List of years in animation explained

1860s

1870s

1880s

1890s

1900s

1910s

1920s

1930s

1940s

1950s

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

See also

External References

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Medals and Honourable Mentions Awarded by the International Juries: With a .... 10 April 1862. Her Majesty's Commissioners. Internet Archive.
  2. Book: Zone, Ray. Stereoscopic Cinema and the Origins of 3-D Film, 1838-1952. 3 February 2014. University Press of Kentucky. 9780813145891. Google Books.
  3. Book: Hunt, Robert. Handbook to the industrial department of the International exhibition, 1862. 1862.
  4. Web site: Chambers's Encyclopaedia: A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge for the People. April 10, 1868. W. and R. Chambers. Google Books.
  5. Book: The Illustrated London News. 1863. Illustrated London News & Sketch Limited. 19.
  6. Book: Babbage, Charles . Passages from the Life of a Philosopher . Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, & Green . 1864 . 189 .
  7. http://www.musoptin.com/kruess_1592.html "Mikroskop, A. Krüss Hamburg"
  8. Veras . Christine . April 23, 2022 . Reanimating the History and the Forgotten Characteristics of the Zoetrope . Animation. 17 . 26–48 . 10.1177/17468477221085412 . 248367347 . SAGE.
  9. Web site: Toy patent . docs.google.com . 1867 .
  10. Herbert, Stephen. (n.d.) From Daedaleum to Zoetrope, Part 1. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
  11. Herbert, Stephen. (n.d.) From Daedaleum to Zoetrope, Part 1. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
  12. Veras . Christine . April 23, 2022 . Reanimating the History and the Forgotten Characteristics of the Zoetrope . Animation. 17 . 26–48 . 10.1177/17468477221085412 . 248367347 . SAGE.
  13. Web site: Toy patent . docs.google.com . 1867 .
  14. Book: Maxwell, James Clerk. The Scientific Letters and Papers of James Clerk Maxwell. May 18, 1995. CUP Archive. 9780521256261. Google Books.
  15. Web site: Le Cosmos; revue des sciences et de leurs applications. April 10, 1869. Google Books.
  16. Web site: Projection Phenakistoscope 1 . Stephen . Herbert . www.stephenherbert.co.uk . 19 July 2016.
  17. Web site: Ross 'Wheel of Life' magic lantern slide . Science Museum Group . London . 4 June 2017.
  18. Book: Musser, Charles . The Emergence of Cinema: The American Screen to 1907 . 1 . 47 . University of California Press . 1990 . 9780520085336 . 4 June 2017.
  19. Rossell. Deac. The Exhibition of Moving Pictures before 1896 . KINtop: Jahrbuch zur Erforschung des frühenFilms . 2006 . en.
  20. http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/publications/pdf_publications/fortherecordwinter07.pdf Newsletter of the Illinois State Archives & The Illinois State Historical Records Advory Board
  21. http://www.cix.co.uk/~mhayhurst/jdhayhurst/pigeon/pigeon.html The Pigeon Post into Paris 1870 - 1871 by J.D. Hayhurst O.B.E. Prepared in digital format by Mark HayhurstmCopyright ©1970 John Hayhurst
  22. https://books.google.com/books?id=VYyldcYfq3MC&dq=microscopic+jewels+stanhope&pg=RA1-PA94 The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography: Digital Imaging, Theory and Applications, History, and Science
  23. http://www.srlf.ucla.edu/exhibit/text/Chronology.htm CHRONOLOGY OF MICROFILM DEVELOPMENTS 1800  - 1900
  24. Web site: Eadweard Muybridge and His Influence on Horse Art . Your-guide-to-gifts-for-horse-lovers.com . 9 April 2012.
  25. Mitchell Leslie . May–June 2001 . The Man Who Stopped Time . Stanford Magazine . 28 May 2019.
  26. Book: Nail . Thomas . Theory of the Image . 2019 . Oxford University Press . 978-0190924058 . 279 . 14 June 2023 . en.
  27. Book: Viscomi . Rick . Davies . Andy . Duran . Marcel . Using WebPageTest: Web Performance Testing for Novices and Power Users . 2015 . O'Reilly Media, Inc. . 978-1491902806 . en.
  28. 2012-05-05 . 1874 Pierre Jules César Janssen - Passage artificiel de Venus sur le Soleil . magical media museum . . 2021-08-10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210717194344/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LowU9vKZzJs . 2021-07-17 . live.
  29. Web site: La "photographie du temps" avant le cinéma . French . "Time photography" before cinema. www.jf-doucet.com. 2016-02-20. Jean-François. Doucet.
  30. The 1874 Transit of Venus Observed in Japan by the French, and Associated Relics . adsabs.harvard.edu. 2006JAHH....9..167D . 2016-08-01. Débarbat . Suzanne . Launay . Françoise . Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage . 2006 . 9 . 2 . 167 .
  31. The Brazilian contribution to the observation of the transit of Venus. adsabs.harvard.edu. 2005tvnv.conf..154R. Rogério De Freitas Mourão. Ronaldo. IAU Colloq. 196: Transits of Venus: New Views of the Solar System and Galaxy. 2005. 2004. 154. 10.1017/S1743921305001353. 140645257. free.
  32. Web site: Revolver fotográfico IDIS. proyectoidis.org. en-US. 2018-11-30.
  33. Sigmund. Exner. Über das Sehen von Bewegungen und die Theorie des zusammengesetzten Auges in . Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. V.71-72. 1875. 363. 2020-12-12. HathiTrust. en.
  34. The Myth of Persistence of Vision Revisited . Anderson, Joseph . Anderson, Barbara . 1993 . Journal of Film and Video . 45 . 1 . 3–12 . 20687993.
  35. Web site: Le Praxinoscope. emilereynaud.fr. fr. 2019-07-25.
  36. Book: Brunn. edited by Stanley D.. Cutter. Susan L.. Susan Cutter . Harrington. J.W. Jr.. Geography and technology. 31 March 2004. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht. 978-1402018718. 274.
  37. Book: Chandramouli, Magesh . 3D Modeling & Animation: A Primer . CRC Press . 2021 . 9781498764926 . 181.
  38. Web site: Le Praxinoscope à projection. emilereynaud.fr. fr. 2019-07-25.
  39. Laurent Mannoni, The great art of light and shadow : archaeology of the cinema (1995)
  40. Book: Reynaud, Émile. Brevet d'invention N° 194 482. 1888-12-01.
  41. Web site: Le Praxinoscope à projection. emilereynaud.fr. fr. 2019-07-25.
  42. Web site: Eadward Muybridge (1830–1904) . International Photography Hall of Fame . February 3, 2010.
  43. Book: Lipton, Lenny . The Cinema in Flux: The Evolution of Motion Picture Technology from the Magic Lantern to the Digital Era . 2021-04-07 . Springer Nature . 978-1-0716-0951-4 . en.
  44. Web site: Compleat Eadweard Muybridge - Muy Blog 2009. www.stephenherbert.co.uk . https://web.archive.org/web/20180119060646/http://www.stephenherbert.co.uk/muy%20blog3.htm . January 19, 2018.
  45. Book: Brookman, Philip. Helios : Eadweard Muybridge in a time of change. 2010. Steidl. [Göttingen, Germany]. 9783865219268. 91. Marta Braun . Andy Grundberg . Corey Keller . Rebecca Solnit .
  46. Tomkins, Calvin (1996). Duchamp: A Biography. U.S.: Henry Holt and Company, Inc.
  47. http://www2.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/marey/?do=fic&idn=P345 Étienne-Jules Marey, La Science du mouvement et l'image du temps
  48. Brian Clegg The Man Who Stopped Time: The Illuminating Story of Eadweard Muybridge : Pioneer Photographer, Father of the Motion Picture, Murderer, Joseph Henry Press, 2007
  49. Web site: Motion Pictures: The Zoopraxiscope . Tate Museum . 26 February 2022.
  50. Web site: Eadweard Muybridge: Animal Locomotion . Huxley-Parlor Gallery . 2017 . 27 February 2022.
  51. Book: Stulman Dennett. Andrea. Weird and Wonderful: The Dime Museum in America. October 1997. NYU Press. 978-0814718865. 50.
  52. Rossell. Deac. The Magic Lantern and Moving Images before 1800. Barockberichte. 2005. 40/41.
  53. Book: Eadweard Muybridge . E. Muybridge, Animals in motion. An electro-photographic investigation of consecutive phases of animal progressive movements, 1899 . 1899 . Chapman & Hall . Mart - Archivio del '900.
  54. Web site: A new way of thinking about motion, movement, and the concept of time . Penn Today . 17 February 2020 . University of Pennsylvania . 26 February 2022.
  55. Book: Brookman . Philip . Braun . Marta . Keller . Corey . Solnit . Rebecca . Helios: Eadweard Muybridge in a Time of Change . 2010 . Steidl . Germany . 978-3-86521-926-8 . 83 . 27 February 2022.
  56. Web site: Eadweard Muybridge: Defining Modernities . Arts and Humanities Research Council, Kingston University, London . 26 February 2022.
  57. Web site: Motion Pictures: The Zoopraxiscope . Tate Museum . 26 February 2022.
  58. Catalogue, Henri Rivière: The Thirty-Six Views of the Eiffel Tower (1888-1902), Watermarks Gallery, Pittsboro, NC, 1995.
  59. Phillip Dennis Cate and Mary Shaw (eds), The Spirit of Montmartre: Cabarets, Humor and the Avant-Garde, 1875-1905, Rutgers University Press, 1996, pp.55-58 excerpted on line as Henri Riviere: Le Chat noir and 'Shadow Theatre'.
  60. Book: Jouvanceau, Pierre . The Silhouette Film . trans. Kitson . 2004 . Pagine di Chiavari . Le Mani . . 88-8012-299-1 .
  61. Book: Muybridge . Eadweard . Animal locomotion: an electro-photographic investigation of consecutive phases of animal movements: prospectus and catalogue of plates . 1887 . Philadelphia: Printed by J.B. Lippincott company.
  62. Web site: Eadweard Muybridge: Animal Locomotion . Huxley-Parlor Gallery . 2017 . 27 February 2022.
  63. Web site: Campany . David . Moving with the times: Eadweard Muybridge I . Tate Museum . 26 February 2022.
  64. Web site: Legacy . 4 December 2013 . Muybridge the Movie . 26 February 2022.
  65. Web site: Infamy and Influence . 23 February 2016 . Cleveland Institute of Art . 26 February 2022.
  66. Web site: Eadweard Muybridge . Kingston Heritage Service . 26 February 2022.
  67. Book: Reynaud, Émile. Brevet d'invention N° 194 482. 1888-12-01.
  68. Web site: Charles-Émile Reynaud . Who's Who of Victorian Cinema . 2007-03-11.
  69. Web site: Théâtre optique (Reconstitution) (AP-95-1724) - Collection - Catalogue des appareils cinématographiques - la Cinémathèque française.
  70. Book: Tissandier, Gaston. Le Théâtre optique de M. Reynaud. 1892-07-23.
  71. Web site: The moving picture shows of Émile Reynaud | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
  72. Web site: Charles-Émile Reynaud . Who's Who of Victorian Cinema . 2007-03-11.
  73. Web site: COMPLEAT EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE - MUY BLOG 2009. www.stephenherbert.co.uk. 2018-01-20.
  74. Web site: Autour d'une cabine (Around a Bathing Hut). 2021-05-22.
  75. Web site: The Optical Theater. 2021-05-22.
  76. 2012-06-15. Romeo and Juliet. 10.5040/9781580819015.01. Romeo and Juliet .
  77. Book: Crafton, Donald. Emile Cohl, Caricature, and Film. July 14, 2014. Princeton University Press. Google Books. 9781400860715.
  78. Richard Rickitt: Special Effects: The History and Technique, Billboard Books; 2nd edition, 2007; ISBN 0-8230-8408-6
  79. Berthier, Auguste (May 16 and 23, 1896). "Images stéréoscopiques de grand format" (in French). Cosmos 34 (590, 591): 205–210, 227-233 (see 229–231)
  80. Frierson. Michael. 1993. The Invention of Plasticine and the Use of Clay in Early Motion Pictures. Film History. 5. 2. 142–157. 27670717. 0892-2160.
  81. Web site: Bing. www.zinnfiguren-bleifiguren.com. de.
  82. Book: Litten, Frederick S.. Animated Film in Japan until 1919. Western Animation and the Beginnings of Anime.
  83. Book: Litten, Frederick S.. Japanese color animation from ca. 1907 to 1945 . 17 June 2014.
  84. Book: Brownie, Barbara. Transforming Type: New Directions in Kinetic Typography. 2014-12-18. Bloomsbury Publishing. 978-0-85785-533-6. en.
  85. Crafton (2015), p. 223
  86. Stewart (2021), p. 13-15
  87. Dobson (2010), p. xxiv
  88. Niver (1985), p. 113
  89. Book: Ives, Frederic . A novel stereogram . 1902.
  90. Web site: US725567.pdf. docs.google.com.
  91. Book: Timby, Kim. 3D and Animated Lenticular Photography . 9783110448061 . 2015-07-31 . Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG .
  92. U.S. Patent 725,567 "Parallax Stereogram and Process of Making Same", application filed 25 September 1902, patented 14 April 1903
  93. Web site: Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences / publiés... par MM. les secrétaires perpétuels. Académie des sciences (France) Auteur du. texte. March 14, 1910. Gallica.
  94. de Vries, Mul (2009), p. 323
  95. Crafton (2014), p. 130
  96. Book: Niver . Kemp R. . The First Twenty Years: A Segment of Film History . 1968 . Locare Research Group . 90 . 1 February 2024.
  97. Book: Niver . Kemp R. . The First Twenty Years: A Segment of Film History . 1968 . Locare Research Group . 92 . 1 February 2024.