Little Russia Governorate (1764–1781) should not be confused with Little Russia Governorate (1796–1802).
| Native Name: | Малороссийская губерния |
| Conventional Long Name: | Malorossiya Governorate |
| Common Name: | Malorossiya |
| Subdivision: | Governorate |
| Nation: | the Russian Empire |
| Year Start: | 1764 |
| Date Start: | 12 December |
| Year End: | 1781 |
| Date End: | 27 February |
| Title Leader: | Governor |
| Leader1: | Pyotr Rumyantsev[1] |
| Year Leader1: | 1764–1781 |
| Legislature: | Little Russian Collegium |
| P1: | Cossack Hetmanate |
| Flag P1: | Flag of the Cossack Hetmanat.svg |
| Border P1: | no |
| S1: | Kiev Viceroyalty |
| Flag S1: | Flag of Russia.svg |
| S2: | Chernigov Governorate |
| Flag S2: | Flag of Russia.svg |
| S3: | Novgorod-Seversky Viceroyalty |
| Flag S3: | Flag of Russia.svg |
| Capital: | |
| Political Subdiv: | regiments (polks) |
| Today: | Chernihiv Oblast, Bryansk Oblast, Kyiv Oblast, Poltava Oblast, Cherkasy Oblast, Sumy Oblast, Kharkiv Oblast |
The First Little Russia Governorate or Malorossiya Governorate, was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1764-1781. It was created after the abolition of Cossack Hetmanate and was governed by Pyotr Rumyantsev.
With another administrative reform of 1781 the governorate and its subdivisions (regiments) were liquidated and replaced with vice-royalties divided into counties (uezds).
The governorate was divided into 10 regiments (polk) which were equivalent to counties (uezd).
Until 1767 the coat of arms for the governorate was Cossack with musket when it was replaced with the Russian double headed eagle.