Lomonosov Gold Medal Explained

Lomonosov Gold Medal
Reward:	A gold medal, a diploma,
Holder Label:	Number of laureates
Holder:	106 prizes to 54 laureates

The Lomonosov Gold Medal (Russian: Большая золотая медаль имени М. В. Ломоносова Bol'shaya zolotaya medal' imeni M. V. Lomonosova), named after Russian scientist and polymath Mikhail Lomonosov, is awarded each year since 1959 for outstanding achievements in the natural sciences and the humanities by the USSR Academy of Sciences and later the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). Since 1967, two medals have been awarded annually: one to a Russian and one to a foreign scientist. It is the academy's highest accolade.

Recipients of Lomonosov Gold Medal

1959

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa: cumulatively, for works in physics of low temperatures.

1961

Aleksandr Nikolaevich Nesmeyanov: accumulatively for works in chemistry.

1963

Sin-Itiro Tomonaga (member of the Japanese academy of Sciences, president of the Scientific Council of Japan): for substantial scientific contributions to the development of physics.
Hideki Yukawa (member of the Japanese academy of Sciences, director of the Institute of Basic Research at the University of Kyoto): for outstanding merits in the development of theoretical physics.

1964

Sir Howard Walter Florey (professor, president of the Royal Society of Great Britain): for an outstanding contribution in the development of medicine.

1965

Nikolai Vasilevich Belov: accumulatively for works in crystallography.

1967

Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm: for outstanding achievements in the theory of elementary particles and other domain of theoretical physics
Cecil Frank Powell (professor, member of the Royal Society of Great Britain): for outstanding achievements in the physics of elementary particles.

1968

Vladimir Aleksandrovich Engelgardt: for outstanding achievements in biochemistry and molecular biology.
István Rusznyák (president of the Academy of Sciences of the Hungarian People's Republics): for outstanding achievements in medicine.

1969

Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov: for outstanding achievements in chemical physics.
Giulio Natta (professor, Italy): for outstanding achievements in the chemistry of polymers

1970

Ivan Matveevich Vinogradov: for outstanding studies in mathematics.
Arnaud Denjoy (member of the Académie française): for outstanding achievements in mathematics.

1971

Viktor Amazaspovich Ambartsumian: for outstanding achievements in astronomy and astrophysics.
Hannes Alfvén (professor, member of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, Sweden): for outstanding achievements in physics of plasma and astrophysics.

1972

Nikoloz Muskhelishvili: for outstanding achievements in mathematics and mechanics.
Max Steenbeck (full member of the Academy of Sciences of the German Democratic Republic): for outstanding achievements in the physics of plasma and applied physics.

1973

Aleksandr Pavlovich Vinogradov: for outstanding achievements in geochemistry.
Vladimír Zoubek (full member of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences): for outstanding achievements in geology.

1974

Aleksandr Ivanovich Tselikov: for outstanding achievements in metallurgy and metal technology.
Angel Balevski (full member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences): for outstanding achievements in metallurgy and metal technology.

1975

Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh: for outstanding achievements in mathematics, mechanics and space research.
(full member of the Académie française): for outstanding achievements in mechanics and its applications.

1976

Semyon Isaakovich Volfkovich: for outstanding achievements in chemistry and the technology of phosphorus and the development of scientific foundations of chemicalization of agriculture in the USSR.
Herman Klare (full member of the Academy of Sciences of the German Democratic Republic): for outstanding achievements in the chemistry and technology of man-made fibers.

1977

Mikhail Alekseevich Lavrentiev: for outstanding achievements in mathematics and mechanics.
Linus Carl Pauling (member of the US National Academy of Sciences): for outstanding achievements in chemistry and biochemistry.

1978

Anatolii Petrovich Aleksandrov: for outstanding achievements in nuclear science and technology.
Alexander Robertus Todd (professor, president of the Royal Society of Great Britain): for outstanding achievements in organic chemistry.

1979

Aleksandr Ivanovich Oparin: for outstanding achievements in biochemistry.
Béla Szőkefalvi-Nagy (full member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences): for outstanding achievements in mathematics.

1980

Boris Yevgenevich Paton: for outstanding achievements in metallurgy and metal technology.
Jaroslav Kožešník (full member of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences): for outstanding achievements in applied mathematics and mechanics.

1981

Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kotelnikov: for outstanding achievements in radiophysics, radio engineering and electronics.
Pavle Savić (full member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia): for outstanding achievements in chemistry and physics.

1982

Julii Borisovich Khariton: for outstanding achievements in physics.
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (professor, member of the London Royal Society): for outstanding achievements in biochemistry and crystal chemistry.

1983

Andrei Lvovich Kursanov: for outstanding achievements in physiology and biochemistry of plants.
Abdus Salam (professor, Pakistan): for outstanding achievements in physics.

1984

Nikolai Nikolaevich Bogolyubov: for outstanding achievements in mathematics and theoretical physics.
Rudolf Mössbauer (professor, Federal Republic of Germany): for outstanding achievements in physics.

1985

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sadovsky (Soviet academician): for outstanding achievements in geology and geophysics.
Guillermo Haro (professor, Mexico): for outstanding achievements in astrophysics.

1986

Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fyodorov: for outstanding achievements in ophthalmology and eye microsurgery.
(academician, Chairman of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences): for outstanding achievements in biochemistry.

1987

Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov: for outstanding achievements in physics.
John Bardeen (professor, United States): for outstanding achievements in physics.

1988

Sergei Lvovich Sobolev (posthumously): for outstanding achievements in mathematics.
Jean Leray (professor, France): for outstanding achievements in mathematics.

1989

Nikolai Gennadievich Basov: for outstanding achievements in physics.
Hans Bethe (professor, United States): for outstanding achievements in physics.

1993

Dmitri Sergeevich Likhachev: for outstanding achievements in the humanities.
John Kenneth Galbraith (professor, United States): for outstanding achievements in economic and social sciences.

1994

Nikolai Konstantinovich Kochetkov: for outstanding achievements in the chemistry of carbohydrates and organic synthesis.
James D. Watson (professor, United States): for outstanding achievements in molecular biology.

1995

Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg: for outstanding achievements in theoretical physics and astrophysics.
Anatole Abragam (professor, France): for outstanding achievements in physics of condensed state and methods of research in nuclear physics.

1996

Nikolai Nikolaevich Krasovsky: for outstanding achievements in the mathematical theory of control and the theory of differential games.
Friedrich Hirzebruch (professor, Federal Republic of Germany): for outstanding achievements in algebraic geometry and algebraic topology.

1997

Boris Sergeyevich Sokolov: for outstanding achievements in the studies of the early biosphere of the Earth, the discovery of the ancient Wend geological system and classical works in fossil corals.
Frank Press (professor, United States): for outstanding achievements in the physics of solid Earth.

1998

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn: for an outstanding contribution into the development of Russian literature, Russian language and Russian history.
Yosikazu Nakamura (professor, Japan): for an outstanding contribution to the study of Slavistics and the popularization of Russian literature and culture in Japan.

1999

Valentin Lavrentevich Yanin: for achievements in the archaeological studies of medieval Russia.
Michael Müller-Wille (professor, Germany): for achievements in the study of foreign relations of early medieval Russia.

2000

Andrei Viktorovich Gaponov-Grekhov: for fundamental works in the fields of electrodynamics, plasma physics and physical electronics.
Charles Hard Townes (professor, United States): for fundamental works in quantum electronics leading to the development of the maser and laser.

2001

Alexander Sergeevich Spirin: for achievements in the study of the structure of nucleic acids and the functions of ribosomes.
Alexander Rich (professor, United States): for achievements in the study of the structure of nucleic acids and the functions of ribosomes.

2002

Olga Aleksandrovna Ladyzhenskaya: for outstanding achievements in mathematics.
Lennart Carleson (professor, Sweden): for outstanding achievements in mathematics.

2003

Evgeny Chazov: for outstanding achievements in cardiology.
Michael E. DeBakey (professor, United States): for outstanding achievements in cardiology.^[1]

2004

Gury Ivanovich Marchuk: for his outstanding contribution to the creation of new models and methods of solving problems of nuclear-reactor physics, atmosphere and ocean physics.
Edward N. Lorenz (professor, United States): for major achievements in developing the theory of general circulation of the atmosphere and the theory of chaotic attractors of dissipative systems.^[2]

2005

Yuri Andreevich Ossipyan: for outstanding achievements in solid state physics.
Peter Hirsch (professor, Great Britain): for outstanding achievements in solid state physics.

2006

Nikolay Pavlovich Laverov: for outstanding achievements in geology and geophysics.
Rodney Charles Ewing (professor, United States): for his research on the nuclear fuel cycle and nuclear waste management.

2007

Andrey Anatolyevich Zaliznyak: for outstanding achievements in research in linguistics.
Simon Franklin (professor, Great Britain): for outstanding achievements in research in Russian history and culture.

2008

Evgenii Maksimovich Primakov: for outstanding contributions in the development of the social sciences.
Hélène Carrère d’Encausse (professor, France): for outstanding achievements in research of political and social processes in soviet and postsoviet periods of Russia.

2009

Vadim Tikhonovich Ivanov: for outstanding contributions in the development of bioorganic chemistry.
Ryōji Noyori (professor, Japan): for outstanding contributions in the development of organic chemistry and catalytic asymmetric synthesis.

2010

Spartak Timofeevich Belyaev: for outstanding contributions in physics.
Gerard 't Hooft (professor, Netherlands): for outstanding contributions in physics.

2011

Vladimir Alexandrovich Tartakovsky: for outstanding contributions in chemistry.
Roald Hoffmann (professor, United States): for outstanding contributions in chemistry.

2012

Gleb Vsevolodovich Dobrovolsky: for outstanding contribution in the field of soil science.
Richard Warren Arnold (professor, United States): for his outstanding contribution to the development of theoretical and applied soil science and modeling the behavior of soils in different landscapes of the world.

2013

Ludvig Dmitrievich Faddeev: for outstanding contribution to quantum field theory and the theory of elementary particles.
Peter David Lax (professor, United States): for outstanding contribution to the theory of hydrodynamic solitons.

2014

Anatoly Derevyanko: for his outstanding contribution to the development of a new fundamental scientific concept formation of modern human physical type and its culture.
Svante Pääbo (professor, Sweden): for outstanding achievements in the field of archeology and paleogenetics.^[3]

2015

Leonid Veniaminovich Keldysh: for outstanding contributions to the physics of tunnel phenomena, including the tunnel effects in semiconductors.
Paul Corkum (professor, Canada): for outstanding contribution in ultrafast physics, including attosecond range, and interferometry processes of electron wave functions in atoms and molecules with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution.

2016

Dmitrii Knorre: for his outstanding contribution in the field of nucleic acid chemistry, affinity modification of biopolymers, becoming the most important areas of pharmacology - therapeutic nucleic acids and the development of gene therapy techniques.
Sidney Altman (Canada and United States): for his outstanding contribution in the field of biochemistry of nucleic acids, the discovery of the catalytic activity of the nucleic acids and the creation of new biologically active substances.

2017

Yuri Tsolakovich Oganesyan: for fundamental research in the field of interaction of complex nuclei and experimental confirmation of the hypothesis of the existence of "stability islands" of superheavy elements.
Björn Jonson (professor, Sweden): for work of a fundamental nature, which are of fundamental importance for the study of the nuclear structure and nuclear stability of exotic lightest nuclei at the boundaries of nucleon stability.

2018

Joseph Isaevich Gitelzon: for the justification and development of the ecological direction of biophysics, which has achieved a number of outstanding fundamental and practical results, in particular in marine and laboratory studies of bioluminescence.
Martin Chalfie (professor, United States): for developing new methods for bioluminescent analysis using GFP luminescent protein.

2019

Georgy Sergeyevich Golitsyn: for outstanding contribution to the study of the physics of the earth's atmosphere and planets and the development of the theory of climate and its changes.
Paul Jozef Crutzen (professor, Netherlands): for outstanding contribution to chemistry atmosphere and assessment of the role of biogeochemical cycles in the climate formation.

2020

Sergey Petrovich Novikov: for a leading role in the revival of modern topology in our country, solving fundamental problems of topology, the theory of nonlinear waves, quantum mechanics and field theory.
John Willard Milnor (professor, United States): for the discovery of non-standard smooth structures on multidimensional spheres, solving fundamental problems of topology and the theory of dynamical systems.

2021

Georgy Pavlovich Georgiev: for classical works on the study of the structure and expression of the genome of higher eukaryotes.
Richard John Roberts (professor, Great Britain): for his great contribution to the study of pro- and eukaryotic genomes, RNA splicing, gene identification restriction enzymes and methylases.^[4]

2022

Yuri Victorovich Natochin for studying the mechanism of water-salt metabolism in astronauts and ways to normalize it in stroke.
Denis Noble for developing a mathematical model of the electrical phenomena of the heart.^[5]

External links

Notes and References

http://www.ras.ru/rasawards/2ce37b52-2051-4f7f-8e1e-129bdda6969f.aspx?hidetoc=0 Lomonosov Gold Medal 2003
http://www.ras.ru/rasawards/29ededd5-1ade-4b7c-898f-f5581e190208.aspx?hidetoc=0 Lomonosov Gold Medal 2004
https://www.ras.ru/news/news_release.aspx?ID=5ead6dfe-4623-451d-8cb5-01181b841fe9 Lomonosov Gold Medal 2014 (in Russian)
http://www.ras.ru/news/news_release.aspx?ID=72609491-fb8d-4235-97a2-0853af546268 Lomonosov Gold Medal 2021
https://www.ras.ru/news/shownews.aspx?id=8caa02a0-74b3-40c8-86a5-09200303a8b2 Lomonosov Gold Medal 2022