The 1825 to 1863 Stockton and Darlington Railway (S&DR) was the world's first public railway to use steam locomotives. Its first line connected collieries near Shildon with Stockton-on-Tees and Darlington, and was officially opened on 27 September 1825. While coal waggons were hauled by steam locomotives from the start, passengers were carried in coaches drawn by horses until carriages hauled by steam locomotives were introduced in 1833.
The company was taken over by the North Eastern Railway in 1863, transferring 200rtmi of line and about 160 locomotives, but continued to operate independently as the Darlington Section until 1876. The opening of the S&DR was seen as proof of the effectiveness of steam railways and its anniversary was celebrated in 1875, 1925 and 1975. Much of the original route is now served by the Tees Valley Line, operated by Northern.
Locomotives were sometimes renumbered, and the old numbers re-used for new locomotives. The following list does not include all renumberings.
| Number | Name | Wheels | Designer | Builder | Date introduced | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Active, later Locomotion No. 1 | G & R Stephenson | 1825 | Preserved at Darlington | |||
| 1 (2nd) | — | 1868 | |||||
| 2 | Hope | G & R Stephenson | 1825 | ||||
| 2 (2nd) | Graham | 1849 | |||||
| 2 (3rd) | — | Darlington railway works | 1865 | ||||
| 3 | Black Diamond | G & R Stephenson | 1826 | ||||
| 3 (2nd) | Times | 1849 | |||||
| 3 (3rd) | — | Darlington railway works | 1865 | ||||
| 4 (1st) | Diligence | G & R Stephenson | 1826 | ||||
| 4 (2nd) | Stockton | Timothy Hackworth | Fossick & Hackworth | 1841 | |||
| 4 (3rd) | — | 1870 | |||||
| 5 (1st) | Stockton | ? | Robert Wilson and Co | 1826 | [1] [2] nicknamed Chittaprat. First British locomotive with four cylinders.[3] | ||
| 5 (2nd) | Royal George | 1827 | [4] (rebuilt from Chittaprat) | ||||
| 5 (3rd) | Hope Town | 1841 | |||||
| 5 (4th) | — | 1869 | |||||
| 6 (1st) | Experiment | G & R Stephenson | 1826 | [5] | |||
| 6 (2nd) | Despatch | Timothy Hackworth | Hackworth & Downing | 1839 | later no. 10 | ||
| 6 (3rd) | — | 1869 | |||||
| 7 (1st) | Rocket | Robert Stephenson? | 1829 | [6] | |||
| 7 (2nd) | Prince | Shildon railway works | 1842 | ||||
| 7 (3rd) | — | 1869 | |||||
| 8 (1st) | Victory | Timothy Hackworth | 1829 | [7] | |||
| 8 (2nd) | Leader | Timothy Hackworth | 1842 | ||||
| 8 (3rd) | — | 1869 | |||||
| 9 (1st) | Globe | Timothy Hackworth | 1830 | ||||
| 9 (2nd) | Middlesbrough | William Lister & Co. | 1840 | ||||
| 9 (3rd) | — | Hopkins, Gilkes & Co. | 1865 | ||||
| 10 (1st) | Planet | Robert Stephenson | 1830 | ||||
| 10 (2nd) | Auckland | Timothy Hackworth | Hackworth & Downing | 1839 | later no. 6 | ||
| 10 (3rd) | — | 1870 | |||||
| 11 (1st) | North Star | Robert Stephenson | 1830 | ||||
| 11 (2nd) | North Star | Timothy Hackworth | Hackworth & Downing | 1837 | |||
| 11 (3rd) | — | 1869 | |||||
| 12 (1st) | Majestic | Stephenson/Hawthorn | 1831 | ||||
| 12 (2nd) | Briton | Timothy Hackworth | 1837 | ||||
| 12 (3rd) | Trader | Timothy Hackworth | Shildon railway works | 1842 | (rebuilt from Briton) | ||
| 12 (4th) | — | 1868 | |||||
| 13 (1st) | Coronation | Timothy Hackworth | Stephenson/Hawthorn | 1831 | |||
| 13 (2nd) | Ocean | William Lister & Co. | 1840 | ||||
| 14 (1st) | William IV | Timothy Hackworth | Stephenson/Hawthorn | 1831 | |||
| 14 (2nd) | Tees | Timothy Hackworth | 1837 | ||||
| 15 (1st) | Northumbrian | Timothy Hackworth | Stephenson/Hawthorn | 1831 | |||
| 15 (2nd) | Tory | Timothy Hackworth | Hackworth & Downing | 1838 | |||
| 15 (3rd) | — | 1869 | |||||
| 16 (1st) | Director | Timothy Hackworth | 1832 | ||||
| 16 (2nd) | Stanhope | 1845 | |||||
| 16 (3rd) | — | 1870 | |||||
| 17 (1st) | Lord Brougham | Timothy Hackworth | Stephenson/Hawthorn | 1831 | |||
| 17 (2nd) | Whig | Timothy Hackworth | 1838 | ||||
| 17 (3rd) | — | 1870 | |||||
| 18 (1st) | Shildon | Timothy Hackworth | Stephenson/Hawthorn | 1831 | |||
| 18 (2nd) | Etherley | William Lister & Co. | 1840 | ||||
| 19 | Darlington | Timothy Hackworth | 1832 | ||||
| 20 | Adelaide | Timothy Hackworth | 1832 | ||||
| 21 | Earl Grey | Timothy Hackworth | R and W Hawthorn | 1832 | |||
| 22 (1st) | Lord Durham | Timothy Hackworth | Robert Stephenson and Company | 1832 | |||
| 22 (2nd) | Alert | 1846 | |||||
| 22 (3rd) | — | 1869 | |||||
| 23 | Wilberforce | Timothy Hackworth | R and W Hawthorn | 1833 | |||
| 23 (2nd) | — | Hopkins, Gilkes & Co. | 1865 | ||||
| 24 (1st) | Magnet | Timothy Hackworth | 1835 | The first locomotive built at Soho. | |||
| 24 (2nd) | Skelton Castle | 1846 | |||||
| 24 (3rd) | — | 1870 | |||||
| 25 (1st) | Enterprise | 1835 | |||||
| 25 (2nd) | Derwent | 1845 | Preserved at Darlington | ||||
| 25 (3rd) | — | 1869 | |||||
| 26 (1st) (later 51) | Arrow | Timothy Hackworth | 1837 | ||||
| 26 (2nd) | Pilot | 1840 | |||||
| 26 (3rd) | — | 1868 | |||||
| 27 (1st) | Swift | Hawthorn | 1836 | ||||
| 27 (2nd) | Whitton Castle | Neasham & Walsh | 1840 | ||||
| 28 (later 43) | Sunbeam | Hawthorn | 1837 | ||||
| 28 (2nd) | Conside | Hartlepool Iron Co. | 1845 | ||||
| 28 (3rd) | — | Hopkins, Gilkes & Co. | 1866 | ||||
| 29 (later 40) | Queen | 1837 | |||||
| 29 (2nd) | Miner | 1845 | |||||
| 30 (later 49) | Raby Castle | 1839 | |||||
| 30 (2nd) | Wear | 1845 | |||||
| 31 (1st) | Redcar | Hackworth/Bouch | 1845 | ||||
| 31 (2nd) | — | 1869 | |||||
| 32 | Eldon | Hackworth/Bouch | Shildon railway works | 1846 | |||
| 33 | Shildon | Hackworth/Bouch | Shildon railway works | 1846 | |||
| 34 | Driver | Hackworth/Bouch | Shildon railway works | 1846 | |||
| 35 | Commerce | Shildon railway works | 1847 | ||||
| 36 (1st) | Guisbro | 1847 | |||||
| 36 (2nd) | — | 1870 | |||||
| 37 | Gem | Shildon railway works | 1847 | ||||
| 38 | Rokeby | Shildon railway works | 1847 | ||||
| 39 | Ruby | Shildon railway works | 1847 | ||||
| 40 (1st) | Queen | Kitching | William and Alfred Kitching | 1837 | formerly no.29 | ||
| 40 (2nd) | — | Hopkins, Gilkes & Co. | 1866 | ||||
| 41 | Dart | Timothy Hackworth | 1839 | ||||
| 42 (1st) | London | J Hague? | John Hague? | 1839 | [8] | ||
| 42 (2nd) | — | Hopkins, Gilkes & Co. | 1866 | ||||
| 43 (1st) | Sunbeam | Hawthorn | 1837 | formerly no.28 | |||
| 43 (2nd) | — | Hopkins, Gilkes & Co. | 1866 | ||||
| 44 (1st) | Sun | 1844 | Acquired from the Midland Railway in November 1844 for £250, ex MR 112, né Midland Counties Railway 4 Sunbeam, built 1839. | ||||
| 44 (2nd) | — | 1868 | |||||
| 45 | Gannymede | 1844 | Acquired from the Midland Railway in November 1844 for £250, ex MR 84, né Midland Counties Railway 41 Ganymede, built 1840. | ||||
| 46 (1st) | Antelope | 1844 | Acquired from the Midland Railway in November 1844 for £250, ex MR 122, né Midland Counties Railway 14 Antelope, built 1840. | ||||
| 46 (2nd) | — | Hopkins, Gilkes & Co. | 1866 | ||||
| 47 | Unicorn | 1844 | Acquired from the Midland Railway in November 1844 for £3250, ex MR 123, né Midland Counties Railway 15 Unicorn, built 1840. | ||||
| 48 | Active | Kitching | Kitching | 1844 | |||
| 49 (1st) | Raby Castle | Kitching | 1839 | Formerly No. 30 | |||
| 49 (2nd) | — | Hopkins, Gilkes & Co. | 1866 | ||||
| 50 | Meteor | Shildon Works | 1842 | ||||
| 51 (1st) | Arrow | Timothy Hackworth | 1837 | formerly no.26 | |||
| 51 (2nd) | — | Hopkins, Gilkes & Co. | 1866 | ||||
| 52 | Comet | Kirtley | Kirtley | 1841 | |||
| 53 (1st) | Manchester | Sharp, Roberts and Company | 1840 | ||||
| 53 (2nd) | — | Darlington railway works | 1867 | ||||
| 54 | Tyneside | 1842 | |||||
| 55 | Wolsingham | 1847 | |||||
| 56 (1st) | Shotley | 1852 | |||||
| 56 (2nd) | — | Darlington railway works | 1866 | ||||
| 57 (1st) | Tow Law | 1852 | |||||
| 57 (2nd) | — | Darlington railway works | 1866 | ||||
| 58 | Woodlands | 1848 | |||||
| 59 | Hallgarth | 1848 | |||||
| 60 | Cleveland | J. Graham | 1848 | ||||
| 61 | Star | J. Graham | 1849 | ||||
| 62 | Southend | J. Graham | 1849 | [9] | |||
| 63 | Birkbeck | W. Bouch | 1849 | ||||
| 64 | Larchfield | W. Bouch | 1849 | ||||
| 65 | Newmarket or Stephenson | Robert Stephenson? | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1850 | |||
| 66 | Priam | Robert Stephenson? | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1847 | |||
| 67 | Orion | Robert Stephenson? | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1848 | |||
| 68 | Brunswick | Robert Stephenson? | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1850 | |||
| 69 | Clarendon | Robert Stephenson? | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1850 | |||
| 70 | Alarm | Robert Stephenson? | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1851 | |||
| 71 | Hackworth | Alfred Kitching | 1851 | [10] | |||
| 72 | Peel | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1852 | ||||
| 73 | Aberdeen | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1852 | ||||
| 74 | Eperor | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1853 | ||||
| 75 | Baring | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1853 | ||||
| 76 | Prince of Wales | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1854 | ||||
| 77 | Alexander | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1854 | ||||
| 78 | Lonsdale | 1854 | Acquired from Whitehaven and Furness Junction Railway in March 1854; ex W&FJ 1 Lonsdale, built 1846. | ||||
| 79 | Carlisle | 1854 | Acquired from Whitehaven and Furness Junction Railway in March 1854; ex W&FJ 2 Carlisle, built 1846. | ||||
| 80 | Duke | Shildon railway works | 1854 | ||||
| 81 (1st) | Hawthorn | 1855 | Acquired from Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway in March 1855; ex E&G 40, built 1847–1848. | ||||
| 81 (2nd) | — | Hopkins, Gilkes & Co. | 1867 | ||||
| 82 | Miller | 1855 | Acquired from Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway in March 1855; ex E&G 41, built 1847–1848. | ||||
| 83 | Victoria | 1854 | |||||
| 84 | Albert | 1854 | [11] | ||||
| 85 | Hardinge | 1854 | |||||
| — | — | — | Acquired from Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway; ex L&Y 143, né Manchester and Leeds Railway 43, built 1842; not put into stock. | ||||
| 86 | Zetland | 1854 | Acquired from Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway in November 1854; ex L&Y 219, né Blackburn, Darwen and Bolton Railway 4, built 1847–1848. | ||||
| 87 | Fryerage | Edward Bury & Co. | 1854 | Acquired from Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway in November 1854; ex L&Y 154–156, né Manchester and Leeds Railway 47 West Riding Union, built 1845. | |||
| 88 | Deanery | Edward Bury & Co. | 1854 | Acquired from Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway in November 1854; ex L&Y 154–156, né Manchester and Leeds Railway 48 Cleckheaton, built 1845. | |||
| 89 | Huddersfield | Edward Bury & Co. | 1854 | Acquired from Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway in November 1854; ex L&Y 154–156, né Manchester and Leeds Railway 49, built 1846. | |||
| 90 | Merchant | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1855 | ||||
| 91 | Australia | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1855 | ||||
| 92 | Yarm | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1855 | ||||
| 93 (1st) | Uranus | 1855 | Acquired from Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway in March 1855; ex E&G 42, built 1847. | ||||
| 93 (2nd) | Uranus | Darlington railway works | 1867 | ||||
| 94 (1st) | Neptune | 1855 | Acquired from Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway in March 1855; ex E&G 43, built 1847. | ||||
| 93 (2nd) | Neptune | Darlington railway works | 1867 | ||||
| 95 | Elephant | 1855 | |||||
| 96 | Middleton | 1855 | |||||
| 97 | Gainford | 1855 | |||||
| 98 | Pierremont | 1855 | |||||
| 99 | Ayton | Alfred Kitching | Gilkes Wilson | 1855 | |||
| 100 | Stobart | 1855 | |||||
| 101 | Marske | 1855 | |||||
| 102 | Cotherstone | 1855 | |||||
| 103 | Darlington | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1855 | ||||
| 104 | Durham | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1855 | ||||
| 105 | Teesdale | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1855 | ||||
| 106 | Staindrop | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1856 | ||||
| 107 | Barnard Castle | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1856 | ||||
| 108 | Eagle | 1856 | |||||
| 109 | Falcon | R and W Hawthorn | 1856 | ||||
| 110 | Hawk | R and W Hawthorn | 1856 | ||||
| 111 | Stag | R and W Hawthorn | 1856 | ||||
| 112 | Lion | R and W Hawthorn | 1856 | ||||
| 113 | Camel | R and W Hawthorn | 1856 | ||||
| 114 | Edward Pease | 1856 | |||||
| 115 | Maynell | 1856 | |||||
| 116 | Lartington | Alfred Kitching | 1856 | ||||
| 117 | Nunthorpe | Alfred Kitching | 1856 | ||||
| 118 | Elmfield | Alfred Kitching | Kitching & Co | 1857 | |||
| 119 | Gretna | 1856 | |||||
| 120 | Brough | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1856 | ||||
| 121 | Tiger | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1857 | ||||
| 122 | Kestrel | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1857 | ||||
| 123 | Belle Vue | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1857 | ||||
| 124 | Brookside | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1857 | ||||
| 125 | Gazelle | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1858 | ||||
| 126 | John Wakefield | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1858 | ||||
| 127 | Polam | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1858 | ||||
| 128 | East Mount | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1858 | ||||
| 129 | Stanley | 1858 | |||||
| 130 | Hutton | R and W Hawthorn | 1858 | ||||
| 131 | Long Hall | R and W Hawthorn | 1858 | ||||
| 132 | Appleby | 1858 | |||||
| 133 | Kirkby Stephen | 1858 | |||||
| 134 | Kendal | 1858 | |||||
| 135 | Eden | Shildon railway works | 1858 | ||||
| 136 | Tebay | 1858 | |||||
| 137 | Deepdale | Robert Stephenson and Company | 1858 | ||||
| 138 | Beelah | Robert Stephenson and Company | 1858 | ||||
| 139 | Crossfell | 1859 | |||||
| 140 | Penrith | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1859 | ||||
| 141 | Excelsior | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1859 | ||||
| 142 | Wycliffe | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1859 | ||||
| 143 | Windermere | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1859 | ||||
| 144 | Ulleswater | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1860 | ||||
| 145 | Panther | 1860 | |||||
| 146 | Ostrich | R and W Hawthorn | 1860 | ||||
| 147 | Leopard | R and W Hawthorn | 1860 | ||||
| 148 | Zebra | R and W Hawthorn | 1860 | ||||
| 149 | Fox | R and W Hawthorn | 1860 | ||||
| 150 | Mastiff | R and W Hawthorn | 1860 | ||||
| 151 | Mercury | 1860 | |||||
| 152 | Venus | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1860 | ||||
| 153 | Mars | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1860 | ||||
| 154 | Jupiter | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1860 | ||||
| 155 | Saturn | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1861 | ||||
| 156 | Hershel | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1861 | ||||
| 157 | Planet | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1861 | ||||
| 158 | Lune | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1861 | ||||
| 159 | York | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1862 | ||||
| 160 | Brougham | William Bouch | Robert Stephenson and Company | 1860 | |||
| 161 | Lowther | William Bouch | Robert Stephenson and Company | 1860 | |||
| 162 | Saltburn | William Bouch | Robert Stephenson and Company | 1862 | |||
| 163 | Morecambe | William Bouch | Robert Stephenson and Company | 1862 | |||
| 164 | Belfast | William Bouch | Robert Stephenson and Company | 1862 | |||
| 165 | Keswick | William Bouch | Robert Stephenson and Company | 1862 | |||
| 166 | Oswald Gilkees | Kitching and Company | 1860 | ||||
| 167 | Newlands | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1862 | ||||
| 168 | Clifton | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1862 | ||||
| 169 | Tufton | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1863 | ||||
| 170 | Reliance | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1864 | ||||
| 171 | Gladstone | Shildon railway works | 1863 | ||||
| 172 | Barrow | Shildon railway works | 1863 | ||||
| 173 | London | Shildon railway works | 1864 | ||||
| 174 | John Dixon | Shildon railway works | 1864 | ||||
| 175 | Contractor | Darlington railway works | 1864 | First locomotive built at North Road. | |||
| 176 | Windsor | Robert Stephenson and Company | 1865 | ||||
| 177 | Osborne | Robert Stephenson and Company | 1865 | ||||
| 178 | Balmoral | Robert Stephenson and Company | 1865 | ||||
| 179 | Edinburgh | Robert Stephenson and Company | 1865 | ||||
| 180 | Dublin | Robert Stephenson and Company | 1865 | ||||
| 181 | Malton | Robert Stephenson and Company | 1865 | ||||
| 182 | Elton | Robert Stephenson and Company | 1865 | ||||
| 183 | Acklam | Robert Stephenson and Company | 1866 | ||||
| 184 | Lark | Robert Stephenson and Company | 1866 | ||||
| 185 | Swallow | Robert Stephenson and Company | 1866 | ||||
| 186 | Union | Darlington railway works | 1865 | ||||
| 187 | Iron Age | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1864 | ||||
| 188 | Lily | Gilkes Wilson and Company | 1865 | ||||
| 189 | Spring | Darlington railway works | 1864 | ||||
| 190 | Summer | Darlington railway works | 1865 | ||||
| 191 | Autumn | Darlington railway works | 1866 | ||||
| 192 | Winter | Darlington railway works | 1866 | ||||
| 193 | Princess | Darlington railway works | 1866 | ||||
| 194 | Alice | Shildon railway works | 1866 | ||||
| 195 | Helena | Shildon railway works | 1866 | ||||
| 196 | Roseberry | Robert Stephenson and Company | 1866 | Rebuilt as 0-6-0 in 1882. | |||
| 197 | Kildare | Robert Stephenson and Company | 1866 | Rebuilt as 0-6-0 in 1890. | |||
| 198 | Whitby | Robert Stephenson and Company | 1866 | Rebuilt as 0-6-0 in 1888. | |||
| 199 | Escomb | Robert Stephenson and Company | 1866 | Rebuilt as 0-6-0 in 1884. | |||
| 200 | ? | Hopkins, Gilkes & Co. | 1867 | ||||
| 201 | Carlton | Hopkins, Gilkes & Co. | 1867 | ||||
| 202 | Ireland | Darlington railway works | 1867 | ||||
| 203 | England | Darlington railway works | 1867 | ||||
| 204 | — | Hopkins, Gilkes & Co. | 1867 | ||||
| 205 | — | Hopkins, Gilkes & Co. | 1867 | ||||
| 206 | — | Hopkins, Gilkes & Co. | 1868 | ||||
| 207 | — | 1867 | |||||
| 208 | — | R and W Hawthorn | 1868 | ||||
| 209 | — | R and W Hawthorn | 1868 | ||||
| 210 | — | R and W Hawthorn | 1868 | ||||
| 211 | — | R and W Hawthorn | 1868 | ||||
| 212 | — | R and W Hawthorn | 1868 | ||||
| 213 | — | R and W Hawthorn | 1868 | ||||
| 214 | — | R and W Hawthorn | 1868 | ||||
| 215 | — | R and W Hawthorn | 1868 | ||||
| 216 | — | R and W Hawthorn | 1868 | ||||
| 217 | — | R and W Hawthorn | 1868 | ||||
| 218 | — | R and W Hawthorn | 1868 | ||||
| 219 | — | Darlington railway works | 1869 | ||||
| 220 | — | Darlington railway works | 1869 | ||||
| 238 | — | Darlington railway works | 1871 | ||||
| 239 | — | Darlington railway works | 1872 | ||||
| 240 | — | Darlington railway works | 1872 | ||||
| 241 | — | Darlington railway works | 1872 |
When the North Eastern Railway (NER) took over the Stockton and Darlington Railway (SDR) in 1863, the SDR stock included 157 locomotives. The SDR locomotives were administered by a separate committee until 1873. The SDR locomotives were renumbered in 1873, mostly by the addition of 1000. In September 1875 there were still 55 SDR locomotives in existence.
