List of world champion football clubs explained

This list includes the official (de jure) world champion football clubs recognized by FIFA. The official competitions that grant this title are the Intercontinental Cup (1960–2004) and the FIFA Club World Cup (2000, 2005–present).

Competitions

Intercontinental Cup

The Intercontinental Cup, also known as European/South American Cup, was an official international football competition endorsed by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and the Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (CONMEBOL),[1] [2] [3] contested between representative clubs from these confederations, usually the winners of the European Champions' Cup (now known as the UEFA Champions League), and the South American Copa Libertadores. The competition was played by representative clubs of most developed continents in the football world; has since been replaced by the FIFA Club World Cup. All editions were official UEFA and CONMEBOL competitions,[4] [5] and indirectly also of FIFA.[6] [7] [8] [9] From its formation in 1960 to 1979, the competition was contested over a two-legged tie, with a playoff if necessary until 1968, and penalty kicks later. During the 1970s, European participation in the Intercontinental Cup became a running question due to controversial events in the 1969 final,[10] and some European Champions Club' winner teams withdrew.[11] From 1980 until 2004, the competition was contested over a single match held in Japan and sponsored by multinational automaker Toyota, which offered a secondary trophy (that flanked the original), the Toyota Cup.[12]

Throughout the history of football, various attempts have been made to organise a tournament that identifies "the best club team in the world" – such as the Football World Championship, the Lipton Trophy, the Pequeña Copa del Mundo - due to FIFA's lack of interest or inability to organise club competitions.[13] The closest thing that happened was the 1957 Tournoi de Paris, which brought together the only continental champions of the time and which served as inspiration for the Intercontinental Cup. The Intercontinental Cup is considered by FIFA as the official predecessor[14] to the FIFA Club World Cup, which was held for the first time in 2000.[15]

All the winning teams were regarded by worldwide mass media and the football community, FIFA included (as News Center productions and not cataloged on the FIFA website as official entity documents),[16] as "world champions" de facto.[17] [18] [19] [20] On 27 October 2017, the FIFA Council, while not promoting statistical unification between the Intercontinental Cup and the Club World Cup, in respect to the history of the two tournaments[21] (which merged in 2005),[22] has officialised (de jure) the title of the Intercontinental Cup, recognising all the winners as official club world champions,[23] [24] [25] with the same title of the FIFA Club World Cup winners, or "FIFA Club World Champions".[26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33]

FIFA Club World Cup

FIFA Club World Cup is an international men's association football competition organised by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The tournament officially assigns the world title.[34] The competition was first contested in 2000 as the FIFA Club World Championship. It was not held between 2001 and 2004 due to a combination of factors, most importantly the collapse of FIFA's marketing partner International Sport and Leisure.[35] Since 2005, the competition has been held every year, and has been hosted by Brazil, Japan, the United Arab Emirates and Morocco. The FIFA Club World Cup's prestige is perceived quite differently in different parts of the football world; while it is widely regarded as the most distinguished club-level trophy in South America,[36] [37] it struggles to attract interest in most of Europe compared to the UEFA Champions League and commonly lacks recognition as a high-ranking contest.[38] [39]

The first FIFA Club World Championship took place in Brazil in 2000. but the failure of ISL caused FIFA to discontinue the tournament and cancel the following year competition to be held in Spain. This first failed installment ran parallel with the Intercontinental Cup (also known as European/South American Cup), a competition organized jointly by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and the Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (CONMEBOL) first disputed in 1960 by the winners of the European Champions Cup and the Copa Libertadores. FIFA finally managed to buy the prestigious Japanese Event and in 2005, after the Intercontinental Cup's last edition, that competition was merged with FIFA. The failed FIFA Club World Cup's first edition was renamed as "FIFA Club World Championship" and a new Trophy replaced the Intercontinental Cup Trophy as well as the Toyota Cup. In 2006, the tournament took its current name.

The current format of the tournament involves seven teams competing for the title at venues within the host nation over a period of about two weeks; the winners of that year's AFC Champions League (Asia), CAF Champions League (Africa), CONCACAF Champions League (North America), Copa Libertadores (South America), OFC Champions League (Oceania) and UEFA Champions League (Europe), along with the host nation's national champions, participate in a straight knock-out tournament. The host nation's national champions dispute a play-off against the Oceania champions, from which the winner joins the champions of Asia, Africa, and North America at the quarter-finals. The quarter-final winners go on to face the European and South American champions, who enter the semi-final stage, for a place in the final. In Europe the tournament is almost ignored by the mass media, also because of its sporting level, considered inferior to the Intercontinental Cup,[40] indeed when the sides used to meet in a one-off game in Japan (and even before), this was still a fair fight. The opening up of the global market in football has changed the balance. These days the best South Americans (and the stars from all the other continents) are usually playing in Europe.[41] [42]

Results by year

Intercontinental Cup

width=4% Yearwidth=7% Countrywidth=15%Winnerswidth=10% Scorewidth=15%Runners-upwidth=7% Countrywidth=20%Venuewidth=20%Locationwidth=2% Refs
1960 SpainReal Madrid0–0PeñarolEstadio CentenarioMontevideo, Uruguay[43]
5–1Santiago BernabéuMadrid, Spain
1961Peñarol0–1BenficaEstádio da LuzLisbon, Portugal[44]
5–0Estadio CentenarioMontevideo, Uruguay
align=center bgcolor="#D0F0C0"2–1‡Montevideo, Uruguay
1962 BrazilSantos3–2BenficaEstádio do MaracanãRio de Janeiro, Brazil[45]
5–2Estádio da LuzLisbon, Portugal
1963 BrazilSantos2–4Milan ItalySan SiroMilan, Italy[46]
4–2Estádio do MaracanãRio de Janeiro, Brazil
align=center bgcolor="#D0F0C0"1–0‡
1964 ItalyInternazionale0–1Independiente ArgentinaLa Doble ViseraAvellaneda, Argentina[47]
2–0San SiroMilan, Italy
align=center bgcolor="#D0F0C0"1–0 ‡Santiago BernabéuMadrid, Spain
1965 ItalyInternazionale3–0Independiente ArgentinaSan SiroMilan, Italy[48]
0–0La Doble ViseraAvellaneda, Argentina
1966Peñarol2–0Real Madrid SpainEstadio CentenarioMontevideo, Uruguay[49]
2–0Santiago BernabéuMadrid, Spain
1967Racing0–1CelticHampden ParkGlasgow, Scotland[50]
2–1El CilindroAvellaneda, Argentina
align=center bgcolor="#D0F0C0"1–0‡Estadio CentenarioMontevideo, Uruguay
1968 ArgentinaEstudiantes1–0Manchester UnitedEstadio Boca JuniorsBuenos Aires, Argentina[51]
1–1Old TraffordManchester, England
1969 ItalyMilan3–0Estudiantes ArgentinaSan SiroMilan, Italy[52]
1–2Estadio Boca JuniorsBuenos Aires, Argentina
1970Feyenoord2–2Estudiantes ArgentinaEstadio Boca JuniorsBuenos Aires, Argentina[53]
1–0De KuipRotterdam, Netherlands
1971Nacional1–1Panathinaikos
  1. 1
Karaiskakis StadiumPiraeus, Greece[54]
2–1Estadio CentenarioMontevideo, Uruguay
1972Ajax1–1Independiente ArgentinaLa Doble ViseraAvellaneda, Argentina[55]
3–0Olympic StadiumAmsterdam, Netherlands
1973 ArgentinaIndependiente1–0Juventus
  1. 2
 ItalyStadio OlimpicoRome, Italy[56]
Second leg was not played. Independiente declared winner.
1974 SpainAtlético Madrid
  1. 3
0–1Independiente ArgentinaLa Doble ViseraAvellaneda, Argentina[57]
2–0Estadio Vicente CalderónMadrid, Spain
1975 Bayern Munich and Independiente did not find compatible schedule to play.[58]
1976Bayern Munich2–0Cruzeiro BrazilOlympiastadionMunich, West Germany[59]
0–0MineirãoBelo Horizonte, Brazil
1977 ArgentinaBoca Juniors2–2Borussia Mönchengladbach
  1. 4
Estadio Boca JuniorsBuenos Aires, Argentina[60]
3–0WildparkstadionKarlsruhe, West Germany
1978 Liverpool declined to play the match against Boca Juniors due to scheduling problems.
1979Olimpia1–0Malmö FF
  1. 5
 SwedenMalmö StadionMalmö, Sweden[61]
2–1Defensores del ChacoAsunción, Paraguay
1980Nacional1–0Nottingham ForestNational StadiumTokyo, Japan[62]
1981 BrazilFlamengo3–0Liverpool[63]
1982Peñarol2–0Aston Villa[64]
1983 BrazilGrêmioalign=center bgcolor="#FBCEB1"2–1 Hamburger SV[65]
1984 ArgentinaIndependiente1–0Liverpool[66]
1985 ItalyJuventusalign=center bgcolor=#cedff22–2 Argentinos Juniors Argentina[67]
1986 ArgentinaRiver Plate1–0Steaua București Romania[68]
1987Portoalign=center bgcolor="#FBCEB1"2–1 Peñarol[69]
1988Nacionalalign=center bgcolor=#cedff22–2 PSV Eindhoven[70]
1989 ItalyMilanalign=center bgcolor="#FBCEB1"1–0 Atlético Nacional Colombia[71]
1990 ItalyMilan3–0Olimpia[72]
1991Red Star Belgrade3–0Colo-Colo[73]
1992 BrazilSão Paulo2–1Barcelona Spain[74]
1993 BrazilSão Paulo3–2Milan
  1. 6
 Italy[75]
1994 ArgentinaVélez Sársfield2–0Milan[76]
1995Ajaxalign=center bgcolor=#cedff20–0 Grêmio Brazil[77]
1996 ItalyJuventus1–0River Plate Argentina[78]
1997Borussia Dortmund2–0Cruzeiro Brazil[79]
1998 SpainReal Madrid2–1Vasco da Gama[80]
1999Manchester United1–0Palmeiras[81]
2000 ArgentinaBoca Juniors2–1Real Madrid Spain[82]
2001Bayern Munichalign=center bgcolor="#FBCEB1"1–0 Boca Juniors Argentina[83]
2002 SpainReal Madrid2–0OlimpiaInternational StadiumYokohama, Japan[84]
2003 ArgentinaBoca Juniorsalign=center bgcolor=#cedff21–1 Milan Italy[85]
2004Portoalign=center bgcolor=#cedff2Once Caldas Colombia[86]

Notes

FIFA Club World Cup

Annual tournament

Key to the table
Match was won after extra time
Match was won via a penalty shoot-out
EditionSeasonHostsChampionsScoreRunners-upThird placeScoreFourth placeRef.
12000 Corinthians0–0 Vasco da Gama Necaxa1–1 Real Madrid[89] [90]
22005 São Paulo1–0 Liverpool Saprissa3–2 Al Ittihad[91] [92]
32006 Internacional1–0 Barcelona Al Ahly2–1 América[93] [94]
42007 Milan4–2 Boca Juniors Urawa Red Diamonds2–2 Étoile du Sahel[95] [96]
52008 Manchester United1–0 LDU Quito Gamba Osaka1–0 Pachuca[97] [98]
62009 Barcelona2–1 Estudiantes Pohang Steelers1–1 Atlante[99] [100]
72010 Internazionale3–0 TP Mazembe Internacional4–2 Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma[101] [102]
82011 Barcelona4–0 Santos Al Sadd0–0 Kashiwa Reysol[103] [104]
92012 Corinthians1–0 Chelsea Monterrey2–0 Al Ahly[105] [106]
102013 Bayern Munich2–0 Raja Casablanca Atlético Mineiro3–2[107] [108]
112014 Real Madrid2–0 San Lorenzo Auckland City1–1 Cruz Azul[109] [110]
122015 Barcelona3–0 River Plate Sanfrecce Hiroshima2–1 Guangzhou Evergrande[111] [112]
132016 Real Madrid4–2 Kashima Antlers Atlético Nacional2–2 América[113] [114]
142017 Real Madrid1–04–1 Al Jazira[115]
152018 Real Madrid4–1 Al Ain4–0[116]
162019 Liverpool1–0 Flamengo Monterrey2–2 Al Hilal[117]
172020 Bayern Munich1–0 UANL Al Ahly0–0 Palmeiras
182021 Chelsea2–1 Palmeiras Al Ahly4–0 Al Hilal[118]
192022 Real Madrid5–3 Al Hilal Flamengo4–2[119]
202023 Manchester City4–0 Fluminense Al Ahly4–2 Urawa Red Diamonds[120]

4-years tournament

FIFA Intercontinental Cup

Key to the table
Match was won after extra time
Match was won via a penalty shoot-out

Winners

By club

In synthesis FIFA has two types of world champions Intercontinental Cup and those deriving from the Club World Cup (the two competitions, albeit different, confer the same title, that of FIFA club world champions)[123] [124] so in accordance to what is officially communicated by FIFA, the total count of official[125] [126] world titles is as follows:[127] [128] [129] [130] [131] [132] [133]

Key
IC
CWCFIFA Club World Cup
List of world champion football clubs!Club!Country!IC!CWC!Total!Years won
Real Madrid3581960, 1998, 2002, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022
Milan3141969, 1989, 1990, 2007
Bayern Munich2241976, 2001, 2013, 2020
Peñarol3031961, 1966, 1982
Nacional3031971, 1980, 1988
Boca Juniors3031977, 2000 (IC), 2003
São Paulo2131992, 1993, 2005
Internazionale2131964, 1965, 2010
Barcelona0332009, 2011, 2015
Santos2021962, 1963
Independiente2021973, 1984
Ajax2021972, 1995
Juventus2021985, 1996
Porto2021987, 2004
Manchester United1121999, 2008
Corinthians0222000 (CWC), 2012
Racing1011967
Estudiantes1011968
Feyenoord1011970
Atlético Madrid1011974
Olimpia1011979
Flamengo1011981
Grêmio1011983
River Plate1011986
Red Star Belgrade1011991
Vélez Sarsfield1011994
Borussia Dortmund1011997
Internacional0112006
Liverpool0112019
Chelsea0112021
Manchester City0112023

By country

CountryICCWCTotal
Spain4812
Brazil6410
Argentina909
Italy729
Uruguay606
Germany325
145
Netherlands303
Portugal202
Paraguay101
Serbia101

By confederation

ConfederationICCWCTotal
UEFA211637
CONMEBOL22426

See also

Notes and References

  1. - The winners of UEFA Champions League undertake to part in the following competitions: a) The UEFA Super Cup, which is held at the start of each new season.b) Intercontinental competitions arranged by UEFA and other confederations.- Clubs are not authorized to represent UEFA or the UEFA Champions League without UEFA's prior written approval. cfr. News: en. We care about football - Regulation of the UEFA Champions League 2003/04. Union of European Football Associations. 2. https://web.archive.org/web/20151105190735/https://kassiesa.net/uefafiles/2003-uefa-cl-rules.pdf. 5 November 2015. live.
  2. Web site: Legend – UEFA club competition. Union des Associations Européennes de Football. 99. 2009. 23 August 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20120111044406/http://www.uefa.com/printoutfiles/competitions/ucl/2010/e/e_01_md.pdf. 11 January 2012. live.
  3. Web site: es. Competencias oficiales de la CONMEBOL. Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol. 99; 107. 2011. 23 August 2014.
  4. News: Las competiciones oficiales de la CONMEBOL. CONMEBOL.
  5. Web site: Real Madrid CF. UEFA.com.
  6. For FIFA statute, official competitions are those for representative teams organized by FIFA or any confederation. Representative teams are usually national teams but also club teams that represent a confederation in interconfederal competitions or a member association in a continental competition cfr. Web site: FIFA Statutes, April 2016 edition. 5. https://web.archive.org/web/20211206042201/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/19a43d5f3a4c750b/original/vga5sv1yxeayptzrdudx-pdf.pdf. 6 December 2021. live. cfr. Web site: FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2018: Statistical-kit. 10 December 2018. 13. https://web.archive.org/web/20210809010005/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/2d5d33a48d2c98ce/original/mkbo3nwk4btahl9gwtwl-pdf.pdf. 9 August 2021. live. cfr. Web site: 2018/19 UEFA Champions League regulations. 10. https://web.archive.org/web/20180512114219/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/uefaorg/Regulations/02/55/82/79/2558279_DOWNLOAD.pdf. 12 May 2018. dead.
  7. In accordance with the regulations integrated in the FIFA Statute, official competitions for club teams can be defined as those organized under the auspices of FIFA, confederations and member associations, or authorized by them, excluding friendly matches and test matches; say the confederal and interconfederal cups (arranged by FIFA or confederations), the championships and the national cups (arranged by member associations). cfr. Web site: LAWS OF THE GAME 2015/16. en. 18. https://web.archive.org/web/20210712192231/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/3f3e15cc1ab8977b/original/datdz0pms85gbnqy4j3k-pdf.pdf. 12 July 2021. live. cfr. Web site: REGULATIONS on the Status and Transfer of Players 2016. 5. https://web.archive.org/web/20160909191903/https://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/02/70/95/52/regulationsonthestatusandtransferofplayersjune2016_e_neutral.pdf. 9 September 2016. dead. cfr. Web site: FIFA Governance Regulations (FGR) 2016. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 6–7, 9–11. https://web.archive.org/web/20220214174937/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/24f8f89c53f207d6/original/dcu3yijbaqnz9op1y1jf-pdf.pdf. 14 February 2022. live. cfr. Web site: Regulations Governing International Matches. 15, 25. https://web.archive.org/web/20220214174902/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/75c63731a2f58da4/original/pywuivvlfl5aqvhsw2i7-pdf.pdf. 14 February 2022. live. cfr. Web site: FIFA Statutes, April 2016 edition. 5, 19–21, 33–35, 37, 44, 74. https://web.archive.org/web/20211206042201/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/19a43d5f3a4c750b/original/vga5sv1yxeayptzrdudx-pdf.pdf. 6 December 2021. live. cfr. Web site: FIFA ignora Taça Latina do Benfica, FC Porto é o clube português com mais títulos. 25 May 2011. pt. 18 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20151213102945/http://www.publico.pt/noticia/fifa-ignora-taca-latina-do-benfica-fc-porto-e-o-clube-portugues-com-mais-titulos-1495851. 13 December 2015. dead.
  8. News: Los campeones de las Copas de Europa y Sudamérica, Real Madrid y Peñarol, disputarán el primer partido de la final de la Copa del Mundo de clubs. Santiago García. 3 July 1960. La Vanguardia. es. PDF. 34.
  9. Until 1955 FIFA limited itself to authorizing the creation of international competitions for clubs only if they were organized by at least two member associations. From 1955 he assigned the confederations the exclusive right to organize competitions deemed official. cfr. Web site: 50 years of the European Cup. Union des Associations Européennes de Football. October 2004. 7–9. https://web.archive.org/web/20190618003941/https://kassiesa.net/uefa/files/2004-uefa-50-years-european-cup.pdf. 18 June 2019. live.
  10. News: 1969: Milan prevail in tough contest. Union des Associations Européennes de Football. 22 October 1969. 21 November 2012. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20151226061327/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/eusa/history/season%3D1969/intro.html. December 26, 2015. mdy-all.
  11. Risolo, Don (2010). Soccer Stories: Anecdotes, Oddities, Lore, and Amazing Feats p.109. U of Nebraska Press. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  12. Web site: FIFA Club World Cup 2012 - Statistical Kit. https://web.archive.org/web/20140922125213/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mencompcwc/01/15/71/66/fcwc2012_kit.pdf. dead. September 22, 2014. 9. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 6 November 2012. 21 November 2012.
  13. Web site: 50 years of the European Cup. Union des Associations Européennes de Football. 7–9. October 2004. 15 December 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110916233532/http://kassiesa.net/uefafiles/2004-uefa-50-years-european-cup.pdf. 16 September 2011. live.
  14. April 2004 – May 2005 . FIFA Club World Championship TOYOTA Cup: Solidarity – the name of the game . FIFA Activity Report 2005 . 62 . . Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 17 December 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121011001522/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/01/68/21/16//activityreport2005en.pdf . October 11, 2012 . mdy-all .
  15. News: FIFA Club World Championship to replace Toyota Cup from 2005 . Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 17 May 2004 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110430044230/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/federation/releases/newsid%3D92577.html . April 30, 2011 . 24 December 2010 . dead . mdy-all .
  16. News: OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS. https://web.archive.org/web/20190216131414/https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/who-we-are/official-documents/. dead. February 16, 2019. FIFA.COM.
  17. News: We are the champions. 1 December 2005. 21 November 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20110430044235/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament%3D107/edition%3D4735/news/newsid%3D101662.html. 30 April 2011. dead. FIFA.COM.
  18. Web site: Milan thrive on world stage. Union des Associations Européennes de Football. 4 December 2003. 30 January 2017.
  19. Web site: Ronaldo treble fires Madrid to Club World Cup glory. Union des Associations Européennes de Football. 18 December 2016. 30 January 2017.
  20. Japan Aiming High. https://web.archive.org/web/20170202080501/http://www.fifa.com/mm/Document/AF-Magazine/FIFAWeekly/02/74/62/99/50_EN_Weekly_Lowres_50_EN_Neutral.PDF. dead. February 2, 2017. 8–9. The FIFA Weekly. 50. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 18 December 2015. 30 January 2017. 862248672.
  21. Web site: FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2017: Statistical Kit FIFA. https://web.archive.org/web/20171215063613/http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mencompcwc/02/67/91/87/statskit_fcwc2017_event_neutral.pdf. dead. December 15, 2017. 15, 40, 41, 42.
  22. April 2004 – May 2005. FIFA Club World Championship TOYOTA Cup: Solidarity – the name of the game. dead. FIFA Activity Report 2005. Zürich. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 60. https://web.archive.org/web/20121011001522/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/01/68/21/16//activityreport2005en.pdf. 11 October 2012. 17 December 2012.
  23. “While it does not promote the statistical unification of tournaments, that is, has not absorbed to the Intercontinental Cup (merged with FIFA Club World Cup in 2005), FIFA is the only organization with worldwide jurisdiction over continental confederations and, then, the only one that can confer a title on that level, ergo the title assigned by FIFA (with Official Documents issued after the Council decision) to the winners of the Intercontinental Cup is legally a FIFA world title." cfr. Web site: FIFA Statutes, April 2016 edition. 19. https://web.archive.org/web/20211206042201/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/19a43d5f3a4c750b/original/vga5sv1yxeayptzrdudx-pdf.pdf. 6 December 2021. live. cfr.
  24. Web site: FIFA acepta propuesta de CONMEBOL de reconocer títulos de copa intercontinental como mundiales de clubes. 29 October 2017. conmebol.com. es.
  25. Web site: FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2018: Statistical-kit. 10 December 2018. 13. https://web.archive.org/web/20210809010005/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/2d5d33a48d2c98ce/original/mkbo3nwk4btahl9gwtwl-pdf.pdf. 9 August 2021. live.
  26. “While it does not promote the statistical unification of tournaments, that is, has not absorbed to the Intercontinental Cup (merged with FIFA Club World Cup in 2005), the title was conferred from the world federation (with Official Documents issued after the Council decision) so it is legally a FIFA world title" cfr. Web site: FIFA Club World Cup Qatar 2019™. 12. https://web.archive.org/web/20210717232059/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/105e5661ec9f3acb/original/gqfp3nkwm0zh8ra3xgyi-pdf.pdf. 17 July 2021. live. cfr.
  27. Web site: FIFA Council approves key organisational elements of the FIFA World Cup/ Recognition of all European and South American teams that won the Intercontinental Cup – played between 1960 and 2004 – as club world champions. . August 26, 2024 . Fifa.com.
  28. Web site: FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2018: Statistical-kit. 10 December 2018. 13. https://web.archive.org/web/20210809010005/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/2d5d33a48d2c98ce/original/mkbo3nwk4btahl9gwtwl-pdf.pdf. 9 August 2021. live.
  29. Web site: Slater . Matt . 27 October 2017 . Manchester United recognised as two-time world club champions following FIFA ruling . August 26, 2024 . Mirror.co.uk.
  30. Web site: Five years since the sixth Club World Cup was won . 2024-08-26 . www.realmadrid.com.
  31. Web site: Campo . Carlo . 2017-10-27 . FIFA recognises all winners of Intercontinental Cup as club world champions . 2024-08-26 . theScore.com . en.
  32. Web site: Historical decision, register Club World Cup is rewritten.. Foxsports.it (in Italian).
  33. Web site: La FIFA reconoció a los ganadores de la Intercontinental como campeones mundiales. Goal.com (in Spanish; with documents.).
  34. Web site: FIFA Club World Championship TOYOTA Cup Japan 2005: Report and Statistics. https://web.archive.org/web/20111220070421/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/technicaldevp/50/04/37/cwc%5f05%5fjapan%5ftr%5f148.pdf. dead. December 20, 2011. 5, 19.
  35. Web site: FIFA decides to postpone 2001 Club World Championship to 2003 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140826173505/http://de.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/clubworldcup/japan2005/news/newsid=91574/index.html . dead . August 26, 2014 . FIFA.com . Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 18 May 2001 . 26 August 2014 .
  36. News: Ignored in Europe, Club World Cup finds adulation in S.America. Times of Oman. 14 December 2015. 15 December 2015.
  37. News: Tim Vickery. The prestige of the Club World Cup. BBC. 15 December 2008. 24 December 2015.
  38. News: Peter Staunton. Why does the Club World Cup still struggle for relevance?. goal.com. 12 December 2014. 24 December 2015.
  39. News: Tim Vickery. World Club Cup deserves respect. BBC. 13 December 2010. 15 December 2015.
  40. News: The prestige of the Club World Cup. Tim Vickery. 15 December 2008. 24 December 2015. BBC.
  41. Web site: Tim . Vickery . 15 December 2017 . Balance that no longer exists; in today's globalized market the best players South Americans are representing the European champions teams. . ESPN.
  42. News: River Plate's third-place win doesn't hide that South American football continues to lose ground. Tim Vickery. 22 December 2018. 25 December 2018. ESPN.
  43. News: Intercontinental Club Cup 1960.
  44. News: Intercontinental Club Cup 1961.
  45. News: Intercontinental Club Cup 1962.
  46. News: Intercontinental Club Cup 1963.
  47. News: Intercontinental Club Cup 1964.
  48. News: Intercontinental Club Cup 1965.
  49. News: Intercontinental Club Cup 1966.
  50. News: Intercontinental Club Cup 1967.
  51. News: Intercontinental Club Cup 1968.
  52. News: Intercontinental Club Cup 1969.
  53. News: Intercontinental Club Cup 1970.
  54. News: Intercontinental Club Cup 1971.
  55. News: Intercontinental Club Cup 1972.
  56. News: Intercontinental Club Cup 1973.
  57. News: Intercontinental Club Cup 1974.
  58. News: Intercontinental Club Cup.
  59. News: Intercontinental Club Cup 1976.
  60. News: Intercontinental Club Cup 1977.
  61. News: Intercontinental Club Cup 1979.
  62. News: Intercontinental Club Cup 1980.
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  124. “While it does not promote the statistical unification of tournaments, that is, has not absorbed to the Intercontinental Cup (merged with FIFA Club World Cup in 2005), the title was conferred from the world federation (with Official Document issued by the Council) so it is legally a FIFA world title" cfr. Web site: FIFA Club World Cup Qatar 2019™. 12. https://web.archive.org/web/20210717232059/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/105e5661ec9f3acb/original/gqfp3nkwm0zh8ra3xgyi-pdf.pdf. 17 July 2021. live. cfr.
  125. "Official (plural officials), from the Latin officiālis. 1. The official word is also used to refer to what is recognized or derives from an authority. cfr. Web site: dictionary.com. Official, definition. 2. Approved by the government or someone in power. cfr. Web site: dictionary.cambridge.org. official. It is synonymous with legal, legitimate, approved, valid. cfr. Web site: thesaurus.com. Synonyms for official.
  126. FIFA in its statute recognizes as official all competitions organized by itself and by the continental confederations; indeed, on its website, it calls the competitions played under its auspices simply "FIFA Tournaments". cfr. Web site: FIFA. April 2016. FIFA Statutes, April 2016 edition. 5. https://web.archive.org/web/20211206042201/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/19a43d5f3a4c750b/original/vga5sv1yxeayptzrdudx-pdf.pdf. 6 December 2021. live. cfr. News: FIFA.COM. Fifa tournaments.
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  128. Web site: Real Madrid are the most successful club across the history of the two competitions, with a total of five victories (2016).. Espn.co.uk. 27 October 2017 .
  129. Web site: Real Madrid! Sixth Club World Cup!. Realmadrid.com.
  130. Web site: Historical decision, register Club World Cup is rewritten.. Foxsports.it (in Italian).
  131. Web site: La FIFA reconoció a los ganadores de la Intercontinental como campeones mundiales. Goal.com (in Spanish; with documents.).
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  133. Web site: FIFA Council approves key organisational elements of the FIFA World Cup/ Recognition of all European and South American teams that won the Intercontinental Cup – played between 1960 and 2004 – as club world champions.. https://web.archive.org/web/20171027142732/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2017/m=10/news=fifa-council-approves-key-organisational-elements-of-the-fifa-world-cu-2917722.html. dead. October 27, 2017. Fifa.com.

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