| Official Name: | Loughton | ||||||
| Country: | England | ||||||
| Region: | East of England | ||||||
| Static Image Name: | High Road, Loughton, Essex - geograph.org.uk - 2151568.jpg | ||||||
| Static Image Caption: | High Road, Loughton | ||||||
| Area Total Km2: | 15.30 | ||||||
| Area Footnotes: | [1] | ||||||
| Population: | 33,353 | ||||||
| Population Ref: | (2021 census) | ||||||
| Os Grid Reference: | TQ422961 | ||||||
| Coordinates: | 51.6494°N 0.0735°W | ||||||
| Post Town: | LOUGHTON | ||||||
| Postcode Area: | IG | ||||||
| Postcode District: | IG10 | ||||||
| Dial Code: | 020 | ||||||
| Constituency Westminster: | Epping Forest | ||||||
| Charingx Distance Mi: | 12 | ||||||
| Charingx Direction: | SW | ||||||
| Civil Parish: | Loughton | ||||||
| Shire District: | Epping Forest | ||||||
| Shire County: | Essex | ||||||
| Website: | http://www.loughton-tc.gov.uk | ||||||
| Module: |
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Loughton is a town and civil parish in the Epping Forest District of Essex, within the metropolitan and urban area of London, England. Situated 12miles north-east of Charing Cross, the town borders Waltham Abbey, Theydon Bois, Chigwell, Chingford, and Buckhurst Hill.
The parish of Loughton covers part of Epping Forest, in 1996 some parts of the south of the old parish were transferred to Buckhurst Hill parish, and other small portions to Chigwell and Theydon Bois. It is the most populous civil parish in the Epping Forest district, and within Essex it is the second most populous civil parish (after Canvey Island) and the second largest in the area. At the 2021 census, it had a population of 33,353.
Loughton has three conservation areas and there are 56 listed buildings in the town, together with a further 50 that are locally listed.[2]
See main article: History of Loughton. The earliest structure in Loughton is Loughton Camp, an Iron Age earth fort in Epping Forest dating from around 500 BC. Hidden by dense undergrowth for centuries, it was rediscovered in 1872.
The first references to the site of modern-day Loughton date from the Anglo-Saxon period when it was known as Lukintune ("the farm of Luhha"). The earliest written evidence of this settlement is in the charter of Edward the Confessor in 1062 which granted various estates, including Tippedene (Debden) and Alwartune (Alderton Hall, in Loughton), to Harold Godwinson (later King Harold II) following his re-founding of Waltham Abbey. Following the Norman conquest, the town is also mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, with the name Lochintuna.The settlement remained a small village until the early 17th century when the high road was extended north through the forest. The road quickly became the main route from London to Cambridge and East Anglia, and Loughton grew into an important stop with coaching inns. The most significant of the great houses of this period, built as country retreats for wealthy City merchants and courtiers, was Loughton Hall, owned by Mary Tudor two months before she became Queen Mary of England in 1553, and later by the Wroth family from 1578 to 1738. Sir Robert Wroth ( - 1614) and his wife Lady Mary Wroth (1587 -) entertained many of the great literary figures of the time, including Ben Jonson, at the house. It was rebuilt in 1878 by Revd. J. W. Maitland, whose family held the manor for much of the 19th century. It is now a Veecare Homes care home and is a grade II listed building.
Loughton's growth since Domesday has largely been at the expense of the forest. Expansion towards the River Roding was arrested owing to the often flooding marshy meadows, encroachments into the forest to the north and west of the village were nevertheless possible. Loughton landlords and villagers both exploited the forest waste (open spaces and scrub of the forest), but the trickle of forest destruction threatened to turn into a flood in the 19th century after royalty had lost interest in protecting the woodland as a hunting reserve.
The arrival of the railway spurred on the town's development. The railway first came to Loughton in 1856 when the Eastern Counties Railway (later the Great Eastern Railway) opened a branch line via Woodford. In 1948 the line was electrified and transferred to London Transport to become part of the Central line on the London Underground.
Loughton was a fashionable place for artistic and scientific residents in Victorian and Edwardian times, and a number of prominent residents were renowned socialists, nonconformists, and social reformers. In the north-east is a post-war development being one of the London County Council's country estates, built with the express purpose of co-locating industrial, retail and residential properties to facilitate supported re-location of London families affected by war damage within the capital.
Located within Debden's industrial estate is the former printing works of the Bank of England; in 1993 the printing works were taken over by De La Rue on their winning the contract to print the banknotes. The headquarters of greeting card company Clinton Cards and construction firm Higgins Group are also located within the Debden Industrial Estate. In 2008, electronics firm Amshold announced their intention to move the group's headquarters to Loughton from Brentwood. They moved to a site in Langston Road; in 2012, their property company Amsprop converted a headquarters building next to the Town Council offices in Rectory Lane.
In 2002, Loughton featured in the ITV1 programme Essex Wives, a documentary series about the lives of some of the nouveau riche who have resided in the Essex satellite towns of London since the 1980s. The series propelled Jodie Marsh, one of its featured characters, to fame. Journalists' use of the term "golden triangle" to describe the towns of Loughton, Buckhurst Hill and Chigwell for their propensity to attract wealthy footballers, soap-opera actors and TV celebrities as residents derives from this.The town has been used as a backdrop in other television series, notably The Only Way is Essex, and two shops in the High Road are associated with members of its cast.[3]
Loughton is bounded by Epping Forest to the west and the Roding river valley to the east. After the Epping Forest Act of 1878 prohibited any further expansion of the town into the forest, the forest and the river have formed two natural barriers constraining any expansion westwards or eastwards, and consequently most of the growth in the last 100 years has been through infilling and construction of new housing estates to the north and south of the old town centre, plus the purpose-built suburb of Debden to the north-east. The Roding valley is somewhat marshy and the river is prone to flooding, so construction close to the river is very limited and the majority of the land around it has been designated as a nature reserve or left as open space parkland. The M11 motorway that follows the course of the Roding along this section of its length is built on raised banks or flyovers, to avoid potential problems with flooding.The highest parts of the town are the roads that border the forest's edge; from the green outside the Gardeners Arms pub near the junction of York Hill, Pump Hill and Baldwins Hill there are views of London, south-west Essex, Kent and Surrey. From here, on a clear day, there is a panoramic view of London landmarks and the North Downs beyond. There are numerous other fine views from different parts of the town, including one roughly at the junction of Traps Hill, Borders Lane, Alderton Hill and Spareleaze Hill, and another on Spring Grove and Hillcrest Road. In the valley between these two hills flows Loughton Brook, which rises in Epping Forest near Waltham Abbey and flows through the forest and Baldwins and Staples Ponds before traversing the town and emptying into the Roding.
There are several distinctive neighbourhoods in Loughton mostly identifiable by the building types incorporated during their development:
At the 2021 census, Loughton had a population of 33,353, an increase from 31,106 in 2011.
The 2021 census showed that 73.5% of the town's population identified as White British. In 2016, Loughton was assessed by the Policy Exchange as the third best ethnically integrated town in the country.[5]
| Ethnic Group | 1991[6] | 2001[7] | 2011[8] | 2021[9] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | ||
| White Total | 27,617 | 97.5% | 28,867 | 95.1% | 28,232 | 90.8% | 28,116 | 84.3% | |
| White: English/Welsh/Scottish/Northern Irish/British | – | – | 27,631 | 91.1% | 26,342 | 84.7% | 24,517 | 73.5% | |
| White: Irish | – | – | 381 | 1.3% | 367 | 1.2% | 423 | 1.3% | |
| White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller | – | – | – | – | 22 | 0.1% | 16 | 0% | |
| White: Romani | – | – | – | – | – | – | 38 | 0.1% | |
| White: Other | – | – | 855 | 2.8% | 1,501 | 4.8% | 3,122 | 9.4% | |
| Asian Total | 516 | 1.8% | 866 | 2.9% | 1,342 | 4.3% | 2,236 | 6.7% | |
| Asian or Asian British: Indian | 319 | 1.1% | 506 | 1.7% | 665 | 2.1% | 1,064 | 3.2% | |
| Asian or Asian British: Pakistani | 31 | 0.1% | 106 | 0.3% | 203 | 0.7% | 383 | 1.1% | |
| Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi | 6 | 0% | 45 | 0.1% | 59 | 0.2% | 141 | 0.4% | |
| Asian or Asian British: Chinese | 92 | 0.3% | 124 | 0.4% | 161 | 0.5% | 256 | 0.8% | |
| Asian or Asian British: Other Asian | 68 | 0.2% | 85 | 0.3% | 254 | 0.8% | 392 | 1.2% | |
| Black Total | 109 | 0.4% | 209 | 0.7% | 589 | 1.9% | 942 | 2.8% | |
| Black or Black British: African | 30 | 0.1% | 97 | 0.3% | 338 | 1.1% | 486 | 1.5% | |
| Black or Black British: Caribbean | 46 | 0.2% | 105 | 0.3% | 177 | 0.6% | 331 | 1% | |
| Black or Black British: Other Black | 33 | 0.1% | 7 | 0% | 74 | 0.2% | 125 | 0.4% | |
| Mixed Total | – | – | 317 | 1% | 743 | 2.4% | 1,352 | 4.1% | |
| Mixed: White and Black Caribbean | – | – | 116 | 0.4% | 257 | 0.8% | 404 | 1.2% | |
| Mixed: White and Black African | – | – | 14 | 0% | 83 | 0.3% | 172 | 0.5% | |
| Mixed: White and Asian | – | – | 112 | 0.4% | 226 | 0.7% | 418 | 1.3% | |
| Mixed: Other Mixed | – | – | 75 | 0.2% | 177 | 0.6% | 358 | 1.1% | |
| Other: Total | 76 | 0.3% | 81 | 0.3% | 200 | 0.6% | 707 | 2.1% | |
| Other: Arab | – | – | – | – | 33 | 0.1% | 102 | 0.3% | |
| Other: Any other ethnic group | 76 | 0% | 81 | 0.3% | 167 | 0.5% | 605 | 1.8% | |
| Total | 28,318 | 100.0% | 30,340 | 100.0% | 31,106 | 100.0% | 33,353 | 100.0% | |
See main article: Politics of Loughton. Loughton Urban District Council, established in 1900 was based at Lopping Hall.[10] The area became part of Chigwell Urban District in 1933 and remained as such until 1974, when Epping Forest District Council was created. Loughton Town Council was established in 1996. The Town Council consists of 22 councillors representing 7 wards, elected for a four-year term. The Town Council started off in temporary accommodation, but in 2000 moved to offices on the newly constructed Buckingham Court in Rectory Lane. In 2017, the council moved to the newly redesignated Loughton Library and Town Hall in the town centre.
At district council level, Loughton is represented by two councillors from each of the 7 wards, elected for a four-year term. At county council level, Loughton is split between three divisions, Buckhurst Hill & Loughton South, Chigwell & Loughton Broadway, and Loughton Central, each returning one councillor elected for a four-year term.
Loughton has been part of the Epping Forest parliamentary constituency since its creation in 1974.
Between 1839 and 31 March 2000, policing and crime prevention was provided by the Metropolitan Police. From 1 April 2000, responsibilities were transferred to the Essex Police following the creation of the Greater London Authority.
Loughton has a fire station operated by the Essex County Fire and Rescue Service.
Loughton is home to the East 15 Acting School. East 15 grew from the work of Joan Littlewood's famed Theatre Workshop. Joan Littlewood's Theatre Workshop was based in Stratford, London, whose postal district is E15.[11] The School, which became part of the University of Essex in 2000, includes the Corbett Theatre in its campus. Regular productions are staged at the theatre, which was named after Harry H. Corbett (1925 - 1982), himself a Theatre Workshop member and benefactor of East 15. The theatre building is actually a converted medieval flint barn from Ditchling, Sussex which was dismantled and rebuilt in Loughton.
The character actor Jack Watling (1923 - 2001) lived in Alderton Hall, Loughton. His son, Giles (born 1953), also an actor, was born there. Actor and playwright Ken Campbell (1941 - 2008), nicknamed 'The Elf of Epping Forest', lived in Baldwins Hill, Loughton, where a blue plaque to him was erected in 2013. Comedy-drama actor Alan Davies (born 1966) grew up in Loughton, and attended Staples Road school. Actress Jane Carr (born 1950), best known for her role as "Louise Mercer" in the American version of the sitcom Dear John from 1988 to 1992, was born in Loughton.Amateur drama is performed mainly at Lopping Hall. Performances are from Loughton Amateur Dramatic Society, founded in 1924, which until 2006 alternated with those from the now-defunct West Essex Repertory Company, founded in 1945.[12] Lopping Hall opened in 1884 and was paid for by the Corporation of London to compensate villagers for the loss of traditional rights to lop wood in Epping Forest, rights which were bought out when the management of the forest was taken over by the corporation in 1878. Lopping Hall served as Loughton's town hall and was the venue for most of the parish's social – and especially musical - activities during the early 20th century. There are ambitious plans by the Trustees for the building's restoration. There is also a full-scale theatre, the College Theatre, on the campus of Epping Forest College.
Loughton's classical music scene dates back to the late 19th century, when there were regular concerts by the Loughton Choral Society in Lopping Hall under the conductorship of Henry Riding. Today, performances are mainly at two venues: Loughton Methodist Church hosts the annual Loughton Youth Music Festival, which showcases talented pupils from local schools and colleges.[13] St. John's Church festival choir undertakes extensive overseas tours, and in turn hosts well-known soloists, chamber and operatic groups.[14] The music hall artiste José Collins (1887 - 1958) lived at 107 High Road. The hymn writer Sarah Flower Adams (1805 - 1848) lived with her husband William Bridges Adams (1797 - 1872) at a house called 'Sunnybank', demolished in 1888 and replaced by No. 9 Woodbury Hill.
Loughton boasts a few rock and pop music connections; Mark Knopfler of Dire Straits was a lecturer at Loughton College (now Epping Forest College), and the Genesis song "The Battle of Epping Forest" is based on an actual event when rival East End gangs fought a turf war in the forest. The Wake Arms public house (now demolished), which was about 50yd north of the Loughton boundary in Waltham Abbey on a roundabout, was a rock music venue from 1968 to 1973, hosting bands such as Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Genesis, Pretty Things, Status Quo, Uriah Heep, and Van der Graaf Generator. Ray Dorset, the lead singer of Mungo Jerry, had his first taste of fame when his band 'The Tramps' won the Loughton Beat Contest in 1964.[15]
Roding Players is an amateur orchestra which rehearses at Roding Valley High School and gives three concerts a year in the Epping Forest area; composer Miles Harwood is Musical Director. Loughton Ladies Choir gives regular afternoon concerts in the Epping Forest area. Epping Forest Brass Band, founded in 1935, also has regular concerts in the Epping Forest area, and competes in national competitions and exhibitions. Loughton Cinema had a resident ladies' band during the 1930s.
Loughton also has its own music academy the 'Loughton Music Academy' founded in 2001. Performances are with full orchestral participation.
Loughton Folk Club was founded on 28 October 2010 and held its first Loughton Folk Day on 9 April 2011. The Club meets weekly at 8pm at Loughton Club, Station Road, Loughton.[16]
In the 1930s, Loughton was home to the Pollards Operas, outdoor operatic performances in the garden of a large house. These were directed by Iris Lemare (1902 - 1997) and produced by Geoffrey Dunn (1903 - 1981), a prominent impresario, actor and cinematographer, and included several first British performances of operas. Loughton Operatic Society, founded in 1894, is one of the oldest arts organisations in Essex, and still stages regular musicals and operas at Lopping Hall.[17]
Epping Forest District Council's Arts Unit, Epping Forest Arts, stages occasional dance-based performance works in Loughton, with community and schools participation. Harlow Ballet, which stages full-scale amateur ballet productions at Harlow Playhouse, also recruits in the area.
The sculptor and painter Sir Jacob Epstein (1880 - 1959) lived at 'Deerhurst' between 1933 and 1950, after having rented no. 49 Baldwins Hill; he produced some of works there. Sculptor Elsa Fraenkel lived at Elm Lodge, Church Lane, after World War II.[18] Artist John Strevens (1902 - 1990) lived at 8 Lower Park Road from 1963 until his death.[19] Walter Spradbury (1889 - 1969), best known for his iconic interwar London Transport posters, lived nearby in Buckhurst Hill.[20]
Octavius Deacon was a 19th-century naïve artist from Loughton who painted scenes of village life. William Lakin Turner lived and painted at Clovelly, York Hill, Loughton, in the 1890s. From 1908 to 1936, William Brown Macdougall, artist, and his wife, the author and translator, Margaret Armour, lived in Loughton. Juggler Mark Robertson (1963 - 1992) lived at 'The Avenue' and appeared at the London Palladium and on television.
Early cinematic shows took place in the Lopping Hall. A purpose-built Loughton Cinema was opened by actress Evelyn Laye on 9 October 1928; designed by local architect Theodore Legg, it could seat 847. This was later reduced to 700. The cinema was renamed the Century in 1953, and closed on 25 May 1963, and has since been demolished and replaced by shops. In July 2010 Loughton Town Council organised a screening of An Education, the first film screening in Loughton since the closure of the cinema, and its success prompted the formation of the Loughton Film Society in September 2010 to redress the lack of a local cinema.[21]
George Pearson (1875 - 1973), a director and film-writer in the early years of British cinematography, was headmaster of Staples Road Junior School, Loughton 1908 - 1913. Charles Ashton (1884 -), film actor from the silent movie era, lived at 20 Carroll Hill, Loughton, from 1917 - 34. He starred in more than 20 films between 1918 - 29, including the first film version of The Monkey's Paw, and Kitty, based on Warwick Deeping's novel of the same name.
Several films have been set in the Loughton area, including the 2001 TV movie Hot Money, based on real events at Loughton's Bank of England printing works.[22]
Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream was perhaps written for the marriage of Sir Thomas Heneage, Vice-Chamberlain of the Royal Household to the Countess of Southampton, who lived near Loughton at Copped Hall.[23]
Lady Mary Wroth (1586 - 1652), niece of poet Sir Philip Sidney, lived at Loughton Hall with her husband Sir Robert Wroth, and they turned the mansion into a centre of Jacobean literary life. Ben Jonson was a frequent visitor, and dedicated his play The Alchemist to Mary and poetry collection The Forest to Sir Robert. Lady Mary was an author in her own right, and her book Urania is generally regarded as the first full-length English novel by a woman.
Anthony Trollope (1815 - 1882) who lived for some time at nearby Waltham Cross, set part of his novel Phineas Finn (1869), which parodies corrupt electoral procedures, in a fictitious Loughton. Robert Hunter, lexicographer and encyclopaedist (1823 - 1897) built a house in Loughton, and there compiled his massive Encyclopaedic dictionary. William Wymark Jacobs (1863 - 1943) lived at The Outlook, Upper Park Road before moving to Feltham House, Goldings Road. Best known as the author of the short story The Monkey's Paw. Jacobs also wrote sardonic short stories based in 'Claybury', a thinly veiled fictionalisation of Loughton. Rudyard Kipling (1865 - 1936) stayed as a child at Goldings Hill Farm.
Arthur Morrison (1863 - 1945), best known for his grim novels about London's East End, lived in Salcombe House, Loughton High Road. Constance E. H. Inskip (1905 - 1945) an Evening News journalist who also wrote three novels amongst other translation work, lived in the town until her death at the birth of her daughter. Both were buried at nearby High Beach.[24] Hesba Stretton (1832 - 1911) was a children's author who lived in Loughton. Hesba Stretton was the pen name of Sarah Smith; her novels about the street children of Victorian London raised awareness of their plight. Horace Newte lived at Alderton Hall and the Chestnuts: he was a prolific novelist. Another children's writer, Winifred Darch (1884 - 1960), taught at Loughton County High School for Girls 1906 - 1935 (now Roding Valley High School), as did the hymnodist and poet, Emily Chisholm (1910 - 1991), who lived in Loughton at 3 Lower Park Rd.
Ruth Rendell, Baroness Rendell of Babergh (1930 - 2015), who lived in Shelley Grove, Loughton, was educated at Loughton County High School for Girls and subsequently worked as a journalist in Loughton at the West Essex Gazette. Some of her fiction is set in Epping Forest, and 'Little Cornwall', the hilly area of north-west Loughton close to Epping Forest, takes its name from her description in the novel The Face of Trespass. Much of her 2014 novel The Girl Next Door is set in the Loughton of 1944 and 2013.[25] There is a blue plaque on one of her former homes, 45 Millsmead Way.
Poets associated with Loughton include Sarah Flower Adams (1805 - 1848), and Sarah Catherine Martin (c. 1766 - 1826), author of the nursery rhyme "Old Mother Hubbard", who is buried in the churchyard of St. Nicholas Church, Loughton. William Sotheby (1757 - 1833), poet and classicist, lived at Fairmead, Loughton. Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809 - 1892) lived at Beech Hill House, High Beach 1837 - 1840 where he wrote parts of his magnum opus "In Memoriam". John Clare (1793 - 1864) lived at a private asylum at High Beach 1837 - 1841. The First World War poet Edward Thomas (1878 - 1917) also lived at High Beach 1915 - 1917. The poet George Barker (1913 - 1991) was born at 116 Forest Road, Loughton. Geoffrey Ainger (1925 - 2013), who wrote the Christmas carols "Born in the Night", "Mary's Child", "Do Shepherds Stand" and several other hymns, was Methodist minister of Loughton 1958 - 63. Ralph Russell, foremost Western scholar of Urdu language and literature, lived in Queens Road as a child and attended Staples Road School.
T. E. Lawrence bought land at Pole Hill in Chingford after the First World War and constructed a hut and swimming pool there. After the Chingford Urban District council bought the land in 1930 and demolished his structures, he re-erected the hut in the grounds of The Warren in Loughton in 1931. The hut remains there, but in a state of disrepair.[26]
Loughton is home to two national archives:
Funding was pledged in 2006 to help establish a Street Museum in Loughton. There is also an Epping Forest District Museum store in the town, but this is not open to the public.
A number of Loughton buildings, including the Masonic Hall, Lopping Hall, Mortuary Chapel and several churches, were opened for Heritage Open Days in September 2007, the first time this had been done.
A number of sports personalities live in the town, including cricketers James Foster and Ryan ten Doeschate, and footballer Harry Kane.
Loughton Leisure Centre at Traps Hill, managed by a private operator on behalf of the Epping Forest District Council, includes a swimming pool complex and fitness facilities. Other large commercial sports and leisure facilities are also to be found in the area.
Total Football Mania runs 6 per side football adult leagues at Roding Valley School and Debden Park School.Www.totalfootballmania.com Loughton FC, founded in 1965, dropped out of the Hertfordshire Senior County League in 2007 and now plays in the Bishops Stortford, Stansted and District League and has youth teams in the Echo Junior League and the Barking Youth League. Ron Greenwood (1921–2006), manager of the England football team 1977–82, lived in Loughton for some years at 18 Brooklyn Avenue. The Football Academy UK opened in July 2007 on the site of the Britannia Sports Club in Langston Road.
The town is served by both Loughton tube station and, further north-east, Debden tube station on the Central line of the London Underground. The line provides access to locations in the City, east and west London.[31]
The current Loughton station was opened in 1940, but both the line and stations existed before that. The railway line dates back to 22 August 1856, when the branch from Stratford was opened by the Eastern Counties Railway. Debden station was named Chigwell Lane from 1865 until 1949 (although it was Chigwell Road for a few months in 1865). The route transferred to the Central line in 1949.
Bus routes serving Loughton are London Buses services, operated primarily by Stagecoach London. Services link the town with Buckhurst Hill, Chingford, Debden, Ilford, Walthamstow and Woodford. Other services include Route 66 operated by Arriva to Waltham Cross and various Central Connect services. [32]
The M11 motorway, which links Cambridge to London, is accessed on Loughton's eastern boundary at junction 5 (south). The junction does not permit entry to northbound carriageway, nor exit southbound. The M11 was constructed in a number of phases beginning in the 1970s and finally opened in the 1980s.
In 2006, schools in Loughton had approximately 2330 places in post-16 education, approximately 1200 places in Key Stage 4, approx. 1700 places in Key Stage 3, approximately 1500 places in Key Stage 2 and approximately 600 places in Key Stage 1 - almost all of which were in comprehensive schools. Davenant Foundation has always had a sixth form; the other two secondary schools opened sixth forms in September 2015.
Notable people associated with Loughton (apart from those listed above) include: