| Liverpool Institute High School for Boys | |
| Established: | 1825 |
| Closed: | 1985 |
| Type: | Grammar school |
| City: | Liverpool |
| County: | Merseyside |
| Country: | England |
| Local Authority: | Liverpool |
| Gender: | Boys |
| Lower Age: | 11 |
| Upper Age: | 18 |
| Website: | http://www.liobians.org |
| Liverpool Institute High School for Boys | |
| Location Town: | Liverpool |
| Location Country: | England |
| Construction Start Date: | 1825 |
The Liverpool Institute High School for Boys was an all-boys grammar school in the English port city of Liverpool.
The school had its origins in 1825 but occupied different premises while the money was found to build a dedicated building on Mount Street. The institute was first known as the Liverpool Mechanics' School of Arts. In 1832 the name was shortened to the Liverpool Mechanics' Institution. The façade of the listed building, the entrance hall and modified school hall remain after substantial internal reconstruction was completed in the early 1990s.
Its initial primary purpose as a mechanics' institute (one of many established about this time throughout the country) was to provide educational opportunities, mainly through evening classes, for working men. Lectures for the general public were also provided of wide interest covering topics ranging from Arctic exploration to Shakespeare and philosophy. Luminaries like Charles Dickens, Anthony Trollope and Ralph Waldo Emerson delivered talks and readings in the main lecture hall (now the architecturally restructured Sir Paul McCartney Auditorium of LIPA).
By 1840 the Institution offered evening classes, lectures, a library and a boys' lower and upper school. By the 1850s a formal art school was evolving from the evening classes and in 1856 this diversity was recognised by another name change – The Liverpool Institute and School of Arts.
A girls' school was founded and opened in 1844 under the name Liverpool Institute High School for Girls. It was housed in a merchant's mansion across the street from the boys' school in Blackburne House provided by the generosity of George Holt[1] and which was later (1872) donated to the school by his family in his memory. The school was one of the first which was open to the public in the country established exclusively for the education of girls.
In 1905 the Liverpool City Council took over the management of the secondary schools when the LI Board of Governors presented the school and assets to the City. From then until its closure in 1985, the school was formally known as The Liverpool Institute High School for Boys or more familiarly as The Institute or The Inny to its pupils.
It was an English grammar school for boys ages 11 to 18 with an excellent academic reputation built up over more than a century. Its list of scholarships and places at Oxford and Cambridge runs to some 300 names – in addition to distinctions gained at the University of Liverpool and many other prominent British universities. The school was a true measure of Liverpool's intellectual capital, and its old boys could and can be found in later life in many fields of professional distinction including the law, the Church, armed forces, politics, academia, government and colonial administration as well as in trade and commerce.[2]
In the 1950s, two of the future Beatles, Paul McCartney and George Harrison, were educated at the school.[3]
The school was closed by the city council in 1985. The Labour Party nationally opposed grammar schools – see Anthony Crosland's Circular of September 1965 required that Local Authorities bring forward schemes for comprehensive secondary education. As grammar school pupils were selected by examination at age 11, there was a long-standing push towards 'comprehensive schools' (as non-selective schools were known) from that party when it took majority control of the City Council in 1983. Demand for secondary school places in the City had also dropped precipitously and there was a huge oversupply of school space as Liverpool's population contracted during the severe economic recession of the early 1980s.
The Deputy Leader of the Labour (Militant) Group on Council at the time was a former LI schoolboy Derek Hatton who had left without academic distinction in 1964 and with strong feelings of dislike towards the school.[4] However the man who was Chair of the Educational Committee at the time of the decision to close the school was Dominic Brady, whose qualifications for his position amounted to being a former school caretaker.
After closure, the building stood empty and neglected, the roof leaking and the walls crumbling. In 1987 it was announced that the LI Trust (under control of Liverpool Council's Education Department) would grant use of the building and site to a new educational establishment. Paul McCartney had returned to his old school in 1979, when with the band Wings he had played a concert at the Royal Court Theatre, Liverpool. After the school's closure in 1985, McCartney returned one night to reminisce about his school days, while he was writing his 'Liverpool Oratorio'. This visit is captured in 'Echoes'; a DVD which accompanies the Liverpool Oratoria box set. McCartney was determined to save the building somehow and during a conversation with Sir George Martin, the idea of a 'fame school' emerged as Martin was helping Mark Featherstone-Witty start a London secondary school with an innovative curriculum. McCartney and Featherstone-Witty joined forces to create the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts (LIPA) opening in 1996. The new company took over the Liverpool Institute Trust which had its origins in 1905.
The building was rebuilt (entirely in parts) behind its old façade and re-opened in 1996 under LIPA's name. The new institute is affiliated with Liverpool John Moores University and is no longer a Liverpool secondary school.
The city's Art College had its origins as part of the Liverpool Institute. In 1883 a new building housing the School of Art was opened around the corner on Hope Street, adjacent to the principal building housing the High School on Mount Street. The Art College by which it was later known, took in talented students often without formal academic credentials (e.g. John Lennon) and the college eventually became one of the four constituent parts of the Liverpool Polytechnic in 1970 and later in 1992 Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU) with the School of Art and Design being housed in the Art and Design Academy.
Music and musical performances were a constant theme throughout the life of the school and the Mount St. building. Annual school Speech Day concerts (held in the fine acoustics of Philharmonic Hall, Liverpool), choirs, the organ, piano, music classes and the singing of daily devotional hymns have echoed around its walls for 170 years and continue to do so at LIPA:
composer and arts administrator[5]
| Name | Joined/left | Born/died | Known for | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| George William Parker | 1860–1926 | Chief Officer of the Belfast Fire Brigade, Chief Officer of the Manchester Fire Brigade, designer of London Road Fire Stationin Manchester (1899), and "the architect of the world's fire service". | ||
| Francis Neilson-Butters | 1867–1961 | MP for the Hyde Division of Cheshire 1910–1916. Writer and historian. | ||
| Charles, Viscount Wakefield | 12 December 1859 – 15 January 1941 | English businessman who founded the Castrol lubricants company, was lord mayor of London and was a significant philanthropist. | ||
| Sir Walter de Frece | 1870–1935 | Theatre impresario and MP | ||
| Sir Richard Burn | 1871–1947 | Civil servant, historian and numismatist | ||
| Alfred James Ewart | 1872–1937 | Professor of Botany and Plant Physiology in the University of Melbourne from 1906 to 1921 | ||
| John Hay | 1873–1959 | former president of the Royal Microscopical Society, and former Professor of Medicine at the University of Liverpool | ||
| Franklin Dyall | 1874–1950 | Actor | ||
| Prof Charles Glover Barkla | 1877–1944 | Nobel Prize in Physics 1917 "for his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements",[7] Wheatstone Professor of Physics from 1909 to 1913 at King's College London, and discovered most properties of X-ray scattering, fluorescence, polarisation, and transmission through matter. | ||
| Sydney Silverman | c. 1911–1915 | 1895–1968 | Labour MP from 1935 to 1968 for Nelson and Colne. He brought in a private Member's Bill in 1965 to suspend the death penalty[8] | |
| James Laver | 1899–1975 | Art historian | ||
| Arthur Askey | 1911–1916 | 1900–1982 | Comedian and broadcaster. | |
| Sir Malcolm Knox | 1900–80 | Professor of Moral Philosophy from 1936 to 1953 at the University of St Andrews, and Principal of the university from 1953 to 1966 | ||
| Sir Frank Francis | 1901–1988 | Director of the British Museum, 1959–1968 | ||
| Lindley M. Fraser | 1904–63 | Jaffrey Professor of Political Economy from 1935 to 1940 at the University of Aberdeen, Head of German and Austrian Services at the BBC from 1946 to 1963 | ||
| Frank Redington | 1906–84 | Head Boy 1925; Cambridge University (Wrangler); Chief Actuary of Prudential Insurance 1951–1968; Winner of the Gold Medal of the Institute of Actuaries in honour of "actuarial work of pre-eminent importance". | ||
| Prof William Kneale | 1906–90 | White's Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Oxford, 1960–6. Author of Probability and Induction | ||
| Donald MacAlister | 1907–29 | Scottish physician who was Principal and Vice-Chancellor and, later, Chancellor of the University of Glasgow | ||
| Alan Robertson | 1920–89 | Chemist. Animal breeding and genetics | ||
| Alan Durband | 1938–1944 | 1927–93 | Pupil who returned as a teacher, one of the founders of the Liverpool Everyman Theatre and the New Shakespeare Theatre, Liverpool | |
| Ronald Oxburgh, Baron Oxburgh | 1944–1952 | 1934– | Chair of Royal Dutch Shell PLC, 2003 to 2005.[9] | |
| Peter Sissons | 1953–1961 | 1942–2019 | News broadcaster | |
| Paul McCartney | 1953–1958 | 1942– | The Beatles, Wings | |
| George Harrison | 1954–1959 | 1943–2001 | The Beatles | |
| Steve Norris | 1956–1963 | 1945– | MP for Oxford East, 1983–1987; Epping Forest, 1988–1997. Conservative candidate for London mayoralty, 2000 and 2004. | |
| Bill Kenwright | 1957–1964 | 1945–2023 | Theatre impresario |