| Llanwrtyd | |
| Official Name: | Ecclesiastical Parish of Llanwrtyd |
| Type: | Parish |
| Coordinates: | 52.1159°N -3.6619°W |
| Pushpin Map: | Wales Powys |
| Subdivision Type1: | Country |
| Subdivision Name1: | Wales |
| Subdivision Type2: | Local government county |
| Subdivision Name2: | Powys |
| Subdivision Type3: | Historic county |
| Subdivision Name3: | Brecknockshire |
| Subdivision Type4: | Diocese |
| Subdivision Name4: | Swansea and Brecon |
| Blank Name Sec1: | Dedication |
| Blank Info Sec1: | St David |
| Blank1 Name Sec1: | OS grid reference |
| Blank2 Name Sec1: | Deposited registers |
| Blank2 Info Sec1: | 1748-1991 |
Llanwrtyd is a small settlement in Powys, mid-Wales, giving its name to a community, in the historic county of Brecknockshire (Breconshire), through which flows the River Irfon. It lies 1.5 miles north of the town of Llanwrtyd Wells.
Llanwrtyd was historically the centre of a much larger parish which included Llanwrtyd Wells. The name Llanwrtyd is shared with the ancient parish, and is also sometimes applied to Llanwrtyd Wells (particularly in Welsh). The current community includes Llanwrtyd Wells and Abergwesyn.
The Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust (CPAT) survey suggests that the name Llanwrtyd is a combination of church ("llan") and a name "Gwrtud" or "Gwrtyd", ("Gwrtyd's Church"). The present dedication to Saint David, in whose diocese the church stands, is likely later. The earliest documented reference, to "Llanworted", dates from 1543.[1] The traditional derivation of the name is given in the Reverend Thomas Morgan's Handbook of the Origin of Pace-names in Wales and Monmouthshire. This suggests the name comes from "Llanddewi wrth y rhyd" (David's church by the ford).[2] Again, tradition says that the church was founded by St David in the 6th century and the CPAT survey notes the curved boundary around the churchyard and its siting by a river, both features which indicate that the church was established before the Norman Conquest. The church was a chapel attached to Llangammarch.[1]
Llanwrtyd was an ancient parish, a curacy attached to the vicarage of Llangammarch.[3] The parish church of St David dates from the 11th century and is a Grade II* listed building.[4]
Theophilus Jones, in his A History of the County of Brecknock, was fairly disparaging of the parish; when describing the church he states "there is nothing deserving of notice in this miserable fabric, unless it be an inscription on the wall, to the memory of an old woman of the name of Jones."
In 1740 the curate in the parishes of Llanwrtyd, Llanfihangel Abergwesyn and Llanddewi Abergwesyn, was Wales' most famous hymn-writer William Williams Pantycelyn.[5]
The population in 1801 was about 500 which had risen to 854 by the 1901 census. After the coming of the railway in 1867 the parish played host to at least 12,000 visitors annually to drink the mineral waters at the sulphur springs about a mile and a half down river from the church, and the small town of Llanwrtyd Wells at the springs became the main population centre of the parish. In 1897 the church of St James was built in Llanwrtyd Wells.
Thomas Powel (1845–1922) was born in Llanwrtyd. He became a Welsh Celtic scholar and Professor of Celtic at University College, Cardiff from 1884 to 1918.
The parish became a civil parish (known in English as Llanwrtud),[6] but in 1871 the civil parish was renamed Llanwrtyd Wells. In 1894 Llanwrtyd Wells Urban District was formed. In 1907 the part of the parish outside the town of Llanwrtyd Wells was separated to form the new civil parish of Llanwrtyd Without.[7] When civil parishes and urban districts were abolished in Wales in 1974, Llanwrtyd Without and the urban district were reunited to form the community of Llanwrtyd Wells.