Los Rastros Formation Explained

Los Rastros Formation
Type:Geological formation
Period:Carnian
Age:Carnian
Prilithology:Claystone, sandstone
Otherlithology:Mudstone
Region:La Rioja Province
San Juan Province
Country:Argentina
Coordinates:-29.1°N -69.1°W
Paleocoordinates:-45.8°N -34.9°W
Unitof:Agua de la Peña Group
Underlies:Ischigualasto Formation
Overlies:Chañares Formation
Thickness:Up to 1000m (3,000feet)
Extent:Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin

The Los Rastros Formation is a mid-Carnian fossiliferous formation of the Agua de la Peña Group, in the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin of northwestern Argentina. Fossil archosaur tracks,[1] as well as many insects,[2] fish, bivalves, crustaceans and plants have been reported from the formation.[3]

Geology

The formation overlies the Chañares Formation (and/or the Ischicuca Formation), and is overlain by the Ischigualasto Formation.[4] The formation belongs to the Agua de la Peña Group of the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin, where it is exposed in the Ischigualasto Provincial Park, a World Heritage Site in Argentina.[5] The up to 1000m (3,000feet) thick formation of claystones, mudstones and sandstones was deposited in a deltaic to lacustrine environment during the first post-rift sequence in the basin.[4] [6] [7]

A CA-TIMS U-Pb zircon age of 234.47 ± 0.44 Ma from the lower Los Rastros Formation was published in 2020. The acquired age demonstrates that most of the overlying lacustrine strata within the basin were deposited during or after the Carnian Pluvial Event (CPE).[8]

Paleobiota

The only tetrapod body fossil reported from the Los Rastros Formation is a poorly-preserved temnospondyl amphibian.[9]

Ichnofossils

Tetrapod footprints are a conspicuous type of ichnofossils (trace fossils) found in the Los Rastros Formation, particularly at the Quebrada de Ischichuca locality near Cerro Bola.[10] [11] Most of the trackways are symmetrical prints created by animals with a narrow bipedal stance, three toes contacting the ground, and a raised fourth toe. They were presumably early dinosaurs or dinosauromorphs, with a hip height exceeding 75 cm. These prints are found in deltaic sandbars, parallel to the lakeshore. While some sources tentatively interpret these as theropod footprints,[12] the generalized nature of Triassic dinosaurs and their relatives prevent a precise referral. Some of the tridactyl trackways also preserve hand prints, with quadrupedal pseudosuchians or other archosaurs as likely trackmakers. Named reptile ichnotaxa from the Los Rastros Formation include Rhynchosauroides sp. (sphenodonts or other small reptiles) and Rigalites ischigualastianus (large quadrupedal pseudosuchians).[13]

Another form of trackway consists of numerous non-overlapping sets of broad rounded depressions on a heavily trampled wackestone surface. They may have been left by a herd of dicynodonts walking down to the lakeshore. Palaeophycus tubularis invertebrate burrows are also abundant.

Fish

Actinopterygians (ray-finned fish) of the Los Rastros Formation
GenusSpeciesLocalityMaterialNotesImages
ChallaiaC. elongataAgua de la Peña Creek (San Juan Province)A very large (>70 cm) specimen which is mostly complete, missing the tail and the front of the skull.A late-surviving acrolepid, also known from the Cuyo Basin. Previously referred to Myriolepis.[14]
GualolepisG. carinaesquamosaCañón del Gualo (La Rioja Province)Two specimens, each representing portions of the skull and anterior torso.A probable chondrostean (distantly related to modern sturgeons and paddlefish) with similarities to the family Peipiaosteidae.
RastrolepisR. latipinnataCañón del Gualo (La Rioja Province)A large (>39 cm) specimen which is mostly complete, missing the rear of the tail and the front of the skull.An indeterminate actinopterygian similar to redfieldiiforms
R. riojaensisCañón del Gualo (La Rioja Province)A large (>54 cm) specimen which is mostly complete.An indeterminate actinopterygian similar to redfieldiiforms

Invertebrates

The Los Rastros Formation has produced many insect fossils, with most new species belonging to blattopterans (cockroaches and kin), coleopterans (beetles and kin), or hemipterans (true bugs). Among Triassic formations of South America, the Los Rastros Formation's insect diversity is only rivaled by the Potrerillos Formation in the Cuyo Basin. Other invertebrate fossils from the Los Rastros Formation include Lioestheria ("conchostracans" or clam shrimp) and Paleomutella (freshwater mussels).

Blattoptera

Blattoptera (cockroaches and relatives) of the Los Rastros Formation
GenusSpeciesLocalityMaterialNotesImages
Argentinoblatta[15] A. herbstiRío Gualo (La Rioja Province)
ArgentinoblattulaA. revelataRío Gualo (La Rioja Province)
CondorblattaC. lutzaeRío Gualo, Los Chañares[16] (La Rioja Province)
HermosablattaH. crassatellaRío Gualo, Picos Gemelos (La Rioja Province)
H. pectinataRío Gualo (La Rioja Province)
LariojablattaL. chanarensisLos Chañares (La Rioja Province)
MancusoblattaM. pulchellaRío Gualo (La Rioja Province)
PulchellablattaP. nanaRío Gualo (La Rioja Province)
SamaroblattaS. corrientesinaRío Gualo (La Rioja Province)
S. gualoensisRío Gualo (La Rioja Province)
TriassoblattaT. argentinaPicos Gemelos (La Rioja Province)

Coleoptera

Coleoptera (beetles and relatives) of the Los Rastros Formation
GenusSpeciesLocalityMaterialNotesImages
AdemosyneA. arcucciae[17] An ademosynid
A. elongatusAn ademosynid
A. hexacostataAn ademosynid
A. punctuadaAn ademosynid
ArgentinocupesA. abdalaiA cupedid (reticulated beetle)
A. pulcherRío Gualo, Los Chañares (La Rioja Province)A cupedid (reticulated beetle)
ArgentinosyneA. bonaparteiLos Chañares (La Rioja Province)A permosynid
A. frenguelliiA permosynid
A. gonaldiaeA permosynid
A. gualoensisA permosynid
A. losrastroensisA permosynid
A. rugosaA permosynid
CardiosyneC. elegansA possible elaterid (click beetle)
C. obesaA possible elaterid (click beetle)
GemelinaG. triangularisA possible elaterid (click beetle)

Hemiptera

Indeterminate corixids (water boatmen) are also known from the Gualo locality.[18]

Hemipterans (true bugs) of the Los Rastros Formation
GenusSpeciesLocalityMaterialNotesImages
ApheloscytaA. mayaeGualo (La Rioja Province)A scytinopterid cicadomorph (a type of true bug related to leafhoppers and cicadas). Previously given the name Gualoscytina mayae.[19]
DysmorphoptiloidesD. losrastroensisGualo (La Rioja Province)A dysmorphoptilid auchenorrhynchan
FulgoboleF. arcucciaeGualo (La Rioja Province)A mesojabloniid cicadomorph. Previously given the name Australocicada arcucciae.[20] [21]
GallegomorphoptilaG. acostai[22] Gualo (La Rioja Province)A dysmorphoptilid auchenorrhynchan, formerly referred to the genus Dysmorphoptiloides.
G. brevipteraGualo (La Rioja Province)A dysmorphoptilid auchenorrhynchan
G. giganteaGualo (La Rioja Province)A dysmorphoptilid auchenorrhynchan, formerly referred to the genus Dysmorphoptiloides.
G. pulcherrimaGualo (La Rioja Province)A dysmorphoptilid auchenorrhynchan, formerly referred to the genus Dysmorphoptiloides.
GualoscartaG. obscuraGualo (La Rioja Province)A dysmorphoptilid auchenorrhynchan
MesoscytinaM. forsteraeGualo (La Rioja Province)A scytinopterid cicadomorph. Previously given the name Argentinopheloscyta forsterae.
PopovigocimexP. yuriiGualo (La Rioja Province)ForewingA progonocimicid coleorrhynchan (moss bug)
SaaloscytinaS. carmonae[23] Los Chañares, Gualo (La Rioja Province)A saaloscytinid cicadomorph. Fossils of this species were formerly given the names Chanarelytrina nana and Chanarescytina carmonae.
YurigocimexY. popoviGualo (La Rioja Province)ForewingA progonocimicid coleorrhynchan (moss bug)

Other insects

Other insects of the Los Rastros Formation
GenusSpeciesLocalityMaterialNotesImages
ArgentinoglosselytrinaA. pulchellaGualo (La Rioja Province)A polycytellid glosselytrodean
ArgentinoperlidiumA. rogersiGualo (La Rioja Province)Forewing fragmentA gripopterigid plecopteran (stonefly).
FrenguelliphlebiaF. labandeiraiGualo (La Rioja Province)Forewing fragmentAn indeterminate odonatopteran (a relative of dragonflies and damselfies)
MiominaM. riojanaLos Chañares (La Rioja Province)A miomopteran
NotopamphagopsisN. spp.Gualo (La Rioja Province)Wing fragmentsThree unnamed species of haglid ensiferans (cricket-like insects)

Plants

A wide variety of plant fossils are known from the Los Rastros Formation, including both microfossils and macrofossils.[24] [25] [26]

Most species from the formation have been listed by Lutz et al. (2011) and Pedernera et al. (2020).

Seed ferns

"Seed fern" macrofossils of the Los Rastros Formation
GenusSpeciesLocalityMaterialNotesImages
DejerseyaD. lobataIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province)Frond fragmentsA possible peltasperm
D. lunensisIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province)Frond fragmentsA possible peltasperm
DicroidiumD. argenteumIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province)Frond fragmentsAn umkomasialean (or corystosperm)
D. crassumIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province)Frond fragmentsAn umkomasialean (or corystosperm)
D. dubiumIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province), Ischichuca CreekFrond fragmentsAn umkomasialean (or corystosperm)
D. lancifoliumIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province), Ischichuca CreekFrond fragmentsAn umkomasialean (or corystosperm)
D. lineatumIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province)Frond fragmentsAn umkomasialean (or corystosperm)
D. nondichotomaIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province)Frond fragmentsAn umkomasialean (or corystosperm)
D. obtusifoliumIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province)Frond fragmentsAn umkomasialean (or corystosperm)
D. odontopteroidesIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province), Gualo (La Rioja Province), Ischichuca CreekFrond fragmentsAn umkomasialean (or corystosperm)
D. pinnis-distantibusIschichuca CreekAn umkomasialean (or corystosperm)
JohnstoniaJ. coriaceaAgua de la Peña Creek, Ischichuca CreekFrond fragmentsAn umkomasialean (or corystosperm)
J. dutoitiiIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province)Frond fragmentsAn umkomasialean (or corystosperm)
J. stelznerianaIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province), Gualo (La Rioja Province) Ischichuca CreekFrond fragmentsAn umkomasialean (or corystosperm)
MatatiellaM. rosetaSeed conesA seed fern of uncertain affinities, possibly a peltasperm or umkomasialean
PachydermophyllumP. papillosumAgua de la Peña Creek.Frond fragmentsA peltasperm
P. praecordilleraeIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province)Frond fragmentsA peltasperm
PeltaspermumP. monodiscumAgua de la Peña Creek.Seed conesA peltasperm
RhexoxylonR. sp.Ischichuca CreekFossil woodAn umkomasialean (or corystosperm)
RochipterisR. alexandrianaIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province)Frond fragmentsA possible petriellalean
UmkomasiaU. macleaniiStrobili (seed cones)An umkomasialean (or corystosperm)
XylopterisX. argentinaIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province), Gualo (La Rioja Province), Ischichuca CreekFrond fragmentsAn umkomasialean (or corystosperm)
X. densifoliaIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province)Frond fragmentsAn umkomasialean (or corystosperm)
X. elongataIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province), Gualo (La Rioja Province), Ischichuca CreekFrond fragmentsAn umkomasialean (or corystosperm)
X. rigidaIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province)Frond fragmentsAn umkomasialean (or corystosperm)
ZuberiaZ. browniiIschichuca CreekAn umkomasialean (or corystosperm)
Z. feistmanteliiGualo (La Rioja Province)Frond fragmentsAn umkomasialean (or corystosperm)
Z. sahniiIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province), Ischichuca CreekFrond fragmentsAn umkomasialean (or corystosperm)
Z. zuberiIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province), Ischichuca CreekFrond fragmentsAn umkomasialean (or corystosperm)

Other gymnosperms

Gymnosperm macrofossils of the Los Rastros Formation
GenusSpeciesLocalityMaterialNotesImages
Acevedoa[27] A. rastroensis[28] Ischigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province)Female fructificationsReproductive structures of a gymnosperm of uncertain affinities. Initially described under the (preoccupied) name Andersonia.
BaieraB. africanaIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province) Leaf fragmentsA ginkgoalean.
B. pontifoliaIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province), Gualo (La Rioja Province)Leaf fragmentsA ginkgoalean.
B. schenkiiIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province) Leaf fragmentsA ginkgoalean.
CordaicarpusC. sp.Gualo (La Rioja Province)SeedsCordaitalean conifer seeds.
CycadocarpiumC. andiumAgua de la Peña Creek.
CzekanowskiaC. rigaliAgua de la Peña Creek.A czekanowskialean.
DesmiophyllumD. sp.Agua de la Peña Creek.
DordrectitesD. elongatusIschichuca Creek
HarringtoniaH. argentinicaAgua de la Peña Creek.
HeidiphyllumH. clarifolium
H. elongatumIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province), Gualo (La Rioja Province)Leaf fragmentsA voltzialean conifer.
H. minutifolium
KurtzianaK. cachuetensisIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province) Frond fragmentsPossible cycads.
PelourdeaP. polyphyllaAgua de la Peña Creek.
P. problematicaAgua de la Peña Creek.
PhoenicopsisP. sp.Ischichuca Creek
PterorrachisP. ambiguaAgua de la Peña Creek.
RissikiaR. mediaIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province), Gualo (La Rioja Province)Leaf fragmentsA podocarp conifer.
SamaropsisS. sp.Gualo (La Rioja Province)SeedsCordaitalean conifer seeds.
SphenobaieraS. argentinaeIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province) Leaf fragmentsA ginkgoalean.
S. sp. cf. S. argentinaeGualo (La Rioja Province)Leaf fragmentsA ginkgoalean.
S. insectaIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province) Leaf fragmentsA ginkgoalean.
S. sectinaIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province) Leaf fragmentsA ginkgoalean.
SphenopterisS. sp.Ischichuca Creek
TelemachusT. elongatusIschichuca CreekSeed cones.A voltzialean conifer.
YabeiellaY. brackebuschianaIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province) Leaf fragmentsA gymnosperm of uncertain affinities.
Y. mareyesiacaA gymnosperm of uncertain affinities.
Y. spathulataA gymnosperm of uncertain affinities.

Other plants

Non-gymnosperm plant macrofossils of the Los Rastros Formation
GenusSpeciesLocalityMaterialNotesImages
CladophlebisC. kurtziAgua de la Peña Creek.Osmundacean ferns
C. mendozaensisIschigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province), Agua de la Peña Creek.Frond fragmentsOsmundacean ferns
C. mesozoicaAgua de la Peña Creek.Osmundacean ferns
C. sp. cf. C. mesozoicaGualo (La Rioja Province)Frond fragmentsOsmundacean ferns
EquisetitesE. fertilisAgua de la Peña Creek.Small equisetales (horsetails)
NeocalamitesN. carrereiIschichuca Creek.Large equisetales (horsetails)
N. ischigualastiAgua de la Peña Creek.Large equisetales (horsetails)
N. ramaccioniiAgua de la Peña Creek.Large equisetales (horsetails)
N. sp.Ischigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan Province), Gualo (La Rioja Province), Ischichuca Creek.Stalk impressionsLarge equisetales (horsetails)
NododendronN. sp.Ischichuca Creek.Equisetales (horsetails)
PhyllothecaP. australisAgua de la Peña Creek.Small equisetales (horsetails)
PleuromeiaP. sp.Ischichuca Creek.Small lycopods.

See also

References

Bibliography

Notes and References

  1. Leonardi, 1994, p.20
  2. Mancuso . Adriana C. . Gallego . Oscar F. . Martins-Neto . Rafael G. . 2007 . The Triassic insect fauna from the Los Rastros Formation (Bermejo Basin), La Rioja Province (Argentina): its context, taphonomy and paleobiology . Ameghiniana . 44 . 2 . 337–348.
  3. Mancuso . A. C. . Marsicano . C. A. . 2008-08-01 . Paleoenvironments and taphonomy of a Triassic lacustrine system (Los Rastros Formation, central-western Argentina) . PALAIOS . en . 23 . 8 . 535–547 . 10.2110/palo.2007.p07-064r . 2008Palai..23..535M . 131001860 . 0883-1351.
  4. Aceituno Cieri, 2015, p.60
  5. Kent . Dennis V. . Santi Malnis . Paula . Colombi . Carina E. . Alcober . Oscar A. . Martínez . Ricardo N. . 2014-05-19 . Age constraints on the dispersal of dinosaurs in the Late Triassic from magnetochronology of the Los Colorados Formation (Argentina) . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 111 . 22 . 7958–7963 . 10.1073/pnas.1402369111 . free . 24843149 . 4050597 . 2014PNAS..111.7958K . 0027-8424.
  6. Mancuso . Adriana Cecilia . 2009 . Taphonomic analysis in lacustrine environments: Two different contexts for Triassic lake paleofloras from Western Gondwana (Argentina) . Sedimentary Geology . en . 222 . 1–2 . 149–159 . 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.05.017. 2009SedG..222..149M .
  7. Mancuso . Adriana C. . Irmis . Randall B. . Pedernera . Tomás E. . Gaetano . Leandro C. . Benavente . Cecilia A. . Breeden III . Benjamin T. . 2022-06-13 . Paleoenvironmental and Biotic Changes in the Late Triassic of Argentina: Testing Hypotheses of Abiotic Forcing at the Basin Scale . Frontiers in Earth Science . 10 . 2022FrEaS..10.3788M . 10.3389/feart.2022.883788 . 2296-6463 . free.
  8. Mancuso . Adriana C. . Benavente . Cecilia A. . Irmis . Randall B. . Mundil . Roland . 2020 . Evidence for the Carnian Pluvial Episode in Gondwana: New multiproxy climate records and their bearing on early dinosaur diversification . Gondwana Research . en . 86 . 104–125 . 10.1016/j.gr.2020.05.009. 2020GondR..86..104M . 224907977 .
  9. Mancuso . A.C . 2003 . Continental fish taphonomy: a case study in the Triassic of Argentina . Journal of South American Earth Sciences . en . 16 . 4 . 275–286 . 10.1016/S0895-9811(03)00069-5. 2003JSAES..16..275M .
  10. Marsicano . Claudia Alicia . Mancuso . Adriana Cecilia . Palma . Ricardo Manuel . Krapovickas . Verónica . 2010 . Tetrapod tracks in a marginal lacustrine setting (Middle Triassic, Argentina): Taphonomy and significance . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology . en . 291 . 3–4 . 388–399 . 10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.03.009. 2010PPP...291..388M . 11336/107219 . free .
  11. Marsicano . Claudia A. . Domnanovich . Nadia S. . Mancuso . Adriana C. . 2007 . Dinosaur origins: evidence from the footprint record . Historical Biology . 19 . 1 . 83–91 . 10.1080/08912960600866920 . 2007HBio...19...83M . 11336/92894 . 140718780 . 0891-2963. free .
  12. Weishampel et al., 2004, pp. 528
  13. Melchor . Ricardo N. . De Valais . Silvina . 2006 . A Review of Triassic Tetrapod Track Assemblages from Argentina . Palaeontology . en . 49 . 2 . 355–379 . 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00538.x . 2006Palgy..49..355M . 0031-0239.
  14. López-Arbarello . A. . Rogers . R. . Puerta . P. . 2006-08-01 . Freshwater actinopterygians of the Los Rastros Formation (Triassic), Bermejo Basin, Argentina . Fossil Record . 9 . 2 . 238–258 . 10.5194/fr-9-238-2006 . free . 2193-0074.
  15. Martins-Neto . Rafael Gioia . Mancuso . Adriana . Gallego . Oscar Florencio . 2005 . The Triassic Insect Fauna from Argentina. Blattoptera from the Los Rastros Formation (Bermejo Basin), La Rioja Province . Ameghiniana . 42 . 4 . 705–723.
  16. Martins-Neto . Rafael Gioia . Brauckmann . Carsten . Gallego . Oscar F. . Carmona . Maria J. . 2006 . The Triassic insect fauna from Argentina. – Blattoptera, Glosselytrodea, Miomoptera, Auchenorrhyncha, and Coleoptera from the Los Rastros Formation (Bermejo Basin), Los Chañares locality (La Rioja Province) . Clausthaler Geowissenschaften . 5 . 1–9.
  17. Martins-Neto . Rafael Gioia . Gallego . Oscar F. . Mancuso . Adriana C. . 2006 . The Triassic insect fauna from Argentina. Coleoptera from the Los Rastros Formation (Bermejo Basin), La Rioja Province . Ameghiniana . 43 . 3 . 591–609.
  18. Lara . María B. . Bustos-Escalona . Evelyn L. . Mancuso . Adriana C. . Arcucci . Andrea . 2021 . Upper Triassic hemipterans from the south-western Gondwana: taxonomical, paleobiological, and paleogeographical implications . Journal of South American Earth Sciences . en . 107 . 103119 . 10.1016/j.jsames.2020.103119. 2021JSAES.10703119L . 233072698 .
  19. Martins-Neto . Rafael Gioia . Gallego . Oscar Florencio . Melchor . Ricardo Nestor . 2003 . The Triassic insect fauna from South America (Argentina, Brazil and Chile): a checklist (except Blattoptera and Coleoptera) and descriptions of new taxa . Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia . 46 . 229–256.
  20. Martins-Neto . Rafael Gioia . Gallego . Oscar Florencio . 1999 . The Triassic insect fauna from Argentina. I. Auchenorrhyncha, Miomoptera and Ensifera . Spanish Journal of Palaeontology . 14 . 2 . 191 . 10.7203/sjp.23772 . 2660-9568. free .
  21. Martins-Neto . Rafael Gioia . Gallego . Oscar Florencio . 2001 . The Triassic Insect Fauna from Argentina. IV. Glosselytrodea and complements on Auchenorrhyncha . Acta Geologica Leopoldensia . 24 . 42/53 . 105–114.
  22. Martins-Neto . Rafael Gioia . Gallego . Oscar Florencio . 2006 . Review of Dysmorphoptilidae Handlirsch (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha) from the Argentinean Triassic, with description of a new subfamily, and a new species . Polish Journal of Entomology . 75 . 185–197.
  23. SHCHERBAKOV . DMITRY E. . 2011-04-28 . New and little-known families of Hemiptera Cicadomorpha from the Triassic of Central Asia—early analogs of treehoppers and planthoppers . Zootaxa . 2836 . 1 . 1 . 10.11646/zootaxa.2836.1.1 . 1175-5334.
  24. Lutz . Alicia . Gnaedinger . Silvia . Mancuso . Adriana . Crisafulli . Alexandra . 2011 . Paleoflora de la Formación los Rastros (Triásico Medio), Provincia de San Juan, Argentina. Consideraciones Taxonómicas y Tafonómicas . Ameghiniana . es . 48 . 4 . 568–588 . 10.5710/AMGH.v48i4(348) . 0002-7014 . 129420415.
  25. Pedernera . Tomás E. . Mancuso . Adriana C. . Ottone . Eduardo G. . Benavente . Cecilia A. . 2020 . Paleobotany of the Upper Triassic Los Rastros Formation, Ischigualasto–Villa Unión Basin, La Rioja, Argentina . Journal of South American Earth Sciences . en . 102 . 102660 . 2020JSAES.10202660P . 10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102660 . 219763043.
  26. Cariglino . Bárbara . Moisan . Philippe . Lara . María Belén . 2021 . The fossil record of plant-insect interactions and associated entomofaunas in Permian and Triassic floras from southwestern Gondwana: A review and future prospects . Journal of South American Earth Sciences . en . 111 . 103512 . 2021JSAES.11103512C . 10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103512.
  27. Arce . Federico Exequiel . Lutz . Alicia Isabel . 2014 . Acevedoa nom. nov., a replacement name for Andersonia Arce & Lutz 2010 (Insertae sedis), preoccupied by Andersonia R.Br. 1810 (Plantae, Magnoliophyta, Ericaceae) . Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas . 31 . 1 . 138–139.
  28. Arce . Federico Exequiel . Lutz . Alicia Isabel . 2010 . Fructificaciones de la Formación Los Rastros, Triásico Superior, Provincia de San Juan, Argentina . Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas . 27 . 1 . 32–42.