Locomotives of the Southern Railway (UK) explained

The Southern Railway took a key role in expanding the 660 V DC third rail electrified network begun by the London & South Western Railway. As a result of this, and its smaller operating area, its steam locomotive stock was the smallest of the 'Big Four' companies.

For an explanation of numbering and classification, see British Rail locomotive and multiple unit numbering and classification.

Background

Post-nationalisation

British Railways completed construction of the 'West Country' and 'Merchant Navy' locomotive designs but did not build any further orders. It abandoned the 'Leader' class experiments, and Bulleid left the UK to carry forward his unusual locomotive designs in Ireland.

Withdrawal

Withdrawal of ex-SR locomotives happened mainly towards the end of steam on the Southern Region (in 1967), the pre-Grouping designs having gone before then as electrification spread across the region.

Locomotives of SR design

With the heavy emphasis on electrification for the London suburban area and the Brighton mainline, there was little need for new steam locomotive designs. The main steam tasks were boat trains (Dover, Folkestone and Newhaven), West of England, Kent services and freight. When designing steam locomotives, the designers had some interesting constraints that dictated where the locomotive could be used. Due to the hangover from SE&CR days, most of the lines in Kent were of fairly light construction and would not take the weight of a modern express locomotive until well into the 1930s. Hence the extensive rebuilding (and new construction) of 4-4-0 designs at a time when other lines were busily building Pacifics or heavy 4-6-0s.

The ex-SER lines also had the problem of the narrow Mountfield and Wadhurst tunnels on the Hastings line, requiring locomotive and rolling stock rather narrower than permitted elsewhere. This problem persisted into British Railways days until eventually the tunnels were single tracked, giving clearance for normal stock.

Services for west of Southampton and Salisbury had a different set of problems as neither the Southern Railway nor its constituents installed water troughs, thus leading to large tenders with greater water capacity than those fitted to similar locomotives on other railways.

New designs were:

Richard E. L. Maunsell (1923 - 1937)

Class Wheel
arrangement
Date Builder No. built Comments
1925 1 Later converted to class "U1" tender engine (below).
1926 15
1926-9 16
1928 7 Rebuilds of "K" tanks
1928 6
1928 7
1928 10
1931 20
2-6-01928 1 Rebuild of "K1" tank
1931 20
1929 8
1930-5 40
1932 5
1935-6 10
1938-9 20

Maunsell also rebuilt, modified or continued the new construction of earlier classes

O.V.S. Bulleid (1937 - 1949)

Class Wheel
arrangement
Date Builder No. built Comments
0-6-01942 20
20
1942-3 13
2
1941-9 20 10 more built by BR
4-6-21945-51 70 40 more built by BR
1946-9 5 Only one completed; appeared after nationalisation

Bulleid was also responsible for the mechanical part of the three electric locomotives (CC1–CC3, later British Railways Class 70) built at Ashford Works in 1941 (CC1) and 1948 (CC2, CC3). The electrical part was the responsibility of the Southern Railway's Chief Electrical Engineer, Alfred Raworth. Bulleid also designed a 500 hp 0-6-0 diesel mechanical shunter powered by a Davey Paxman power unit. This was built at Ashford Works, though was not introduced until 1950, when it emerged as BR No. 11001.

Locomotives of constituent companies

London and South Western Railway

See also: London and South Western Railway.

John Viret Gooch (1841–1851)

Class Wheel
arrangement
Fleet
number(s)
Manufacturer Year made Quantity
made
Quantity
preserved
Year(s)
withdrawn
Comments
John Viret Gooch (1841–1851)
Southampton16–26 1841–42 11 0 1852–1872 Renewals of earlier locomotives
Eagle27–30 1843–44 4 0 1862–1863
Alecto46–47 1846–47 10 0 1863–1872
Bison49–52, 101–106 1845–48 10 0 1863–1887
Fireball73–100 1846–48 28 0 1862–1872
Mazeppa53–62 1847 10 0 1862–1870
Gem107–108 1847 2 0 1862–1868
Rocklia109–114 Christie, Adams and Hill1848–49 6 0 1868–1870
Vesuvius115–123 1849–1853 9 0 1870–1880

Joseph Hamilton Beattie (1850 - 1871)

Class Wheel
arrangement
Fleet
number(s)
Manufacturer Year made Quantity
made
Quantity
preserved
Year(s)
withdrawn
Comments
Joseph Hamilton Beattie (1850–1871)
Hercules5, 21, 26, 31–32, 35, 37, 40–44, 46–48 1851–1854 15 0 1875–1884 5feet drivers
Tartar2, 12–13, 17–18, 33 1852 6 0 1871–1874
Sussex1, 4, 6, 14–15, 19–20, 36 1852 8 0 1871–1876
Canute130–135, 142, 149–153 1856–1859 12 0 1875–1885
Titan45 1856 1 0 1880 6feet drivers
Saxon124–129, 136–141 1855–1857 12 0 1877–1885 53NaN3 drivers
Chaplin9–10, 34 1856 3 0 1876–1877
Minerva11, 16, 39 1856 3 0 1874–1883
Nelson143–145 1858 3 0 1882–1885
Nile154–156 1859 3 0 1882
Tweed146–148, 160–162 1858–1859 6 0 1877–1879 63NaN3 drivers
Undine163–168, 170–175 1859–60 12 0 1884–1886 6feet drivers
Clyde157–159, 169, 73–75, 95–100 1859–1868 13 0 1883–1899 73NaN3 drivers
Gem107, 55–57, 67, 78 1862–1863 6 0 1884–1885 53NaN3 drivers
Eagle27–30 1862 3 0 1885–1886 63NaN3 drivers
Falcon29, 68–72, 77, 79–88 1863–1867 17 0 1882–1898 6feet drivers
177–220, 243–270, 33, 36, 76, 34, 44, 298–299, 314, 325–329 Beyer, Peacock & Co. (82)
Nine Elms Works (3)
1863–1875 85 2 1886–1899, 1962 31 rebuilt as tender engines (1883–1892). Nº 298 & 314 preserved
Lion3, 7–9, 10, 12–13, 16, 22–24, 38, 52–54, 58–60, 65, 92–94, 101–103, 108–113, 120, 176, 271–272, 291–293 1863–1873 38 0 1886–1900
Volcano5, 11, 25–26, 31, 61–64, 66, 89–91, 114–118 1866–1873 180 1886–1897 63NaN3 drivers
221221–226, 237–242, 273–278, 285–290 1866–1873 24 0 1891–1924 Double framed Goods
231231–236 1866 6 0 1892–1899 63NaN3 drivers
Vesuvius1–2, 4, 6, 14–15, 17–21, 32, 35, 37, 39–43, 119, 121–122, 279–281, 294–297, 315–317 1869–1875 32 0 1893–1899 6feet drivers

William George Beattie (1871 - 1878)

Class Wheel
arrangement
Fleet
number(s)
Manufacturer Year made Quantity
made
Quantity
preserved
Year(s)
withdrawn
Comments
William George Beattie (1871–1878)
273-278, 285-290 1872-1873 12 0 1906-1924 Double framed Goods
282–284, 300–301, 324, 393–394 1873–1880 8 0 1905–1913 "Ilfracombe Goods"
302–313, 336–347, 368–373, 151, 152, 160, 162, 229 1874–1878 35 0 1889–1925 Single framed Goods
318–323 1875 6 0 1906–1913 "Plymouth Tank"
330–335, 227–228, 127–128, 131, 149–150, 161, 409–414 Beyer, Peacock & Co.1876–1882 20 0 1924–1933 "Saddleback"
348–367 1877 20 0 1889–1905 "Jumbo"

William Adams (1878 - 1895)

Class Wheel
arrangement
Fleet
number(s)
Manufacturer Year made Quantity
made
Quantity
preserved
Year(s)
withdrawn
Comments
William Adams (1878–1895)
46, 123–124, 130, 132–133, 374–379 187912 0 1914–1925 Rebuilt to 4-4-2T in 1883–1886
380–391 1879 12 0 1913–1925
135–146 1880–1881 12 0 1913–1924
27–30, 83–84, 101, 105, 134, 148, 153–159,
163–168, 172, 174–175, 395–406, 433–444, 496–515
1881–1886 70 0 1916–1959
45, 47–57, 68, 77–78, 82, 104, 106–107, 125–126, 129,
169–171, 173, 415–432, 479–495, 516–525
1882–1885 74 1 1916–1961 "Radial tank"; 68, 77–78 renumbered 58–60 in 1889–1890. Several were sent to other railways, particularly the East Kent Railway and the Highland Railway, during World War I.
445–456 1883 12 0 1923–1925
147, 460–478, 526 1884–1887 21 0 1924–1929
527–556, 597–656 1887–1895 90 0 1928–1948 "Jubilee"
1–20, 60–80, 358–367 1888–1896 50 0 1931–1951
177–236 1889–1895 60 1 1933–1967 23 transferred to the Isle of Wight (1923–1949)
577–596 1890–1892 20 0 1930–1942
557–576 1892–1893 20 1 1930–1945
81, 85–100, 102–103, 176 1891–1893 20 2 1948–1963
160, 162, 237–240, 257–279, 348–349, 351, 353–354 1894–1900 34 0 1948–1962
677–686 1895–1896 10 0 1933–1943
657–666 1895–1896 10 0 1933–1946

Dugald Drummond (1895 - 1912)

Class Wheel
arrangement
Fleet
number(s)
Manufacturer Year made Quantity
made
Quantity
preserved
Year(s)
withdrawn
Comments
Dugald Drummond (1895–1912)
687–715 1897 30 0 1957–1962 "Black Motor"; 702–716 renumbered 306…368
720 1897 1 0 1927
21–60, 104–112, 123–133, 241–256, 318–324,
328, 356–357, 374–379, 479–481, 667–676
1897–1911 105 2 1937–1965 "Motor tank"
290–299 1898 10 0 1933–1938
733 1899 1 0 1940 "The Bug"; renumbered 58S in 1924
113–122, 280–289, 300–305, 307, 310–314, 336–338,
702–719, 721–732, 773
1899–1901 66 1 1951–1963 "Greyhound"; 773 renumbered 733 in 1924.
369–373 1901 5 0 1926–1927
135–146, 149–153, 329, 340–345, 347, 380–394 1901–1902 40 0 1947–1951 "Small Hopper"
134, 148, 154–159, 161, 163–175, 405–414, 435–442 1903–1907 40 0 1949–1952 "Large Hopper"
395–404 1903 10 0 1951–1954
415–424 1904–1905 20 0 1951–1955 "Bulldog"
330–334 1905 5 0 1921–1924
736–745 1906–1907 10 0 1916–1918 "Potato Can"; four rebuilt 0-4-0T, others sold
335 1907 1 0 1914 "The Turkey"; rebuilt to H15 class
453–457 1908 5 0 1925 Rebuilt to N15 class
746–747, 82–84 1908 5 0 1948–1957 746 & 747 renumbered 101 & 147 in 1922
448–452 1910–1911 5 0 1925–1927 Rebuilt to N15 class
443–447, 458–462 1911–1912 10 0 1940–1951 "Paddlebox" or "Paddleboat"
463–472 1912–1913 10 0 1951–1956

Robert W. Urie (1912 - 1922)

Class Wheel
arrangement
Fleet
number(s)
Manufacturer Year made Quantity
made
Quantity
preserved
Year(s)
withdrawn
Comments
Robert W. Urie (1912–1922)
482–491 1914 10 0 1955–1961
335 1914 1 0 1959 Rebuilt from E14 class
473–478, 521–524 1925 10 0 1959–1961
330–334 1925 5 0 1959 Rebuilt from F13 class
736–745 1918–1919 10 0 1955–1958
746–755 1922–1923 10 0 1955–1957
448–457 1925 10 0 1958–1961 Rebuilt from P14 and G14 classes
763–792 1925 30 1 1958–1962 777 Sir Lamiel preserved
793–806 1926–1927 14 0 1959–1962 Built with 6-wheel tenders
496–515 1920–1921 20 2 1962–1964
823–837 1927–1928 15 3 1962–1965
838–847 1936 10 2 1963–1968
492–495 1921 4 0 1959–1962
516–520 1921–1922 5 0 1962

South Eastern Railway

Benjamin Cubitt (1842-1845)

No SER locomotives built – stock administered by the London and Croydon, South Eastern, and London and Brighton Joint Locomotive Committee.

James Cudworth (1845-1876)

John Ramsbottom (1876)

A. M. Watkin (1876)

Richard Mansell (1877-1878)

James Stirling (1878-1898)

Stirling, like his brother Patrick, built engineswith domeless boilers. Many, however, were rebuilt with domes in later years.

Class Wheel
arrangement
Date No. built Comments
1879-81 12
1878-99 122 58 rebuilt 1903-27 (Class O1)
2991880 3 Made by Beyer-Peacock. Of Metropolitan Railway type, sold to that company in 1884
3021881-96 2 Crane tanks, made by Neilson and Company
3131881 1 made by Manning Wardle
1881-97 118 First 12 fitted with condensers. 55 rebuilt 1903-19 (Class Q1)
1883-98 88 76 rebuilt 1903-19 (Class F1)
0-6-0T1888-98 25 13 rebuilt 1910-22 (Class R1)
3530-6-0T1890 1 made by Manning Wardle
B1898-9 29 27 rebuilt 1910-27 (Class B1)

London, Chatham and Dover Railway

Initially, LC&DR engines were given names, they only received numbers after 1874.

On the merger with the South Eastern in 1898, engine numbers were increased by 459, this being the highest number in use on that line.

Joseph Cubitt and Thomas Russell Crampton (1853–1860)

Class Wheel
arrangement
LCDR
number(s)
SECR
numbers
Manufacturer Year made Quantity
made
Quantity
preserved
Year(s)
withdrawn
Comments
Joseph Cubitt and Thomas Russell Crampton (1853–1860)
1858 6 0 1865
3–26 4A…10A,
470…485
1861–1862 24 0 1893–1907 Rebuilt as 2-4-0s in 1863–1865
27–31 486…490 1862 5 0 1896–1906 Rebuilt as conventional 4-4-0s in 1865–1866

Surplus and secondhand acquisitions (1860–1861)

Class Wheel
arrangement
LCDR
number(s)
SECR
numbers
Manufacturer Year made Quantity
made
Quantity
preserved
Year(s)
withdrawn
Comments
Surplus and secondhand acquisitions (1860–1861)
Meteor1855 2 0 1871–72 Bought May 1860; rebuilt as 2-2-2T in 1866.
Swale141 unknown unknown 1 0 1881 Bought June 1860; rebuilt as 0-6-0ST in 1865.
Magnus142 1860 1 0 1881 Bought June 1860; rebuilt as 0-4-2T and renamed Magnet in October 1860.
Hercules143–144 unknown 2 0 1881 Bought August 1860; rebuilt as 0-6-0ST in 1865.
71–74 1860–1861 4 0 1873
ex-LNWR 2-2-0s1838–1845 3 0 1863 Bought August 1860
1–2 460–461 1861 2 0 1903 Glasgow and South Western Railway design
Ruby65–70 1856 6 0 1889–1891 Bought June 1861 from the Dutch Rhenish Railway (Nos. 31–36); rebuilt as 2-4-0T in 1864–1865; renumbered 145–150 in 1875

William Martley (1860–1874)

Class Wheel
arrangement
LCDR
number(s)
SECR
numbers
Manufacturer Year made Quantity
made
Quantity
preserved
Year(s)
withdrawn
Comments
William Martley (1860–1874)
113–126 572–585 1861–62 14 0 1903–1908
Adrian127–132 586–591 1866 6 0 1907–1910
Huz133–134 (592–593) 1873 2 0 1902
71–74 530–533 1872–1873 4 0 1905–1909
Rose75–80 1863 6 0 1881–1883
59–64 518–523 1865 6 0 1909
Scotchmen81–94 540–553 1866 14 0 1904–1909
Large Scotchmen95–100 554–559 1873 6 0 1909–1914
Dawn32–37 491–496 1862 6 0 1904–1907
Bluebell38–43 497–502 1863 6 0 1904–1908
Reindeer44–49 503–508 1865 6 0 1904–1908
50–52 509–511 1869–1870 3 0 1905–1906
53–56 512–515 1873 4 0 1907–1909
57–58 516–517 1876 2 0 1908–1909

William Kirtley (1874–1898)

Class Wheel
arrangement
LCDR
number(s)
SECR
numbers
Manufacturer Year made Quantity
made
Quantity
preserved
Year(s)
withdrawn
Comments
William Kirtley (1874–1898)
65–70,
101–112
524–529,
560–571
1875 18 0 1915–1926
163–174 622–633 1880 12 0 1923–1926
75–80 534–539 1883–1884 6 0 1925–1926
199–216 658–675 1891 18 0 1940–1955
135–140 594–599 1876 6 0 1912–1915
151–156 610–615 1877 6 0 1912–1924
193–198 652–657 1891 6 0 1929–1933
141–150 600–609 1879–1891 10 0 1932–1951
157–162 616–621 1877 6 0 1911–1914
175–178 634–637 1880–1881 4 0 1912–1923
179–186 638–645 1884–1885 8 0 1912–1923
187–192,
3–8, (9–10),
12–17,
19, 20,
23–25, (26)
646–651,
462–469,
471–476,
478, 479,
482–485
1891–1900 26 0 1925–1928

South Eastern and Chatham Railway

Before 1899, both the South Eastern Railway and the London, Chatham and Dover Railway had some Crampton locomotives built by Robert Stephenson and Company. The SER also had some Cramptons built by Tulk and Ley.

H. S. Wainwright (1899 - 1913)

Class Wheel
arrangement
Date Builder No. Built Comments
1900 5 Originally built for the GNoSR
0-6-01900-4 SECR Ashford (70) 109 No. 685 converted to a saddle tank in 1917 (Class S)
1901-4 LCDR Longhedge (9)
1900 Neilson (15)
1900 Sharp Stewart (15)
0-4-4T1900 15
0-4-4T1904-15 66
1901 Sharp Stewart (10)51 21 rebuilt as Class D1 1921-7 (below)
1903 Stephenson (5)
1903 Vulcan Foundry (5)
1903 Dübs (10)
1901-7 SECR Ashford (21)
0-6-0T1876 1* LBSCR No. 54 'Waddon' was purchased from LBSCR in 1904 and numbered 751
1905-10 26 11 rebuilt as Class E1 1919-20 (below)
0-6-0T1909-10 8
1913 5
1914 Borsig (10) 22
1914 Beyer-Peacock (12)

R. E. L. Maunsell (1913 - 1922)

Class Wheel
arrangement
Date Builder No. Built Comments
2-6-01917-22 12 68 more built by SR 1923-33
2-6-01922 1 3 cylinder variant of Class N. 5 more built by Southern Railway in 1930
1917 1 "River" class. 20 more built by Southern Railway in 1925-6. All later converted to Class "U" tender engines.
0-6-0ST1917 1 Rebuild of Class C tender engine.
1919 1 Rebuilds of Class E
1920 10
1922-7 11 Rebuilds of Class D
1921 10

London, Brighton and South Coast Railway

See also: List of early locomotives of the London Brighton and South Coast Railway.

John Chester Craven (1847-1870)

See main article: List of Craven locomotives.

William Stroudley (1870 - 1889)

Many of these engines were later renumbered, frequently into the "duplicate" series above 600.

Orig. Class Later Class Wheel
arrangement !
Date No. built Loco Nos. Comments
18 1871 2 18, 21
C "Jumbo" 1871-4 20 77-96
A "Terrier" 1872-80 50 35-84 17 rebuilt as A1X, many sold to other railways
1872-5 6 201-7
1873 1 53 Built by Sharp Stewart
D 1873-87 125 1-36, 221-297, 351-362 1 rebuilt as Class D1X in 1910
E 1874-91 78 85-156, 159-64 1 rebuilt as Class E1X in 1911, 10 converted to 0-6-2T (Class E1R) by Southern Railway.
B 1874 1 151 "Grosvenor"
D "Lyons" 1876-83 14 300-313
F 1877 1 325 "Abergavenny"
1878-80 6 208-213
1880-2 24 327-350
C "Jumbo" 1882-7 12 421-432
B "Gladstone" 1882-91 36 172-200, 214-220
0-6-0T1884 1 157 "Barcelona"
F 1891 1 158 "West Brighton"

R. J. Billinton (1890 - 1904)

Class Wheel
arrangement
Date No. built Loco Nos. Comments
1892-6 36 363-398 396 and 397 rebuilt as Class D3X in 1909
0-6-01893-1902 55 433-452, 521-555 42 rebuilt as Class C2X 1908-40
1895-8 24 171, 201-212, 314-324 all rebuilt as Class B2X 1907-10
1898 1 213
1899-1902 33 42-74 12 rebuilt as Class B4X 1922-4
0-6-2T1894-5 16 165-170, 453-462 Similar to No. 158
0-6-2T1897-1903 75 463-520, 556-566, 577-582 4 rebuilt as Class E4X 1909-11
0-6-2T1902-4 30 399-406, 567-576, 583-594 4 rebuilt as Class E5X in 1911
0-6-2T1904-5 12 407-418 2 rebuilt as class E6X in 1911

D. Earle Marsh (1905 - 1911)

Class Wheel
arrangement
Date No. built Loco Nos.
1905-6 5 37-41
0-6-01906 10 300-309
1906-7 20 1-10,595-604
1907-8 10 11-20
1907-13 27 21-30,75-91
1908 5 31-35
1910 1 325
4-4-21911-2 6 421-6

L. B. Billinton (1911 - 1922)

Class Wheel
arrangement
Date No. built Loco Nos.
1912 1 326
1913-6 10 100-109
2-6-01913-21 17 337-353
1914-22 7 327-333

Following the grouping, LB&SCR locomotive numbers were prefixed with "B", but in 1931 the prefix was removed and 2000 added to the number.

Minor companies

Plymouth, Devonport and South Western Junction Railway

PD&SWJ
No.
Name Wheel
arrangement
SR
No.
Manufacturer Year made Year
withdrawn
Comments
3 A. S. Harris 756 1907 1951
4 Earl of Mount Edgcumbe 757 1907 1956
5 Lord St. Leven 757 1907 1958

Freshwater, Yarmouth and Newport Railway

FY&N<br>No. Wheel
arrangement
SR
No.
Manufacturer Year made Year
withdrawn
Comments
1 W1 1902 1932 align=left Acquired 1913
2 W2 1876 1963 align=left LB&SCR A1 class
acquired 1913; ex LSWR 734, ex LBSC 646, né LBSC 46

Isle of Wight Central Railway

IWCR
No.
Name Wheel
arrangement
SR
No.
Manufacturer Year made Year
withdrawn
Comments
1 (1st) Pioneer 1861 1904 align=left
2 (1st) Precursor 1861 1904 align=left
1 (2nd) 1906 1918 align=left
2 (2nd) 1895 1917 align=left Acquired 1909
3 Mill Hill 1870 1918 align=left
4 Cowes W4 1876 1925 align=left
5 Osborne W5 1876 1926 align=left
6 (1st) Newport 1861 1895 align=left Acquired 1875
6 (2nd) W6 1890 1926 align=left
7 (1st) Whippingham 1861 1906 align=left Acquired 1880
7 (2nd) W7 1882 1926 align=left Acquired 1906
8 W8 1898 1929 align=left
9 W9 18721927 align=left LB&SCR A1 class
acquired 1899; ex LBSC 75
10 W10 1874 1936 align=left LB&SCR A1 class
acquired 1900; ex LBSC 669, né LBSC 69
11 W11 1878 1963 align=left LB&SCR A1 class
acquired 1902; ex LBSC 40
12 W12 1880 1936 align=left LB&SCR A1 class
acquired 1903; ex LBSC 84

Isle of Wight Railway

Name Wheel
arrangement
SR
No.
Manufacturer Year made Year
withdrawn
Comments
Ryde W13 1864 1932 align=left
Sandown 1864 1923 align=left
Shanklin W14 1864 1927 align=left
Ventnor W15 1868 1925 align=left
Wroxhall W16 1872 1933 align=left
Brading W17 1876 1926 align=left
Bonchurch W18 1883 1928 align=left
Bembridge 1875 1917 align=left

Diesel and electric locomotives

Diesel shunters

Mainline diesels

Electric shunters

Mainline electric

References

Notes and References

  1. Book: Strickland, D.C. . Locomotive directory; every single one there has ever been . Diesel and Electric Group . Camberley . 1982 . 17 . 0-906375-10-X.