List of works by Caspar David Friedrich explained

This is an incomplete list of works by the German Romantic artist Caspar David Friedrich (1774–1840) by completion date where known. Friedrich was a prolific artist who produced over 500 attributed works; however, he is generally known for only a small number of works seen as emblems of Romanticism.^[1]

In line with Romantic ideals of the time, Friedrich intended that his paintings would function visually only, and thus he was cautious that the titles given to his work were not overly descriptive or evocative. It is likely that some of today's relatively literal titles, such as The Stages of Life, were not given by the artist himself, but were instead adopted during one of the revivals of interest in the artist during the late 19th or early 20th century.^[2]

Complications arise when dating Friedrich's work, mainly because he often did not directly name or date his canvases. However, he kept a carefully detailed notebook on his output, which has been used by scholars to tie paintings to their completion dates.

Paintings

Painting Name	Painting	Year	Method	Size	City	Gallery	Notes
Landscape with Temple in Ruin (in French)		1797	Oil on canvas
Wreck in the Ice-sea (in French)		1798	Oil on canvas	31.4 x 23.6 cm	Hamburg	Hamburger Kunsthalle
		1803	Pencil and brush (sepia ink)		Vienna	Albertina
		1806	Oil on canvas		Angers	Musée des Beaux-Arts
		c. 1807	Oil on canvas	33.5 x 51 cm	Vienna	Belvedere
The Summer (in French)		1807	Oil on canvas	71.4 x 103.6 cm	Munich	Neue Pinakothek
Dolmen in the Snow		1807	Oil on canvas	61.5 x 80 cm	Dresden	Galerie Neue Meister
		1807	Oil on canvas	34.5 x 52 cm	Vienna	Kunsthistorisches Museum
Cross in the Mountains		1808	Oil on canvas	115 x 110 cm	Dresden	Galerie Neue Meister	^[3]
		1808 to 1810	Oil on canvas	51.7 x 42.4 cm	Hanover	Lower Saxony State Museum
		1808	Oil on canvas	71 x 104 cm	Rudolstadt	Heidecksburg
		1808	Oil on canvas		Nuremberg	Germanisches Nationalmuseum
		1808	Oil on canvas				(destroyed 1931)
The Monk by the Sea		1809	Oil on canvas	115 x 110 cm	Berlin	Alte Nationalgalerie
The Abbey in the Oakwood		1809 to 1810	Oil on canvas	110 x 171 cm	Berlin	Alte Nationalgalerie	^[4]
		1809 to 1810	Oil on canvas	54.9 x 70.4 cm	Munich	Neue Pinakothek
Mountain Landscape with Rainbow		1810	Oil on canvas	70 x 102 cm	Essen	Museum Folkwang
Bohemian Landscape with Mount Milleschauer (in French)		1808	Oil on canvas	70 x 104 cm	Dresden	Galerie Neue Meister
Morning on the Riesengebirge		1810 to 1811	Oil on canvas	108 x 170 cm	Berlin	Alte Nationalgalerie
		c. 1810	Oil on canvas	59 x 84.5 cm
		1811	Oil on canvas	32 x 45 cm	London	National Gallery
Winter Landscape (in French)		1811	Oil on canvas	32.5 x 45 cm	Schwerin	Staatliches Museum Schwerin	^[5]
		1811	Oil on canvas	33 x 45 cm	Dortmund	Museum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte
Rocks in the Harz mountain (in French)		1811	Oil on canvas	32 x 45 cm	Dresden	Galerie Neue Meister
Cross and cathedral in the mountains (in French)		1812	Oil on canvas	45 x 37 cm	Düsseldorf	Museum Kunst Palast	^[6]
The Tombs of the Old Heroes		1812	Oil on canvas	49.5 × 70.5 cm	Hamburg	Hamburger Kunsthalle
		1813	Oil on canvas	42 x 32 cm	Stuttgart	Staatsgalerie Stuttgart	Inv. Nr. L 569
The Chasseur in the Forest (in Italian)		1814	Oil on canvas	66 x 47 cm		Private collection
Cross in the Mountains (in French)		1822	Oil on canvas	71.7 x 128 cm	Gotha	Friedenstein Palace
		1815	Oil on canvas	45 x 33.5 cm	Berlin	Charlottenburg Palace	^[7]
		1815	Oil on canvas	72.3 x 51 cm	Chemnitz	Art Collection Chemnitz (in German)	Inv. n. 215
View of a Harbour (in Swedish)		1815 to 1816	Oil on canvas	90 x 71 cm	Berlin	Sanssouci Palace
Greifswald in Moonlight (in Swedish)		1816 to 1817	Oil on canvas	22.5 x 30.5 cm	Oslo	National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design
Two Men by the Sea		1817	Oil on canvas	51 x 66 cm	Berlin	Alte Nationalgalerie
		1816 to 1818	Oil on canvas	22 x 31 cm	Lübeck	Behnhaus	^[8]
Neubrandenburg in the Morning Mist		c. 1817	Oil on canvas	91 x 72 cm	Greifswald	Pomeranian State Museum
Wanderer above the Sea of Fog		1817 to 1818	Oil on canvas	94.8 x 74.8 cm	Hamburg	Hamburger Kunsthalle	^[9]
		1818	Oil on canvas	70 x 152 cm	Schweinfurt	Museum Georg Schäfer
The Gazebo		1818	Oil on canvas	30.0 x 21.5 cm	Munich	Neue Pinakothek	Inv.-Nr. FV 10
Chalk Cliffs on Rügen		c. 1818	Oil on canvas	90.5 x 71 cm	Winterthur	Reinhart Collection	^[10]
		c. 1818	Oil on canvas		Winterthur	Reinhart Collection
Woman before the Setting Sun (in German)		1818 to 1820	Oil on canvas	22 x 30 cm	Essen	Museum Folkwang	^[11]
The Port of Greifswald		1818 to 1820	Oil on canvas	90 x 70 cm	Berlin	Alte Nationalgalerie	^[12]
On the Sailing Boat		c. 1819	Oil on canvas	71 x 56 cm	Saint Petersburg	Hermitage Museum
		1819	Oil on canvas				(destroyed 1945)
Dolmen in the Fall (in French)		c. 1820			Dresden	Galerie Neue Meister
		1819 to 1820	Oil on canvas	38 x 44 cm	Frankfurt	Freies Deutsches Hochstift
Two Men Contemplating the Moon		1819 to 1820	Oil on canvas	35 x 44 cm	Dresden	Galerie Neue Meister	^[13]
		c. 1810 to 1820	Oil on canvas	94 x 74 cm			(destroyed 1931)
Oak in the Snow		1820	Oil on canvas	44 x 34.5 cm	Cologne	Wallraf-Richartz Museum
River Bank in Fog		1821	Oil on canvas	22 x 33.5 cm	Cologne	Wallraf-Richartz Museum
		c. 1820	Oil on canvas	74 x 52 cm	Saint Petersburg	Hermitage Museum	^[14]
		c. 1820	Oil on canvas	18.3 x 24.5 cm	Hamburg	Hamburger Kunsthalle
Evening		c. 1820 to 1821	Oil on canvas	22 x 30.5 cm	Hannover	Lower Saxony State Museum
		c. 1820 to 1821	Oil on canvas	22 x 30.5 cm	Hannover	Lower Saxony State Museum
		1820 to 1825	Oil on canvas	34.5 x 44 cm	Düsseldorf	Museum Kunst Palast
		1821	Oil on canvas	33 x 43 cm	Berlin	Alte Nationalgalerie
Moonrise by the Sea		c.1821	Oil on canvas	135 x 170 cm	Saint Petersburg	Hermitage Museum
Morning in the Mountains (in French)		1822 to 1823	Oil on canvas	135 x 170 cm	Saint Petersburg	Hermitage Museum
The Tree of Crows		c. 1822	Oil on canvas	59 x 73 cm	Paris	Musée du Louvre
The Lonely Tree		1822	Oil on canvas	55 x 71 cm	Berlin	Alte Nationalgalerie
Moonrise Over the Sea		1822	Oil on canvas	55 x 71 cm	Berlin	Alte Nationalgalerie
		c. 1822	Oil on canvas	34.5 x 48.3 cm	Hamburg	Hamburger Kunsthalle
Woman at a Window		1822	Oil on canvas	44 x 37 cm	Berlin	Alte Nationalgalerie
		1822 to 1823	Oil on canvas	94 x 74 cm	Vienna	Kunsthistorisches Museum
		1825	Oil on canvas	35 x 49 cm	Berlin	Alte Nationalgalerie	Inv. Nr. A II 574
The Sea of Ice		1824	Oil on canvas	96.7 x 126.9 cm	Hamburg	Hamburger Kunsthalle
		1824	Oil on canvas	22.2 x 30.5 cm	Hamburg	Hamburger Kunsthalle
Man and Woman Contemplating the Moon		c. 1824	Oil on canvas	34 x 44 cm	Berlin	Alte Nationalgalerie
Evening with Clouds		Oct 1824	Oil on canvas	20 x 27.5 cm	Mannheim	Kunsthalle Mannheim
		c. 1824	Oil on canvas	22 x 31 cm	Karlsruhe	Staatliche Kunsthalle
Trees and Bushes in the Snow (in French)		c. 1825	Oil on canvas	31 x 25.5 cm	Dresden	Galerie Neue Meister
The Cemetery Entrance (in French)		1825	Oil on canvas	143 x 110 cm	Dresden	Galerie Neue Meister
		1825 to 1830	Oil on canvas	31 x 25 cm	Bremen	Kunsthalle Bremen
		1825 to 1830	Oil on canvas	77 x 97 cm	Berlin	Alte Nationalgalerie
The Watzmann		1824 to 1825	Oil on canvas	135 x 170 cm	Berlin	Alte Nationalgalerie
		1826	Oil on canvas	31 x 25 cm	Leipzig	Museum der bildenden Künste
		1829	Oil on canvas	71 x 48 cm	Berlin	Alte Nationalgalerie
Ships in Harbour, Evening		c. 1828	Oil on canvas	76.5 x 88.2 cm	Dresden	Galerie Neue Meister
		1828	Oil on canvas	44.2 x 34.8 cm	Hamburg	Hamburger Kunsthalle
The Temple of Juno in Agrigento		c. 1828 to 1830	Oil on canvas	53.3 x 71.5 cm	Dortmund	Museum am Ostwall	Inv. Nr. C 5022
Easter Morning		c. 1828 to 1835	Oil on canvas	43.7 x 34.4 cm	Madrid	Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum	Inv. Nr. 792 (1973.24)
Evening Landscape with Two Men		1830 to 1835	Oil on canvas	25 x 31 cm	Saint Petersburg	Hermitage Museum
		1830 to 1835	Oil on canvas	72 x 102 cm	Saint Petersburg	Hermitage Museum
The Great Enclosure		c. 1832	Oil on canvas	73.5 x 102.5 cm	Dresden	Galerie Neue Meister
Neubrandenburg Burning		c. 1835	Oil on canvas	72 x 101 cm	Hamburg	Hamburger Kunsthalle	^[15]
		c. 1835	Oil on canvas	31.3 x 42.5 cm	Berlin	Alte Nationalgalerie
The Stages of Life		1835	Oil on canvas	72.5 x 94 cm	Leipzig	Museum der bildenden Künste
		c. 1835	Oil on canvas	34.9 x 48.5 cm	Frankfurt	Städel	Inv. Nr. 1821
		1835			Hamburg	Hamburger Kunsthalle
		1835	Oil on canvas	35 x 44 cm	Erfurt	Angermuseum	Inv. Nr. 3626
		c. 1830 to 1835	Oil on canvas	27 x 103 cm	Berlin	Alte Nationalgalerie
The Dreamer (in French)		1820 to 1840	Oil on canvas	27 x 21 cm	Saint Petersburg	Hermitage Museum

Drawings, watercolours, and prints

Artwork	Name	German name	Year	Technique	Dimensions	City	Gallery	Notes
		Schriftblatt: Gott hat selbst in unsere Schmerzen	December 1, 1788	Pen, ink and watercolour	207 x 329 mm	Greifswald	Museum der Stadt Greifswald
	Female Nude in the Style of Johann Daniel Preißler	Weiblicher Akt nach Preißler	1790-1794	Pencil	321 x 201 mm	Greifswald	Museum der Stadt Greifswald
		Die Luisen-Quelle in Frederiksdahl	1797	Pen, ink and watercolour	289 x 244 mm	Hamburg	Hamburger Kunsthalle
		Die Frederiksberger Quelle bei Kopenhagen I	July 9, 1797	Brown ink and watercolour	217 x 168 mm	Dresden	Kupferstich-Kabinett
	Landscape with Pavilion	Landschaft mit Pavillon	c. 1797	Pen, ink and watercolour	167 x 217 mm	Hamburg	Kunsthalle Hamburg	^[16]
	Fishing Boat	Fischerboot	1798	Pencil	103 x 168 mm	Greifswald	Museum der Stadt Greifswald
	Tree, Ship, and Nets	Baum, Boot, Netze	c. 1798	Pencil	150 x 165 mm	Greifswald	Museum der Stadt Greifswald
		Studie eines sitzendes Jünglings	May 7, 1798	Pen, ink and watercolour	289 x 244 mm	Prague	National Gallery in Prague
	Portrait of the Pastor and Poet Ernst Theodor Johann Brûckner	Bildnis des Pastors und Dichters Ernst Theodor Johann Brûckner	c. 1798	Black chalk	251 x 199 mm	Berlin	Staatliche Museen, Berlin
	Self-Portrait	Selbstportrait	1800	Black chalk	420 x 276 mm	Copenhagen	Statens Museum for Kunst	^[17]
	Mother Heiden	Mutter Heiden	1798–1802	Black chalk	420 x 276 mm	Greifswald	Pommersches Landesmuseum	^[18]
	Portrait of Adolph Gottlieb Friedrich	Bildnis des Vaters Adolph Gottlieb Friedrich	c. 1798-1802	Black chalk	250 x 205 mm	Greifswald	Museum der Stadt Greifswald
	Scene from Schiller's "The Robbers"	Szene aus Schillers "Die Räuber"	1800–01	Pen and sepia	203 x 263 mm	Greifswald	Pommersches Landesmuseum
	Self-Portrait with Cap and Sighting Eye-Shield	Selbstportrait mit Mütze und Augenklappe	1802	Pencil, brush and ink	175 x 105 mm	Hamburg	Kunsthalle Hamburg	^[19]
	Hiker at the Milestone	Wanderer am Grenzstein	1802	Sepia
	Adolf Gottlieb Friedrich, Reading	Adolf Gottlieb Friedrich, lesend	1802	Black chalk	346 x 320 mm	Mannheim	Kunsthalle Mannheim
	The Woman with the spider's web between bare trunks	Die Frau mit dem Spinnennetz zwischen unbelaubten Baumstümpfen	1803	Woodcut block cut by Friedrich's brother Christian	171 x 119 mm	Various (block in Hamburg Kunsthalle)		^[20]
	Woman with a Raven at an Abyss	Die Frau mit dem Raben am Abgrund	1803-04	Woodcut block cut by Friedrich's brother Christian	171 x 119 mm	Various museums, including Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
	Boy sleeping on a grave	Knabe auf einem Grab schlafend	1803-04	Woodcut block cut by Friedrich's brother Christian	78 x 124 mm	Various museums, including Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
	Pilgrimage at Sunset (Sunrise)	Pilgerreise im Sonnenuntergang (Sonnenaufgang)	1805	Sepia	405 x 620 mm	Weimar	Kunstsammlungen
	View from the Painter's Studio	Blick aus dem Maleratelier	1805-06	Sepia		Vienna	Kunsthistorisches Museum
	Ruins of Eldena	Klosterruine Eldena	1806	Watercolor and ink
	Cross in the Mountains	Kreuz in den Bergen	1805-06	Pencil and sepia	640 x 931 mm	Berlin	Kupferstichkabinett (Print room) at Kulturforum, Staatliche Museen
	Giant Grave by the Sea	Riesengruft am Meer	1806-07	Pen, brush and sepia over graphite	645 x 950 mm	Weimar	Staatliche Kunstsammlungen
	Self-Portrait	Selbstprotrait	1810	Black chalk	228 x 182 mm	Berlin	Kupferstichkabinett (Print room) at Kulturforum, Staatliche Museen	^[21]
	Window Looking over the Park	Fenster mit Blick über den Park	c.1810-11	Sepia and pencil	39.8x30.5 cm	St. Petersburg	The Hermitage
	The Marketplace in Greifswald	Der Marktplatz in Greifswald	1818	Pencil, ink and watercolour
	View of Greifswald from the East	Blick auf Greifswald vom Osten	1818	Watercolour
	The Ruins of Eldena	Die Ruinen von Eldena	c. 1825	Pencil, ink and watercolour	178 x 229 mm		Private collection	^[22]
	Chalk Cliffs on Rügen(Watercolour)	Kreidefelsen auf Rügen (Wasserfarben)	1824-1826	Watercolour	25 x 32 cm
	The Rock Gates in Neurathen	Die Felsentore in Neurathen	c.1826-1828	Watercolor over pencil	27.9x24.5 cm.	St. Petersburg	The Hermitage
	Ruins of Teplitz Castle	Ruinen der Teplitz-Burg	1828	Pencil, ink and watercolour
	Cave in the Harz Mountains	Höhle im Harzgebirge	1830s	sepia drawing on paper	22.3 x 30.5 cm	Copenhagen	HM The Queen's Reference Library, The Royal Danish Collection
	Mountainous River Landscape (Night Version)	Von Bergen umgebene Flusslandschaft (Nachtversion)	1830-1835	Mixed media on transparent paper	77 x 127 cm	Kassel	Staatliche Museen
	Mountainous River Landscape (Day Version)	Von Bergen umgebene Flusslandschaft (Tagesversion)	1830-1835	Mixed media on transparent paper	77 x 127 cm	Kassel	Staatliche Museen	^[23]
	Two Young Men on the Sea Shore by the Rising Moon	Zwei junge Männer am Strand bei aufgehendem Mond	1835	Sepia
	Vulture on a Spade	Geier auf Spaten	1835	Sepia				Used as a concept cover art of the 2024 album Vultures, by Kanye West and Ty Dolla Sign^[24]
	Moonrise	Mondaufgang	c.1835-1837	Sepia and pencil	24.5x34.5 cm	St. Petersburg	The Hermitage
	Owl in a Gothic Window	Eule im Gotischen Fenster	c.1836	Sepia and pencil	37.8x25.6 cm	St. Petersburg	The Hermitage
	Landscape with Grave, Coffin and Owl	Landschaft mit Grab, Sarg und Eule	1836-37	Sepia over pencil	385 x 383 mm	Hamburg	Kunsthalle Hamburg	^[25]
	Owl upon the Grave Marker	Eule auf Grabkreuz	1836-37	Sepia over pencil		Moscow	Pushkin Museum
	Owl Flying against a Moonlit Sky	Eule, die gen mondbeschienenen Himmel fliegt	1836-37	Sepia over pencil	27.9x24.4 cm	St. Petersburg	The Hermitage
	Boat on the Shore, Moonrise	Boot am Ufer, Mondaufgang	1837-1839	Sepia over pencil	24.4x41.6 cm	St. Petersburg	The Hermitage
	Landscape in the Giant Mountains	Landschaft im Riesengebirge	Unknown	-->	Watercolor over pencil		Winterthur	Oskar Reinhart Foundation

Sources

• Siegel, Linda. Caspar David Friedrich and the Age of German Romanticism. Branden Publishing Co, 1978. .
• Vaughan, William. Friedrich. London: Phaidon Press, 2004. .
• Wolf, Norbert. Friedrich. Cologne: Taschen, 2003. .

External links

• Caspar David Friedrich Foundation
• Hermitage Museum Archive
• Web Gallery of Art - collection of Friedrich's works
• Artcyclopedia - links to Friedrich's pictures from Image Archives, articles etc.
• Biographical timeline, Hamburg Kunsthalle

Notes and References

1. Siegel, 3
2. "caspar david friedrich inventing romanticism ". designboom.com. Retrieved on October 21, 2008.
3. Wolf, 28
4. Vaughan, 122
5. Web site: Malerei des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts . 2008-11-22 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070707130808/http://www.museum-schwerin.de/museum/sammlung/19.+20.Jh.htm . 2007-07-07 . dead .
6. Vaughan, 86
7. Vaughan, 124
8. Web site: Küstenlandschaft im Abendlicht.
9. Vaughan, 94
10. Wolf, 52
11. "A German Dream: Masterpieces of Romanticism from the Nationalgalerie Berlin ". National Gallery of Ireland, September 2004. Retrieved on 21 November 2008.
12. Vaughan, 162
13. Siege, 102
14. Vaughan, 115
15. Vaughan, 301
16. Vaughan, 32
17. Vaughan, 37
18. Wolf, 94
19. Vaughan, 50
20. Griffiths, Antony and Carey, Francis; German Printmaking in the Age of Goethe, p. 206, 1994, British Museum Press,
21. Vaughan, 94
22. Vaughan, 191
23. Vaughan, 271
24. Web site: Blake . Cole . 2023-12-12 . Kanye West & Ty Dolla Sign's 'Vultures' Artwork Traced To 19th Century Painter Caspar David Friedrich . 2023-12-12 . . en.
25. Siegel, 131