| Loch Alsh | |
| Location: | Wester Ross, Highland Region, Scotland |
| Pushpin Map: | Scotland |
| Coords: | 57.27°N -5.66°W |
| Lake Type: | Sea loch |
| Inflow: | Loch Long (Highlands), Loch Duich |
| Outflow: | Inner Sound, Scotland |
| Basin Countries: | Scotland |
| Length: | 12km (07miles) |
| Width: | 2.5km (01.6miles) |
| Elevation: | 0m (00feet) |
| Cities: | Kyle of Lochalsh, Ardelve, Balmacara |
Loch Alsh (Gaelic; Scottish Gaelic: Loch Aillse, "foaming lake"[1]) is a sea inlet between the isle of Skye in the Inner Hebrides and the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. The name is also used to describe the surrounding country and the feudal holdings around the loch. The area is rich in history, and is increasingly popular with tourists.
The hilly country around Loch Alsh has a temperate, well-watered climate. There is some pasture and woodland, but much of the area is moorland. The rocks are ancient Precambrian Gneiss, some of the oldest in the world, much eroded.
The loch runs inland about 12frac=2NaNfrac=2 from Kyle of Lochalsh to Ardelve. From there Loch Duich continues southeast another 100NaN0 to Shiel Bridge while Loch Long runs deeper into the mountains to the northeast. A narrow strait from the south of Loch Alsh leads to the Sound of Sleat that separates the Isle of Skye from the mainland. The loch is overlooked by Sgurr na Coinnich, which rises to 739m (2,425feet) on Skye. The mainland hills to the north reach 452m (1,483feet) at the summit of Auchtertyre Hill and 344m (1,129feet) on Sgurr Mor but are generally lower and slope gradually down to the west.
The ancient stronghold of Inverness is 50miles directly to the east over the Northwest Highlands.
The climate is temperate. Annual rainfall is around 2300mm per year and temperatures range from NaNC in January to NaNC in July and August. On any given day of the year rain is more likely than not.[2] Much of the countryside is moorland or pasture but there are lowland areas of deciduous forest with native birchwoods and oakwoods and some conifer plantations.[3] At one time the forest would have been more extensive, but the early inhabitants converted parts of it to crofts (small farms) and when the Highland Clearances destroyed the crofts the land was kept as pasture.[4]
The loch witnessed the last invasion on the UK by Spanish forces in 1719.[5]
The loch lies between hills just east of the Moine Thrust Belt, an unusual geological structure that runs from the Sleat peninsula in Skye on a northeast diagonal to Loch Eriboll on the north coast of Scotland.[6] In this area, geologists found in 1907 that younger rocks from the west lay below the older rocks of the east, a discovery that helped lead to the modern theory of mountain building. The Lewisian gneisses around Loch Alsh were formed in the Precambrian period, about 2,800 million years ago, while the volcanic rocks, gabbro and granite that make up most of Skye, and that in some places lie under the older gneisses, are just 55 million years old. The ancient metamorphic rocks around Loch Alsh have been heavily eroded over the years, most recently by a series of ice ages.[7]
In 2012, a large colony of flame shells was discovered in the loch following a Marine Scotland commissioned survey, carried out by Heriot-Watt University. The reef is thought to consist of over 100 million flame shells covering 75ha, making it the largest known reef of its kind in the UK.[8] [9] In order to protect the flame shell beds the loch has since 2014 formed part of a Nature Conservation Marine Protected Area (NCMPA).[10]