| Honorific Prefix: | The Honourable |
| Sir Louis-Olivier Taillon | |
| Order: | 8th |
| Office: | Premier of Quebec |
| Predecessor: | John Jones Ross |
| Successor: | Honoré Mercier |
| Lieutenant Governor: | Louis-Rodrigue Masson |
| Term Start: | 25 January 1887 |
| Term End: | 27 January 1887 |
| Predecessor1: | Charles Boucher de Boucherville |
| Successor1: | Edmund James Flynn |
| Term Start1: | 16 December 1892 |
| Term End1: | 11 May 1896 |
| Monarch1: | Victoria |
| Lieutenant Governor2: | Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau |
| Office2: | Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec for Montréal-Est |
| Predecessor2: | Ferdinand-Conon David |
| Successor2: | Laurent-Olivier David |
| Term Start2: | July 7, 1875 |
| Term End2: | October 14, 1886 |
| Office3: | Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec for Montcalm |
| Predecessor3: | Jean-Baptiste-Tréfflé Richard |
| Successor3: | Joseph-Alcide Martin |
| Term Start3: | October 14, 1886 |
| Term End3: | June 17, 1890 |
| Office4: | Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec for Chambly |
| Predecessor4: | Antoine Rocheleau |
| Successor4: | Antoine Rocheleau |
| Term Start4: | Mar 8, 1892 |
| Term End4: | May 11, 1897 |
| Birth Date: | 26 September 1840 |
| Birth Place: | Saint-Louis-de-Terrebonne (Terrebonne), Lower Canada |
| Death Place: | Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
| Restingplace: | Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery |
| Party: | Conservative |
| Children: | 1 |
| Residence: | Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
| Alma Mater: | Collège Masson |
| Profession: | Lawyer |
Sir Louis-Olivier Taillon (September 26, 1840 – April 25, 1923) was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He was the eighth premier of Quebec, serving two separate terms.
Taillon's first term of office was just four days, from January 25 to January 29, 1887. This term came at the end of the Conservative government of his predecessor John Jones Ross. Ross had lost the 1886 Quebec election, but had tried to cling to power in a minority government for a few more months.
Taillon was Leader of the Opposition from 1887 until 1890, when he lost the 1890 election and his own seat.
He briefly returned to the practice of law, but following the removal of Liberal Honoré Mercier from office by the Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec, Taillon became minister without portfolio in the government of Charles-Eugène Boucher de Boucherville. Taillon became premier when Boucher de Boucherville resigned. Taillon lost the 1890 election but continued as leader of the party.
He resigned in 1896 and moved into federal politics to serve as Postmaster-General in the very short-lived federal Conservative government of Charles Tupper, from May to July 1896. He failed to gain a federal seat in the 1896 federal election, and likewise failed to secure a seat in the 1900 federal election, ending his political career. In 1916, he was made a Knight Bachelor.
Taillon was born in Terrebonne, Lower Canada (now Quebec). He was the son of Aimé Taillon, a farmer, and Josephte Daunais. Taillon married Georgiana Archambault in 1875. Archambault and their child died shortly after the child's birth in January 1876.[1]
By the 1920s, Taillon had lost his sight and by 1922 had cut off his beard, his political trademark. Taillon lived in the Institution des Sourdes-Muettes on Rue Saint-Denis in Montreal. Taillon died in 1923.[1]