Broadway (Los Angeles) Explained

Broadway Theater and Commercial District (NRHP) Broadway Theater and Entertainment District (City of Los Angeles)
Nrhp Type:	hd
Location:	300—849 S. Broadway Los Angeles, California
Coordinates:	34.0467°N -118.2511°W
Nocat:	yes
Architect:	Multiple
Architecture:	Early Commercial, Late 19th And 20th Century Revivals, Art Deco
Added:	May 9, 1979
Refnum:	79000484^[1]

Location:	Los Angeles
Broadway
Maint:	Bureau of Street Services, City of L.A. DPW County of L.A. DPW
Length Mi:	17.75
Inauguration Date:	1890
Direction A:	South
Terminus A:	Main Street in Carson
Direction B:	Northeast
Terminus B:	Mission Road in Los Angeles
Junction:	in Carson in South Los Angeles in Downtown in Downtown in Lincoln Heights

Broadway, until 1890 Fort Street, is a major thoroughfare in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The portion of Broadway from 3rd to 9th streets, in the Historic Core of Downtown Los Angeles, was the city's main commercial street from the 1910s until World War II, and is the location of the Broadway Theater and Commercial District, the first and largest historic theater district listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).^[2] With twelve movie palaces located along a six-block stretch, it is the only large concentration of movie palaces left in the United States.

Route

South Broadway's southern terminus is Main Street just north of the San Diego Freeway (I-405) in Carson. From there it runs 10miles north through Athens and South Los Angeles to Downtown Los Angeles – at Olympic Blvd. entering downtown's Historic Core, in which the buildings lining Broadway form the Broadway Theater and Commercial District. Crossing 3rd Street, Broadway passes through the Civic Center including Grand Park. After crossing the US-101 (Santa Ana Freeway), signs read "North Broadway" as it enters Chinatown. It then curves northeast, passing through old railyards, crosses the Golden State Fwy. (I-5) and heads due east to its terminus at Mission Road in Lincoln Heights.

History

Founding and extension

Broadway, one of the oldest streets in the city, was laid out as part of the 1849 plan of Los Angeles made by Lieutenant Edward Ord and named Fort Street. Fort Street began at the south side of Fort Moore Hill (a block north of Temple Street) at Sand Street (later California Street).

In 1890, the name of Fort Street, from 1st Street to 10th Street, was changed to Broadway. The rest of Fort Street, from California Street to 1st Street, was changed to North Broadway.^{[3] [4]}

Proposal for opening Broadway through to Buena Vista Street (now North Broadway), and extending the street south into what was then part of Main Street, below Tenth Street, in order to give a continuous, wide thoroughfare from the southern city limits to the Eastside, was made as early as February 1891.^[5]

The Broadway Tunnel under Fort Moore Hill was opened in 1901, extending North Broadway to Buena Vista Street at Bellevue Avenue (later Sunset Boulevard, now Cesar Chavez Avenue). A section of Broadway in South Los Angeles was originally named Moneta Avenue until 1923.^[6]

In 1909, construction on a bridge across the Los Angeles River was begun to connect Buena Vista Street to Downey Avenue, which ran from the river to Mission Road. The names of Buena Vista and Downey were then changed to North Broadway,^{[7] [8] [9]} but not without significant objections from affected residents and landowners.^{[10] [11] [12] [13]} The bridge, which continued to be referred to as the Buena Vista Street Bridge for a good while, was opened to traffic in late September 1911.^[14]

Commercial and entertainment center

For more than 50 years, Broadway from 1st Street to Olympic Boulevard was the main commercial street of Los Angeles, and one of its premier theater and movie palace districts as well. It contains a vast number of historic buildings and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Prior to the turn of the 20th century, the city's Central Business District was further north, along Spring and Main streets between the Plaza and 2nd Street. In 1895 J.W. Robinson's opened what was then considered a very large and impressive four-story department store at 239 S. Broadway,^{[15] [16]} signaling of the shift over the next decade and a half of the main shopping district to Broadway below 2nd Street.

Retail hub

See also: History of Retail in Southern California.

From around 1905 through the 1950s, Broadway was considered the center of the city, where residents went to ornate movie palaces and live theaters, and shopped at major department stores and shops. See the Table of department stores on Broadway and Seventh streets below.

The square footage of the four largest department stores alone — Bullock's at 806000square feet, The Broadway at 577000square feet,^[17] May Co. at over 1000000square feet^[18] and J. W. Robinson's (7th St. at Hope) at 623700square feet^{[19] [20]} — totaled over three million square feet, the size of American Dream Meadowlands, America's largest mall today.

Among dozens of significant buildings from that era are the Bradbury Building, Ace Hotel Los Angeles, and the Los Angeles Examiner building designed by Julia Morgan.

Some of the movie theaters on the street fell into disuse and disrepair, some were replaced with parking lots, but many have been repurposed and/or restored. The department stores closed in the 1970s and 1980s, but Broadway has been the premier shopping destination for working class Latinos for decades.^[21]

Theater District

The Broadway Theater District is the first and largest historic theater district listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).^[22] The district, which spans from 2nd to 10th street, contains twelve movie palaces.

Department stores

Broadway since 2008

In 2008, the City of Los Angeles launched a $40-million campaign to revitalize the Broadway district, known as the "Bringing Back Broadway" campaign. Some Latino merchants in the district expressed concern that the campaign was an effort to spread the largely Anglo gentrification taking hold in other parts of downtown to an area that has become the city's leading Latino shopping district.^[23] A worker at one of the district's bridal shops noted, "On one side, I like the idea. The only thing is that I don't think they want our types of businesses."^[23]

The Downtown's real estate revitalization, using the City's adaptive reuse ordinance that makes it easier for developers to convert outmoded and/or vacant office and commercial buildings into residential buildings, has reached the Broadway Historic District. It includes the transformation of the United Artists Theater office tower into the Ace Hotel Los Angeles, and restoration of its movie palace.

The Bringing Back Broadway commission is working on further reviving the landmark Los Angeles boulevard in the historic district. Led by City Councilman Jose Huizar, the commission has recommended widening sidewalks, eliminating traffic lanes, constructing new parking structures, and bringing back streetcar service reminiscent of the street's past.^[24] A pedestrian-friendly project finished up in December 2014 that widened the sidewalks and replaced the parking lane with planters, chairs and round cafe tables with bright-red umbrellas. The Great Streets Initiative seeks to bolster the street-level health of the city by making several dozen boulevards more hospitable to pedestrians, cyclists and small businesses. Mayor Eric Garcetti said the effort represents "a shift from the way that our neighborhoods have been planned in Los Angeles," with a new focus on "walkability and transit."^[25]

Broadway retail is transitioning from a broad mix of stores catering to Hispanic immigrants and a burgeoning sneaker and streetwear retail cluster has emerged from 4th to 9th streets: Sneaker Row.^[26]

Retail in and around the Eastern Columbia, located at the intersection of 9th Street & Broadway, has proliferated in recent years with the opening of Acne Studios, Oak NYC, Aesop, Tanner Goods, BNKR, Austere, A.P.C., and Urban Outfitters located in the Rialto Theater (Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument No. 472).^{[27] [28]}

Buildings and sites

North of Hollywood Freeway

• Chinatown East Gate, 943 N. Broadway
• Little Joe's (razed), 904 N. Broadway
• Site of Broadway Tunnel (1901–1941) below Fort Moore Hill (leveled), between today's Temple St. and César Chávez Bl.

Hollywood Freeway to Temple

This area south to Second Street was Los Angeles's Central Business District during the 1880s and 1890s. It is now the Civic Center.

Third to Fourth

West side

• Homer Laughlin Building (1896, John Parkinson), 317 S. Broadway, home to Grand Central Market since 1917. Previously home to Coulter's (1898–1905) and Ville de Paris (1905–1917)
• 327–329 S. Broadway, former J. R. Lane Dry Goods store, then Field's jewelry store and the Broadway food market. Now a food court. Top floors removed; now single story.
• Jacoby Building (John B. Parkinson^[29]), 331–335 S. Broadway, Jacoby Bros. department store 1900-1935,^[30] Boston Store late 1930s.^[31] Two of four floors removed^[32]
• former Haggarty's department store from 1905^[33] to 1917, 337–339 S. Broadway^[34]
• Karl's Building (1903, Abram M. Edelman) 341–345 S. Broadway^[1] former J. M. Hale department store from 1909^[35] through the 1920s.
• Zobel Building,^[1] 351-353 S. Broadway, former site of The Wonder, opened 1921, largest retail silk store in the United States^[36]
• Grant Building (1898, Frank Van Trees), 355–363 S. Broadway, originally Grant Block, three stories,^[37] enlarged to 7 stores 1901–2 by John Parkinson,^[38] now two stories.^[39] Home to W. E. Cummings shoe store, then Montgomery Bros jewelry store,^[40] then Weatherby-Kayser^[41]

East side

• Blackstone Building (1907), 318–322 S. Broadway, housed Blackstone's Department Store 1907-1917, as well as a Los Angeles County Library and the Cozy Theater. Originally five stories, now three^[42]
• Trustee Building (1905, Parkinson and Bergstrom),^[43] 340 S. Broadway, home to various retail stores including Columbia Outfitting in the 1920s.
• O. T. Johnson Block (1895, Robert Brown Young), 350 S. Broadway, originally three stories,^[44] now one
• O. T. Johnson Building (1902, John Parkinson),^[44] 356–364 S. Broadway, NE corner of 4th and Broadway, originally seven stories,^{[45] [46]} now two

Fourth to Fifth

West side

• Junípero Serra State Office Building, (1915, Parkinson and Bergstrom), SW corner of 4th and Broadway, former home to The Broadway
  • Wilson Building (1909), 431 S. Broadway, former home to Woolworth's Metropolitan Building, (1913, Parkinson and Bergstrom), NW corner of 5th and Broadway, former home of Owl Drug Co., (1914–1934), L.A. Public Library (1913–1926), J. J. Newberry (1939-1990)

East side

• Perla on Broadway (2022), 400 S. Broadway, 35-story condominium tower
• Site of first Thrifty Drug Store (razed), 412 S. Broadway
• Judson-Rives Building (1906, Charles Ronald Aldrich), 424 S. Broadway, ten stories, currently The Judson
• Bumiller Building (1906, Morgan & Walls), 430 S. Broadway, six stories, currently the Broadway Lofts
• Broadway Mall (1980s), 440 S. Broadway, former site of the Parmalee-Dohrmann building^[47]
• Chester Williams Building (1926, Curlett & Beelman), NE corner of 5th and Broadway, twelve stories

Fifth to Sixth

West side

• Fifth Street Store Building (1927, Alexander Curlett), 501 S. Broadway, former home to Steele, Faris, & Walker Co. (1905–1909), Fifth Street Store (1909–1925),^{[48] [49]} Walker's (1926–1946),^[50] Milliron's (1946–1953),^[50] Ohrbach's-Downtown (1953–1959)^[51]
• Remick Building (1902, Abram M. Edelman), 517-19 S. Broadway
• Reeves Building (1903, John Parkinson), 525 S. Broadway
• Schulte United Building (1928), 529 S. Broadway
• Lerners Building (1931, Philip Barker), 533 S. Broadway
• F. and W. Grand Silver Store Building (1931, Walker & Eisen, 537-541 S. Broadway. Home to F. & W. Grand Silver (1931–1934), National Dollar (1934), Richman Brothers (1950s), and Hartfield-Zodys (1960s)^[52]
• Swelldom Building (1920, Davis & Davis and Henry F. Withey),^[53] 555–561 S. Broadway, Swelldom opened in the building 1920.^{[54] [55]}

East side

• Jewelry Trades Building (1913, Morgan, Walls and Morgan), 500 S. Broadway
• Pettebone Building (1905, Robert Brown Young), 510-512 S. Broadway
• Roxie Theatre (1931, John M. Cooper), 518 S. Broadway, 1600 seat movie palace^[2]
• Cameo Theater – (1910, Alfred Rosenheim), 528 S. Broadway, originally 900-seat Nickelodeon,^[2] converted to retail^[56]
• Arcade Theater (1910, Morgan and Walls), 534 S. Broadway, 1450-seat English-music-hall theater^[2] Converted to retail
• Broadway-Spring Arcade (1924, MacDonald and Couchot), 540 S. Broadway
• Hubert-Thom McAn Building, (1900, John B. Parkinson) 546 S. Broadway
• Silverwood's Building (1920, Walker and Eisen), 556-8 S. Broadway, former home to Silverwoods, five stories^[43]

Sixth to Seventh

West side

• H. Jevne Company Building (1906-7, Parkinson & Bergstrom), 603 S. Broadway, site of Norton Block prior to 1906^[57]
• Hotel Palms, repurposed for retail in 1906-7^[58]
• Central Department Store (Samuel Tilden Norton), three stories^[59]
• Los Angeles Theatre (1931, S. Charles Lee and S. Tilden Norton), 615 S. Broadway, 2000-seat movie palace^[2]
• Mailing's (1930, S. Charles Lee), 617-619 S. Broadway, Myer Siegel previously located here (1921 or 1922-1927)^[60]
• former S. H. Kress, 621-625 S. Broadway
• Hoffman (1906), 635-637 S. Broadway, former home to Yamato Inc.
• St. Vincent's Jewelry Mart, NW corner of 7th and Broadway, formerly Bullock's dept. store

East side

• • Walter P. Story Building (1909, Morgan & Walls) 600-610 S. Broadway, SE corner of 6th and Broadway, former hom to Mullen & Bluett Desmond's Building (1924, Albert C. Martin, Sr.), 616 S. Broadway. Housed Desmond's flagship store 1924-1981, six stories^[61]
• Schaber's Cafeteria Building (1928, Charles F. Plummer), 620 S. Broadway
• Palace Theatre (1911, G. Albert Lansburgh), 630 S. Broadway, 2200-seat originally 1068-seat today vaudeville theater and movie palace^[2]
• Forrester Building (1907, Charles Frederick Whittlesey), 638 S. Broadway
• J. E. Carr Building (1908-9, Robert Brown Young),^[62] 644–646 S. Broadway, home to Harris & Frank 1947–1980.^[63]
• Clifton's Cafeteria, 648 S. Broadway, formerly Boos Bros. Cafeteria

Seventh to Eighth

West side

• State Theatre (1921, Weeks & Day), 703 S. Broadway, 2,450-seat vaudeville theater and movie palace^[64]
• F.W. Woolworth Building (1920, Weeks & Day), 719 S. Broadway, currently a Ross Dress for Less
• Cheney Block (1913), 731-733 S. Broadway
• Rowley Building (1908), 735 S. Broadway
• Issacs Building (1913), home of Reich and Lièvre, 1917-ca. 1927, 739-745 S. Broadway
• Merritt Building (1915, Reid & Reid), 761 S. Broadway

East side

• Site of Hotel Lankershim (1905, Robert Brown Young), 700 S. Broadway, demolished 1980s
• Yorkshire Hotel (1909, Parkinson and Bergstrom), 710-714 S. Broadway
• Parmelee Building (1907, Parkinson and Bergstrom), 716 S. Broadway
• Barker Brothers Building (1909, Robert Brown Young), 722 S. Broadway
• Globe Theatre in the Garland Building (1913, Morgan, Walls & Morgan) 744 S. Broadway, 2000-seat movie palace
• Chapman Building (1912-3, Ernest McConnell), 756 S. Broadway, northeast corner of 8th Street, thirteen stories^{[65] [66] [67]}

Eighth to Ninth

West side

• May Company Building (1906, Alfred F. Rosenheim), 829 S. Broadway
• Eastern Columbia Building (1930, Claud Beelman), 849 S. Broadway, considered "the jewel of downtown"

East side

• Tower Theatre (1927, S. Charles Lee), 802 S. Broadway, originally a 1000-seat theater,^[68] now an Apple Store
• Singer Building (1922, Meyer & Holler), 808 S. Broadway, bought by Singer Sewing Machine Company in 1939
• Rialto Theatre (1917, Oliver Perry Dennis, 1923-remodel William Lee Woollett), 812 S. Broadway, former nickelodeon, now retail^{[69] [70] [71]}
• Wurlitzer Building (1923, Walker and Eisen), 818 S. Broadway
• Braun Building (1913, Walter Jesse Saunders), 820-822 S. Broadway
• Platt Building (1927, Walker and Eisen), 830 S. Broadway^[72]
• Orpheum Theatre (1926, G. Albert Lansburgh), 842 S. Broadway, 1976-seat theater^[2]
• Ninth and Broadway Building (1930, Claud Beelman), 850 S. Broadway^[73]

Ninth to Olympic

West side

• Blackstone's Department Store Building (1916, John and Donald Parkinson, first floor facade remodel by Morgan, Walls & Clements in 1939), 901 S. Broadway
• Ace Hotel Los Angeles (1927, Walker & Eisen), 921-933 S. Broadway, houses United Artists Theater (1927, Charles Howard Crane), a 2214-seat movie palace^[2]
• Western Costume Building (1925, Kenneth A. MacDonald Jr.), 939 S. Broadway

East side

• Broadway Leasehold Building (1914, Meyer & Holler), 908 S. Broadway^[74]

South of Olympic

West side

• Los Angeles Herald-Examiner Building (1914, Julia Morgan), SW corner 11th and Broadway^[75]
• Athens Park, 124th to El Segundo Blvd on Broadway
• Globe Department Store, 51st and Broadway^[76]

East side

• Los Angeles Railway Building (1925, Noerenberg & Johnson), 1060 S. Broadway, home to The Hoxton^[77]
• Proper Hotel (1926, Curlett & Beelman), 1100 S. Broadway^[78]

Public transportation

The Los Angeles Metro Rail's Historic Broadway station is an underground light rail station near the intersection of 2nd and Broadway,^{[79] [80]} which is served by the E Line east to East Los Angeles and west to Santa Monica, and on the A Line northeast to Union Station, Pasadena, and Azusa and south to Long Beach.^[81]

Metro J Line bus rapid transit (BRT) has 5 stations adjacent to Broadway in South Los Angeles: 37th Street/USC, Slauson, Manchester/I-110, Harbor Freeway, and Rosecrans. These stations are along the Harbor Transitway, a dedicated busway between Downtown L.A. (Adams Blvd.) and the Harbor Gateway, near Carson, in the median of the Harbor Freeway (I-110), just west of Broadway. J Line BRT runs as far south as San Pedro and as far northeast as El Monte.

Metro Local bus line 45 serves most of the length of Broadway, between Lincoln Heights through Downtown to the Harbor Freeway Station. Local routes 4, 30, and 40 serve portions of Broadway downtown.

See also

• Broadway Theater District (Los Angeles)
• List of contributing properties in the Broadway Theater and Commercial District

External links

• The Broadway Theater Tour
• Bringing Back Broadway Plan
• Cinema Treasures
• USC Geography Department Old Broadway page
• You-are-here Broadway Photo Gallery
• The Broadway Initiative of the Los Angeles Conservancy

Notes and References

1. Web site: National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form - California SP Broadway Theater and Commercial District. United States Department of the Interior - National Park Service. May 9, 1979.
2. Web site: Sandra A.B. Levis. Broadway Historic Theater District: A walking tour sponsored by the Los Angeles Conservancy. Los Angeles Conservancy.
3. News: City In Brief. . . September 6, 1889 . 8 . . subscription . .
4. News: Other 3 -- No Title . . February 18, 1890 . 4 . . subscription . .
5. News: Sou', Sou'west. . . February 26, 1891 . 4 . . subscription . .
6. News: Realtors Want New Boulevard: Ask Supervisors for Route Connecting Moneta Avenue With Harbor . . December 10, 1922 . V9 . . subscription . .
7. News: A Literary Fog. . . November 30, 1909 . II4 . . subscription . .
8. News: The Lancer . . January 22, 1911 . II5 . . subscription . .
9. News: Downey And Buena Vista Will Be North Broadway . . September 19, 1908 . 35 . 353 . . California Digital Newspaper Collection.
10. News: Object to Changing Name . . January 14, 1905 . 32 . 105 . . California Digital Newspaper Collection.
11. News: Buena Vista Street Will Continue Name: Will Not Be Changed to North Broadway . . May 27, 1905 . 32 . 238 . . California Digital Newspaper Collection.
12. News: Object to Merger Of Downey Avenue . . October 25, 1908 . 36 . 24 . . California Digital Newspaper Collection.
13. News: East Side Residents, Prefer Downey Avenue . . April 19, 1910 . 37 . 200 . . California Digital Newspaper Collection.
14. News: Majestic; Great Viaduct About Ready; Cars Run Over the Buena Vista Structure; Concrete Bridge Across Los Angeles River Weighs Nearly Forty Thousand Tons, Cost Two Hundred and Seventy-five Thousand Dollars - Without a Peer in West. . . September 24, 1911 . II1 . . subscription . .
15. News: The Boston Dry Goods Store . 3 May 2019 . Los Angeles Times . 1 January 1895 . 29.
16. News: The New Boston Store:Los Angeles' Finest Commercial Structure Is Complete . Los Angeles Herald . 4 October 1895 . 5.
17. News: Framework is now finished: Construction Started Late Last Fall: Additional Will Be Completed During July: Department Store Growth Is Consistent . May 26, 2020 . Los Angeles Times . March 23, 1924 . 91.
18. News: Clipped From Los Angeles Herald. Los Angeles Herald. April 15, 1906. 20. newspapers.com.
19. Web site: 11 Jan 1923, 27 - The Los Angeles Times at Newspapers.com. Newspapers.com.
20. pcad.lib.washington.edu/building/9453/
21. News: DiMassa . Cara . Bloomekatz . Ari B. . amp . L.A. plans Broadway face-lift . . B1, B8 . January 28, 2008 .
22. Web site: Sandra A.B. Levis. Broadway Historic Theater District: A walking tour sponsored by the Los Angeles Conservancy. Los Angeles Conservancy.
23. News: Cara . DiMassa . L.A. plans Broadway face-lift . Los Angeles Times. January 28, 2008 .
24. Web site: Bringing Back Broadway . City of Los Angeles . . .
25. News: Hawthorne . Christopher . December 6, 2014 . 'Latino Urbanism' influences a Los Angeles in flux . Los Angeles Times.
26. Web site: Must Reads: Downtown L.A.'s latest retail renaissance? Broadway's burgeoning 'Sneaker Row' . December 8, 2018 . Los Angeles Times . Ronald D. . White.
27. Web site: Jose Huizar - Councilmember District 14, City of Los Angeles . Councilmember Huizar's Bringing Back Broadway Initiative Welcomes Acne Retail . May 18, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150923194556/http://www.bringingbackbroadway.com/stellent/groups/electedofficials/@bbb_contributor/documents/contributor_web_content/lacityp_026602.pdf . September 23, 2015 . dead .
28. Web site: . Inside Downtown Los Angeles's Retail Boom . Lauren . Sherman . December 2, 2014.
29. News: Will Go Up Rapidly: Work on the Jacoby Building Was Begun Today: Most of the Material for the Big Business Structure Is Already on the Ground . Los Angeles Evening Post-Record . September 1, 1899 . 1 . Architect John Parkinson.
30. News: Jacoby Bros. ad . 22 May 2019 . Los Angeles Times . November 28, 1899.
31. News: Boston Store Los Angeles 1939 - 331 S. Broadway (old Jacoby Bros.) and 4755 Whittier Blvd.. The Los Angeles Times. November 6, 1939. 10. newspapers.com.
32. Web site: Water and Power Associates.
33. News: New Cloak and Suit House . Los Angeles Times . January 22, 1905.
34. News: New York Store's Life Dream Comes True: J. J. Haggarty Ready to Open New Emporium at Seventh and Grand Tomorrow . Los Angeles Evening Express. September 19, 1917.
35. News: Moving to Broadway: J. M. Hale Co. Go to Petticoat Lane . Los Angeles Evening Express . January 23, 1909 . 4.
36. News: The Wonder advertisement. . March 7, 1921 . XLVI #108 . California Digital Newspaper Collection . B7 . Lewis H. . Lasley.
37. News: The Grant Block . Los Angeles Times . February 13, 1898.
38. News: To be enlarged . Los Angeles Times . May 4, 1902.
39. Web site: PCAD - Grant Building, Downtown, Los Angeles, CA. pcad.lib.washington.edu.
40. Web site: Los Angeles Herald 1 September 1908 — California Digital Newspaper Collection. cdnc.ucr.edu.
41. News: Wetherby(sic)-Kayser Co. Leases $500,000 Broadway Building . 22 April 2024 . Los Angeles Evening Express . 16 June 1924 . 23.
42. Web site: 318-320 S Broadway, Los Angeles, CA 90013 – Retail for Sale | LoopNet.com. LoopNet.
43. Web site: Application form for Broadway Theater and Commercial District, National Register of Historic Places.
44. Web site: National Register of Historic Places Inventory -- Nomination Form. live. May 22, 2021. npgallery.nps.gov. https://web.archive.org/web/20190902005226/https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/d41bca98-3f44-45c2-b049-ad3bce5f4c01 . September 2, 2019 .
45. News: Mistitled: 356 S. Broadway . USC Library.
46. Web site: PCAD - Johnson, O.T., Commercial Building #2, Downtown, Los Angeles, CA. pcad.lib.washington.edu.
47. News: New Building on Broadway . Los Angeles Evening Express . March 18, 1905.
48. "Muse President Fifth Street Store", Los Angeles 'Herald', 1909-02-07
49. "Big Department Store To Open", Los Angeles 'Herald', 1905-09-17
50. News: Store's Name Now Milliron's . Los Angeles Times . May 2, 1946.
51. News: Thousands at opening of new Ohrbach store . Los Angeles Times . December 1, 1953 . 18.
52. Book: Historic-Cultural Monument Application for the F. and W. Grand Silver Store Building . October 2017 . Los Angeles Department of City Planning .
53. Web site: GC 1323 - Historic Sites Surveys . Tom. Sitton. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 2008.
54. News: Ad for Swelldom . Los Angeles Times . November 21, 1920 . 45.
55. News: Ad for Swelldom . Los Angeles Times . November 28, 1920 . 47.
56. News: Kathleen . Craughwell. Movies: Broadway West; Bringing the Classics Back Home. Los Angeles Times. May 26, 1996 . .
57. News: New Home for Jevne Company . Los Angeles Evening Express . January 25, 1906 . 15.
58. News: Work is Rapid on Hotel Palms . Los Angeles Herald . October 14, 1906.
59. News: New Department Store Opens Doors to Public . Los Angeles Herald . March 26, 1907 . 4.
60. News: Meer Siegel Takes Lease . 1 May 2019 . Los Angeles Times . 24 June 1934.
61. News: Broadway Building Set for Creative Office Revamp . . December 14, 2018.
62. Web site: Los Angeles Union Station Run-through Tracks Project: Environmental Impact Statement. May 18, 2004. Google Books.
63. News: Harris & Frank advertisement . 7 May 2019 . Los Angeles Times . January 17, 1980.
64. Web site: State Theatre and Building Los Angeles Conservancy. www.laconservancy.org. en. 2017-07-26.
65. Web site: Los Angeles Investment Co. Building, Los Angeles, Cal. . Loyola Marymount University Digital Collections . 19 October 2024.
66. Web site: Charles C. Chapman Building – Charles J. Fisher . Historian for Hire.
67. Web site: Chapman Building Historical Marker . Historical Marker Database . 19 October 2024 . en.
68. Book: Lord, Rosemary . Los Angeles: Then and Now . 2002 . Thunder Bay Press . San Diego, CA . 1-57145-794-1 . 32–33 .
69. Web site: National Retailers Opening in Once-Dead Downtown LA, Urban Outfitters Coming to 8th and Broadway – Brigham Yen Real Estate. https://web.archive.org/web/20130806180415/http://brighamyen.com/2013/05/02/urban-outfitters-coming-to-broadway-taking-over-rialto-theatre-in-downtown-la/. usurped. August 6, 2013. May 3, 2013.
70. Web site: Photos! Inside Urban Outfitters' Rialto Theater Treasure Trove. Natalie. Alcala. December 19, 2013. Racked LA.
71. News: Historic theaters gain new life as retail stores . Amy . Edelen . . June 30, 2016 . 2 July 2016.
72. Web site: The Platt Building (Anjac Fashion) | Downtown LA. downtownla.com.
73. Web site: Ninth and Broadway Building | Los Angeles Conservancy. www.laconservancy.org.
74. News: Iconic DTLA landmark with Banksy artwork to be sold at auction . Luke. Netzley. Los Angeles Downtown News. June 21, 2024.
75. http://dornsife.usc.edu/la-walking-tour/los-angeles-hearld-examiner-building/ USC Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences: Los Angeles Hearld-Examiner Building
76. News: Store's Architectural Design Modern . 22 May 2019 . Los Angeles Times . July 26, 1936.
77. Web site: Hoxton Hotel Debuts in Historic Los Angeles Railway Building. October 16, 2019. Urbanize LA.
78. Web site: Exclusive new details on Downtown LA's trendy Proper Hotel. Bianca. Barragan. November 2, 2016. Curbed LA.
79. Web site: 2nd St/Broadway Station. www.metro.net. October 26, 2018. October 26, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181026222620/https://www.metro.net/projects/connector/2nd-stbroadway-station/. dead.
80. Web site: Actions taken today by the Metro Board of Directors. Steve. Hymon. February 23, 2017.
81. Web site: Regional Connector Transit Project. www.metro.net.