| Unit Name: | London Regiment |
| Dates: | 1908–1938 |
| Allegiance: |  United Kingdom |
| Type: | Infantry |
| Role: | Territorial Force / Territorial Army |
The London Regiment was an infantry regiment in the British Army, part of the Territorial Force (renamed the Territorial Army in 1921). The regiment saw service in the First World War and was disbanded in 1938, shortly before the Second World War, when most of its battalions were converted to other roles or transferred elsewhere, and reformed in 1993. The London Guards date their formation to that of this regiment in 1908.[1]
The regiment was first formed in 1908 to regiment the 26 Volunteer Force battalions in the newly formed County of London, each battalion having a distinctive uniform.[2] The London battalions formed the London District, which consisted principally of the 1st and 2nd London Divisions.
Now part of the Territorial Force, the London Regiment expanded to 88 battalions in the First World War. Of these, 49 battalions saw action in the trenches of the Western Front in France and Flanders, six saw action in the Gallipoli campaign, 12 saw action at Salonika, 14 saw action against the Turks in Palestine, and one saw action in Waziristan and Afghanistan.[3]
Shortly after the outbreak of the First World War, the formation of Reserve or 2nd-Line units for each existing Territorial Force unit was authorised. They were distinguished by a '2/' prefix from their parent unit (prefixed '1/'). Initially these were formed from men who had not volunteered for overseas service, and the recruits who were flooding in. Later they were mobilised for overseas service in their own right and new 3rd Line units were created to supply drafts to the two service battalions. Unusually, the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th London Battalions each sent three battalions overseas and formed 4th Line reserve units. Thus the 26 pre-war battalions of the London regiment became 82 battalions.[4] [5]
In June 1915, men of Territorial Force units who had only volunteered for Home service were formed into composite Provisional Battalions for coast defence. In 1916 the Military Service Act swept away the Home/Overseas service distinction and the provisional battalions took on the dual role of home defence and physical conditioning to render men fit for drafting overseas. For example, the 100th Provisional Battalion was formed from Home Service men of 173rd (3/1st London) Brigade (3/1st, 3/2nd, 3/3rd and 3/4th Bns London Regiment). 104th and 105th Provisional Battalions were assigned to the Honourable Artillery Company (which was nominally a battalion of the London Regiment but never accepted that identity), whilst 100th–103rd and 106th–108th Provisional Battalions were assigned to the London Regiment in general.[6] [7] [8]
The London Regiment was reformed in the Territorial Army in the 1920s and its individual battalions were granted battle honours in 1924.[9] However, the regiment ceased to exist in 1938 and the battalions were all transferred to regular infantry regiments, the Royal Artillery or the Royal Engineers.[3] For example, 5th Battalion became 1st Battalion, London Rifle Brigade, The Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own).[10]
The London Regiment was reformed in 1993 through the re-regimentation of some of the remaining successors of the original regiment (not including, for example, the Artists Rifles or Kensington Regiment (Princess Louise's)), which were part of a number of different TA infantry units:[11] In 2021, under the Future Soldier it was announced that the London Regiment would be re-designated as 1st Battalion London Guards by February 2024.[12]
| Unit | RVC identity | Volunteer Battalion identity | Headquarters | 1938 identity | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st London Division | |||||
| 1st London Brigade | |||||
| 1st (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Royal Fusiliers) | 10th Middlesex RVC | 1st Volunteer Battalion, Royal Fusiliers | Bloomsbury (Handel Street) | 8th (1st City of London) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers | |
| 2nd (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Royal Fusiliers) | 23rd Middlesex RVC | 2nd Volunteer Battalion, Royal Fusiliers | Westminster (Tufton Street) | 9th (2nd City of London) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers | |
| 3rd (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Royal Fusiliers) | 11th Middlesex RVC | 3rd Volunteer Battalion, Royal Fusiliers | St Pancras (Edward Street) | 10th (3rd City of London) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers | |
| 4th (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Royal Fusiliers) | 1st Tower Hamlets RVC | 4th Volunteer Battalion, Royal Fusiliers | Shoreditch (Shaftesbury Street) | 60th (City of London) Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery | |
| 2nd London Brigade | |||||
| 5th (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment (London Rifle Brigade) | 1st London VRC (City of London Volunteer Rifle Brigade) | 9th Volunteer Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps | Finsbury (Bunhill Row) | 1st Battalion, London Rifle Brigade, The Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own) | |
| 6th (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment (City of London Rifles) | 10th Volunteer Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps | Finsbury (Farringdon Road) | 31st (City of London Rifles) Anti-Aircraft Battalion, Royal Engineers [later 31st (City of London Rifles) Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery] | ||
| 7th (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment | 11th Volunteer Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps | Finsbury (Sun Street) | 32nd (7th City of London) Anti-Aircraft Battalion, Royal Engineers [later 32nd (7th City of London) Searchlight Regiment Royal Artillery] | ||
| 8th (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Post Office Rifles) | 7th Volunteer Battalion, Rifle Brigade | Finsbury (Bunhill Row) | n/a | ||
| 3rd London Brigade | |||||
| 9th (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Queen Victoria's), Berkeley Square | 1st Middlesex (Victoria and St. George's) VRC | 4th Volunteer Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps | Westminster (Davies Street) | Queen Victoria's Rifles, King's Royal Rifle Corps | |
| 19th Middlesex (St. Giles's and St. George's, Bloomsbury) VRC | 6th Volunteer Battalion, Rifle Brigade | ||||
| 10th (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Paddington Rifles); disbanded 1912 | 4th Volunteer Battalion, Rifle Brigade | Paddington (Harrow Road) | n/a | ||
| 10th (County of London) Battalion (Hackney), London Regiment | n/a | formed in 1912 to replace the Paddington Rifles | Hackney (The Grove) | 5th (Hackney) Battalion, Royal Berkshire Regiment | |
| 11th (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Finsbury Rifles) | 7th Volunteer Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps | Pentonville (Penton Street) | 61st (Middlesex) Anti-Aircraft Brigade, Royal Artillery | ||
| 12th (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment (The Rangers) | 22nd Middlesex VRC (Central London Rangers) | 8th Volunteer Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps | Holborn (Chenies Street) | The Rangers, King's Royal Rifle Corps | |
| 2nd London Division | |||||
| 4th London Brigade | |||||
| 13th (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Kensington) | 4th (Kensington) Middlesex VRC | 3rd Volunteer Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps | Kensington (Iverna Gardens) | Princess Louise's Kensington Regiment, Middlesex Regiment (Duke of Cambridge's Own) | |
| 14th (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment (London Scottish) | 7th (London Scottish) Middlesex VRC | 1st Volunteer Battalion, Rifle Brigade | Westminster (Buckingham Gate) | London Scottish, Gordon Highlanders | |
| 15th (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Prince of Wales' Own Civil Service Rifles) | The Prince of Wales's Own 12th Middlesex (Civil Service) VRC | 5th Volunteer Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps | Westminster (Somerset House) | n/a | |
| 16th (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Queen's Westminster Rifles) | 13th Middlesex (Queen's Westminster) VRC | 6th Volunteer Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps | Kensington (Buckingham Gate) | Queen's Westminsters, The King's Royal Rifle Corps [Later 11th & 12th (Queen's Westminsters) Battalions, King's Royal Rifle Corps] | |
| 5th London Brigade | |||||
| 17th (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Poplar and Stepney Rifles) | 2nd Tower Hamlets VRC | 9th Volunteer Battalion, Rifle Brigade | Bow (Tredegar Road) | Tower Hamlets Rifles, Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own) [later 9th Battalion, The Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own) (Tower Hamlets Rifles); 656th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment Royal Artillery (Rifle Brigade)] | |
| 18th (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment (London Irish Rifles) | 16th Middlesex (London Irish) VRC | 3rd Volunteer Battalion, Rifle Brigade | Chelsea (Duke of York's Headquarters) | London Irish Rifles, Royal Ulster Rifles | |
| 19th (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment (St. Pancras) | 17th Middlesex (North Middlesex) VRC | 3rd Volunteer Battalion, Middlesex Regiment | Camden Town (High Street) | 33rd (St. Pancras) Anti-Aircraft Battalion, Royal Engineers [later 33rd (St. Pancras) Anti-Aircraft Battalion, Royal Artillery] | |
| 20th (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Blackheath and Woolwich) | 3rd Kent VRC | 2nd Volunteer Battalion, Queen's Own (Royal West Kent Regiment) | Blackheath (Holly Hedge House) | 34th (The Queen's Own Royal West Kent) Anti-Aircraft Battalion, Royal Engineers [later 34th Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery (Queen's Own Royal West Kent)] | |
| 6th London Brigade | |||||
| 21st (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment (First Surrey Rifles) | 1st Surrey (South London) VRC | 1st Volunteer Battalion, East Surrey Regiment | Camberwell (Flodden Road) | 35th (First Surrey Rifles) Anti-Aircraft Battalion, Royal Engineers [later 35th Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery (First Surrey Rifles)] | |
| 22nd (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Queen's) | 6th Surrey RVC | 3rd Volunteer Battalion, Queen's (Royal West Surrey Regiment) | Bermondsey (Jamaica Road) | 6th (Bermondsey) Battalion, The Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey) | |
| 23rd (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment | 7th Surrey RVC | 4th Volunteer Battalion, East Surrey Regiment | Battersea (St John's Hill) | 42nd (7th (23rd London) Bn, The East Surrey Regiment) Battalion, Royal Tank Regiment | |
| 24th (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Queen's) | 8th Surrey RVC | 4th Volunteer Battalion, Queen's (Royal West Surrey Regiment) | Southwark (New Street) | 7th (Southwark) Battalion, The Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey) | |
| Others | |||||
| 25th (County of London) Cyclist Battalion, London Regiment. | 26th (Cyclist) Middlesex VRC | Rifle Brigade | Fulham (Fulham House) | n/a | |
| 26th (County of London) Battalion | Title allotted to Infantry Battalion, Honourable Artillery Company but never used | ||||
| 27th (County of London) Battalion | Title allotted to the Inns of Court Regiment but never used | ||||
| 28th (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Artists Rifles) | 20th Middlesex (Artists) VRC | 6th Volunteer Battalion, Rifle Brigade | St Pancras (Dukes Road) | Artists Rifles, Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own) [later 163 Officer Cadet Training Unit] | |
| 29th (City of London) Battalion | |||||
| 30th (City of London) Battalion | |||||
| 31st (County of London) Battalion | |||||
| 32nd (County of London) Battalion | |||||
| 33rd (City of London) Battalion London Regiment (Rifle Brigade) | |||||
| 34th (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment (King's Royal Rifle Corps) | |||||