Loharu State Explained

Native Name:लोहारू रियासत
Conventional Long Name:Loharu State
Common Name:Loharu
Nation:British India
Subdivision:Princely State
Year Start:1803
Year End:1947
Event End:Accession to the Union of India
S1:India
Flag S1:Flag of India.svg
Image Map Caption:Loharu at the edge of Punjab (British India), 1903
Capital:Loharu
Stat Area1:570
Stat Year1:1901
Stat Pop1:15,229
Today:India

Loharu State was one of the princely states of India during the period of the British Raj.[1] It was part of the Punjab States Agency and was a nine-gun salute state.

Loharu State encompassed an area of 222sqmi, and was situated in the south-east corner of the undivided Punjab province, between the district of Hissar and the Rajputana Agency.[2] In 1901, the state had a population of 15,229 people, of whom 2,175 resided in the town of Loharu.[3] From 1803 to 1835, the territory of Loharu State also included an Ferozepur Jhirka enclave within the area directly administered by the British raj,[4] Outer limits of the state were defined by the peripheral towns of Loharu, Bahal, Isharwal, Kairu, Jui Khurd and Badhra.

The haveli of 'Nawab of Loharu', known as Mahal Sara, lies in Gali Qasim Jan in Ballimaran, where his son-in-law, noted poet Mirza Ghalib stayed for a few years, whose own Ghalib ki Haveli lies a few yard away.[5] [6] Now the gali, which houses the Mahal Sara, is known as Kothi Nawab Loharu lane in Ballimaran mohalla of Chandni Chowk area in Old Delhi.[7]

History

Loharu town, the seat of the state's administration town got its name from the Lohars (local blacksmiths) who were employed in the minting of coins for the erstwhile Jaipur State.[8] The princely state of Loharu was founded by Ahmad Baksh Khan in 1803 when he received the town of Loharu, (along with the pargana of 'Firozepur Jirka' (now in Nuh district), from the Lord Lake of British East India Company as a reward for his services against the Jat rulers of Bharatpur.[9] [10] [11]

Ahmad Baksh Khan was succeeded by his eldest son, Sams-ud-din Khan [Samsudin Ahmad Khan], in 1827; his reign did not last long: in 1835 he was executed by the British Raj for being involved in the conspiracy to kill the British Resident to Delhi, Sir William Frazer,[12] [13] Noted Urdu poet Daagh Dehlvi was a son of Nawab Samsuddin Khan.[14] [15] Subsequently, the pargana of Firozepur was taken away by the British and the state of Loharu was given to his brothers, Amin-ud-din and Zia-ud-din Khan. Both were themselves kept under surveillance after the Indian Rebellion of 1857 for some time, before being released and their positions restored.

Alauddin Ahmed Khan succeeded his father Amin-ud-din Khan in 1869 and received the title of Nawab. Alauddin's son, Amir-ud-din Ahmad Khan (1859–1937), after managing the state on his father's behalf, succeeded him in 1884, though from 1893 to 1903, he remained administrator and adviser of the state of Maler Kotla during this time, the state was being handled by his younger brother, Bashiruddin Ahmed Khan. In 1903, Amir- ud-din Ahmad Khan also received the K.C.S.I honour from the British Government and after the 1903 Durbar Honours from 1 January 1903 was allowed a 9 gun personal salute.[9] [16] He later became a member of the Viceroy of India's legislative council.[3] [17] The Nawab of Loharu State dealt with the dissenting kisans (farmers) and his troops opened fire on a Kisan Meeting on 8 August 1935, killing dozens of kisans.

In 1920, he abdicated to his second son, Aizzuddin Ahmad Khan, though he died early in 1926, leaving the state to his son, Amin ud-din Ahmad Khan (1911–1983) - the last Nawab.[18] However, since the new Nawab was still young, Amirud-din Ahmad Khan stepped in and took care of the state till 1931.

After the Independence of India in 1947, the state acceded to the Union of India and many of the ruling family and the city's Muslim inhabitants re-settled in Lahore, Pakistan, though the Nawab and his direct descendants (except for the eldest daughter of Nawab Aminuddin Ahmed, Mahbano Begum who lives in Islamabad), stayed on, in India.[12] [19]

Nawabs of Loharu

Lineage
NawabReign
Ahmad Bakhsh Khan 1806–1827
Shams-ud-din Khan (Shamsuddin Ahmad Khan) 1827–1835
Aminuddin Ahmad Khan 1835 - 27 February 1869
Allauddin Ahmad Khan 27 February 1869 – 31 October 1884
31 October 1884 - April 1920 (abdicated)
Azizuddin Ahmad Khan April 1920 - 30 October 1926
Aminuddin Ahmad Khan II30 October 1926 – 15 August 1947

Notable members of the Loharu dynasty

The ruling family of Loharu was linked by blood or marriage to several important Muslim personalities of the 19th century, including:

Courtiers

Jaglan Zail of Bidhwan was adjacent to the Loharu State.

Mir Muhammad Khan, was a fine vocalist in the court of Maharaja Loharu, a descendant of Mir Allahbux who a famous vocalists and the court-musician of Raja Nahar Singh of Ballabhgarh State.[20]

Post-Independence

Loharu descendants in India

Loharu descendants in Pakistan

Adjacent states and jagirs

Demographics

Religious
group! colspan="2"
1901[26] 1911[27] [28] 1921[29] 1931[30] 1941[31]
13,25416,17817,97820,19823,923
1,9632,4012,6253,1193,960
121818180
00027
00012
00000
00000
00000
Others00000
Total population15,22918,59720,62123,33827,892

See also

External links

28.45°N 75.82°W

Notes and References

  1. http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/l/loharu.html Loharu Princely State (nine gun salute)
  2. http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/india/xloharu.html 1909 location map of Loharu in British Punjab
  3. Loharu . 16 . 922.
  4. Web site: Sir Thomas Metcalfe. Thomas Metcalfe, 4th Baronet. of William Fraser, Agent to the Governor-General of India. British Library. 2014-02-01 .
  5. http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990412/ige12033.html HC fiat to Centre, Delhi Govts on poet Mirza Ghalib's haveli
  6. http://www.civilsocietyonline.com/Heritage/delhi.asp Delhi Hunger and History in Delhi
  7. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/after-30-years-and-3-foundations-decks-clear.../370570/ Senior Secondary Panama Building Girls School in the Kothi Nawab Loharu lane in Ballimaran
  8. https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_176.gif Loharu Town
  9. https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_175.gif Loharu State
  10. http://hamidhussain.com/chapter5.aspx Chapter 5: My Loharu Connection
  11. https://books.google.com/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC&dq=Loharu+history&pg=RA3-PA691 The State of Loharu
  12. http://www.dawn.com/2005/05/26/nat14.htm Loharu family’s get-together in capital – Islamabad
  13. http://www.arabnews.com/?page=21&section=0&article=105257&d=9&m=1&y=2008 The Story of Many Moons
  14. Web site: Finding Wazir . The Indian Express (newspaper). 16 June 2013. Amrita Dutta. 16 May 2018.
  15. Web site: An incandescent star, a polyphonic constellation. Omair Ahmad. 14 September 2013. The Sunday Guardian. 16 May 2018.
  16. The Durbar Honours . 1 January 1903 . 8 . 36966.
  17. Sayyid Ahmad Khan, Sir . 24 . 278 . William . Lee-Warner.
  18. http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/l/loharu.html Genealogy of the Nawabs of Loharu
  19. Book: https://www.abhilekh-patal.in/jspui/handle/123456789/2593477?searchWord=instrument&backquery=[location=123456789%2F1&query=%22instrument%20of%20accession%22&rpp=20&sort_by=dc.date.accessioned_dt&order=desc Loharu State - Instrument of Accession and Standstill Agreement signed between Captain Nawab Aminuddin Ahmad Khan, Ruler of Loharu State and the Dominion of India. ]. Ministry of States, Government of India . 1947 . New Delhi . 3 . 31 August 2022 . registration . National Archives of India.
  20. Amala Dāśaśarmā, 1993, Musicians of India: Past and Present : Gharanas of Hindustani Music and Genealogies
  21. http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070824/harplus1.htm#17 "Eighth Nawab" of Loharu Alauddin Ahmed Khan
  22. http://www.haryana-online.com/districts/bhiwani.htm Bhiwani district
  23. http://www.pratham.org/novib/school_infra/school_progrmm.php Nawab of Loharu
  24. Web site: Heritage . Mariekesartofliving.com . 2013-12-08.
  25. http://www.dawn.com/2008/06/05/fea.htm Jamiluddin Aali - Pakistani Poet
  26. Web site: Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province. ]. saoa.crl.25363739 . 30 March 2024 . 1901 . 34.
  27. Web site: Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. . saoa.crl.25393788 . 30 March 2024 . 1911 . 27.
  28. Web site: Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II . 30 March 2024 . 1911 . 27 . Kaul, Harikishan.
  29. Web site: Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables. . saoa.crl.25430165 . 30 March 2024 . 1921 . 29.
  30. Web site: Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. . saoa.crl.25793242 . 30 March 2024 . 1931 . 277.
  31. Web site: Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab . saoa.crl.28215541 . 30 March 2024 . 1941 . 42.

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