswahl_9101994.pdf . 14 November 2021 . de.
Book: Nationalratswahl vom 9. Oktober 1994 . 1995 . . Vienna, Austria . 3-7046-0713-4 . 22 . 10 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211114072548/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_1994/files/nationalratswahl_9101994.pdf . 14 November 2021 . de.
Web site: Nationalrat seit 1920: Alle Abgeordneten zum Nationalrat seit 1920 . . 3 October 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
XIX. Gesetzgebungsperiode: 11. Sitzung des Nationalrates der Republik Österreich - Donnerstag, 15. Dezember 1994 . Stenographisches Protokoll . 15 December 1994 . XIX . 11 . 12 . 3 October 2024 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20240715122643/https://www.parlament.gv.at/dokument/XIX/NRSITZ/11/imfname_106828.pdf . 15 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
Book: Index zu den Stenographischen Protokollen des Nationalrates und des Bundesrates für die Zeit der XIX. Gesetzgebungsperiode des Nationalrates, das ist vom 7. November 1994 bis 14. Jänner 1996 . 1996 . . Vienna, Austria . 149 . 3 October 2024 . de.
Book: Index zu den Stenographischen Protokollen des Nationalrates und des Bundesrates für die Zeit der XIX. Gesetzgebungsperiode des Nationalrates, das ist vom 7. November 1994 bis 14. Jänner 1996 . 1996 . . Vienna, Austria . 248 . 3 October 2024 . de.