List of wildflowers of Soldiers Delight explained

The Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area, consists of about 1900acres of land in Owings Mills, Maryland, USA.^{[1] [2] [3]} Much of the area of Soldiers Delight contains a serpentine barren that contains a number of rare and endangered species of plants.^{[4] [5]}

The following list of herbaceous plants is based greatly on the work of Ed Uebel^[6] and comes from the publications by Fleming et al. 1995,^[7] Monteferrante 1973,^[8] Reed 1984,^[9] Wennerstrom 1995,^[10] and the unpublished data by Worthley 1955-1985.^[11]

List of Wildflowers of the Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area

Division Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

Class Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons

Amaranthaceae - (Amaranth Family)

• Amaranthus retroflexus - Pigweed^[8]

Apiaceae - (Carrot Family)

• Daucus carota - Queen Anne's lace^{[8] [10] [11]}

Apocynaceae - (Dogbane Family)

• Apocynoideae - Subfamily
  • Apocynum androsaemifolium - Spreading dogbane^{[8] [11]}
  • Apocynum cannabinum - Indian hemp^{[8] [11]}
• Asclepiadoideae - Subfamily
  • Asclepias amplexicaulis - Blunt-leaved milkweed^[11]
  • Asclepias incarnata - Swamp milkweed^[11]
  • Asclepias syriaca - Common milkweed^{[8] [10]}
  • Asclepias verticillata - Whorled milkweed^{[7] [8] [9] [10] [11]}
  • Asclepias viridiflora - Green milkweed^{[7] [8] [9] [10]}

Asteraceae - (Aster Family)

• Achillea millefolium - Yarrow^{[8] [11]}
• Ambrosia artemisiifolia - Common ragweed^{[8] [11]}
• Ambrosia trifida - Giant ragweed [M, Wo]^{[8] [11]}
• Ageratina altissima - White snakeroot^{[8] [10] [11]}
• Ageratina aromatica - Aromatic thoroughwort^[9]
• Anaphalis margaritacea - Pearly everlasting^[11]
• Antennaria plantaginifolia - Plantain-leaf pussytoes^{[8] [9] [10] [11]}
• Anthemis arvensis - Field chamomile^[11]
• Anthemis cotula - Mayweed, dogfennel^[11]
• Aster tataricus - Tatarian aster^[11]
• Bidens bipinnata - Spanish needles^[11]
• Bidens frondosa - Devil's beggartick^[11]
• Bidens polylepis - Tickseed sunflower^{[8] [9] [11]}
• Carduus nutans - Musk thistle^[8]
• Leucanthemum vulgare - Ox-eye daisy^{[8] [11]}
• Chrysopsis mariana - Maryland golden aster^[11]
• Cichorium intybus – Chicory^{[10] [11]}
• Cirsium arvense - Canada thistle^[11]
• Cirsium discolor - Field thistle [Hand-out]
• Cirsium horridulum Michx. - Yellow thistle^[11]
• Cirsium muticum Michx. - Swamp thistle^{[7] [8] [9]}
• Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. - Pilewort, fireweed^[11]
• Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. - Daisy or Annual Fleabane^{[8] [11]}
• Erigeron canadensis - Horseweed^{[8] [11]}
• Erigeron pulchellus Michx. - Robin's Plantain^[11]
• Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. - Daisy Fleabane^{[8] [11]}
• Eupatorium altissimum L. - Tall Thoroughwort^[9]
• Eupatorium perfoliatum L. - Boneset^{[8] [10] [11]}
• Eutrochium fistulosum Barratt - Joe-pye weed^{[8] [9] [10]}
• Eupatorium sessilifolium L. - Upland boneset^[11]
• Eurybia divaricata (L.) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster divaricatus) - White wood aster^[11]
• Eurybia schreberi (Nees) Nees (Syn. Aster schreberi) - Schreber's aster^[11]
• Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. (Syn. Solidago graminifolia) - Lance-leaf goldenrod^{[8] [10] [11]}
• Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav. - Galinsoga^[11]
• Helenium autumnale L. - Yellow sneezeweed^[11]
• Helianthus annuus L. - Sunflower^[11]
• Helianthus decapetalus L. - Thin-leaf sunflower^{[9] [11]}
• Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet - Ox-eye^[8]
• Hieracium caespitosum Dumort - Yellow king devil^[11]
• Hieracium gronovii L. - Hairy hawkweed^[9]
• Hieracium paniculatum L. - Panicled Hawkweed^[11]
• Hieracium scabrum Michx. - Rough Hawkweed^[11]
• Hieracium venosum L. - Rattlesnake Weed^{[8] [9] [11]}
• Ionactis linariifolia (L.) Greene (Syn. Aster linariifolius) - Flax-leaf white-top aster^[11]
• Krigia virginica (L.) Willd. – Dwarf dandelion^[11]
• Lactuca saligna L. – Willow-leaf lettuce^[11]
• Lactuca serriola L. – Prickly lettuce^[11]
• Liatris graminifolia Willd. – Grass-leaf Blazing-star^{[8] [9] [10] [11]}
• Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. - Spiked Blazing-star^{[7] [9] [10]}
• Matricaria discoidea DC. – Pineapple Weed^[11]
• Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. – Climbing Hempweed^[11]
• Oclemena acuminata (Michx.) Greene (Syn. Aster acuminatus) - Whorled Wood Aster^[8]
• Packera anonyma (Wood) W.A.Weber & A.Löve (Syn. Senecio smallii, Senecio anonymus) - Southern Ragwort^{[8] [9] [10] [11]}
• Packera paupercula (Michx.) A.Löve & D.Löve (Syn. Senecio balsamitae, Senecio pauperculus) - Balsam Ragwort, Balsam Groundsel^{[7] [11]}
• Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (L.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt (Syn. Gnaphalium obtusifolium) - Rabbit-tobacco, Sweet Everlasting, Fragrant Cudweed^{[9] [11]}
• Rudbeckia hirta L. – Black-eyed Susan^{[8] [10] [11]}
• Rudbeckia laciniata L. – Cutleaf coneflower, Green-head Coneflower^[11]
• Rudbeckia triloba L. – Three-lobed Coneflower^{[9] [11]}
• Sericocarpus asteroides (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. (Syn. Aster paternus) - Toothed White-top Aster^{[8] [9] [11]}
• Solidago bicolor L. - Silver-rod^{[8] [9] [11]}
• Solidago caesia L. - Blue-stemmed Goldenrod^[11]
• Solidago canadensis L. - Canada Goldenrod^[11]
• Solidago canadensis L. var. scabra Torr. & A.Gray - Tall Goldenrod^{[8] [9] [11]}
• Solidago gigantea Aiton - Late Goldenrod^[11]
• Solidago hispida Muhl. - Hispid Goldenrod^[9]
• Solidago juncea Aiton - Early Goldenrod^{[8] [9] [10] [11]}
• Solidago nemoralis Aiton - Gray Goldenrod^{[7] [8] [9] [10] [11]}
• Solidago patula Muhl. - Rough-leaved Goldenrod^[11]
• Solidago rigida L. - Stiff Goldenrod^[11]
• Solidago rugosa Mill. - Wrinkle-leaf Goldenrod^{[8] [9] [11]}
• Solidago stricta Aiton - Willow-leaf Goldenrod^[11]
• Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd. - Elm-leaf Goldenrod^{[8] [11]}
• Taraxacum officinale Weber - Dandelion^{[8] [11]}
• Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster cordifolius) - Common blue wood aster^[11]
• Symphyotrichum depauperatum (Fernald) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster depauperatus) - Eastern Serpentine Aster^{[7] [9] [10]}
• Symphyotrichum dumosum (L.) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster dumosum) - Rice Button Aster^[8]
• Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster ericoides) - White Heath Aster^{[8] [11]}
• Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) A.Löve & D.Löve (Syn. Aster laevis) - Smooth Blue Aster^[11]
• Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) A.Löve & D.Löve (Syn. Aster lateriflorus) - Calico Aster^{[8] [9] [11]}
• Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster novae-angliae) - New England Aster^[11]
• Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster novi-belgii) - New York Aster^{[7] [9] [10] [11]}
• Symphyotrichum patens (Aiton) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster patens) - Late Purple Aster^{[8] [11]}
• Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster pilosus) - Hairy White Heath Aster^{[8] [9] [11]}
• Symphyotrichum racemosum (Elliott) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster racemosus) - Smooth White Oldfield Aster^{[8] [9] [10] [11]}
• Symphyotrichum undulatum (L.) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster undulatus) - Wavy-leaf Aster^[11]
• Tanacetum parthenium - Feverfew^[11]
• Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britton - Wingstem^[11]
• Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx. - New York Ironweed^{[7] [8] [10] [11]}

Balsaminaceae - (Touch-me-not Family)

• Impatiens capensis Meerb. – Common Jewelweed^{[8] [10]}

Boraginaceae - (Borage Family)

• Echium vulgare L. - Viper's Bugloss^[8]

Brassicaceae - (Mustard Family)

• Arabidopsis lyrata L. - Lyre-leaved Rock Cress^{[7] [8] [9] [10] [11]}
• Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. - Mouse-ear Cress^[11]
• Barbarea vulgaris R.Br. - Winter Cress^{[8] [9] [11]}
• Camelina microcarpa Andrz. - Small-fruited False-flax^[9]
• Cardamine angustata O.E.Schulz (Syn. Dentaria heterophylla) - Slender Toothwort^[10]
• Cardamine hirsuta L. - Hairy Bitter-cress
• Draba verna L. - Spring Draba, Whitlow-grass
• Lepidium campestre (L.) R.Br. - Field Peppergrass^{[8] [9]}
• Lepidium virginicum L. - Wild Peppergrass^[8]

Campanulaceae - (Bellflower family)

• Lobelia cardinalis L. - Cardinal flower^[10]
• Lobelia inflata L. - Indian Tobacco^{[8] [10]}
• Lobelia siphilitica L. - Great Lobelia [F, M, We]
• Lobelia spicata Lam. - Spiked Lobelia^{[7] [8] [10] [11]}
• Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. (Syn. Specularia perfoliata) - Clasping Venus' Looking-glass^[8]

Caryophyllaceae - (Pink Family)

• Cerastium arvense L. var. villosissimum (Muhl. ex Darl.) Hollick & Britt. (Syn. Cerastium arvense L. var. villosissimum Pennell) - Serpentine Chickweed^{[7] [8] [10] [11]}
• Cerastium vulgatum L. - Common Mouse-ear Chickweed^[9]
• Dianthus armeria L. - Deptford Pink^{[8] [10] [11]}
• Silene antirrhina L. - Sleepy Catchfly^[9]
• Silene caroliniana Walter - Wild Pink^[7]
• Silene latifolia Poir. - White Campion^[8]
• Stellaria media (L.) Vill. - Common Chickweed

Chenopodiaceae - (Goosefoot Family)

• Chenopodium album L. - Lamb's quarters^[8]

Cistaceae - (Rockrose Family)

• Helianthemum bicknellii Fernald - Hairy Frostweed^{[8] [9] [11]}
• Lechea minor L. - Thyme-leaved Pinweed^[11]

Clusiaceae - (Mangosteen Family)

• Hypericum canadense L. - Canadian St. John's Wort^[11]
• Hypericum denticulatum Walter - Coppery St. John's Wort^[8]
• Hypericum gentianoides (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. - Pinweed [F, M]
• Hypericum mutilum L. - Dwarf St. John's Wort^{[8] [11]}
• Hypericum perforatum L. - St. John's Wort^{[8] [9] [11]}
• Hypericum punctatum Lam. - Spotted St. John's Wort^{[8] [9] [11]}
• Hypericum virginicum L. - Marsh St. John's Wort^[11]

Convolvulaceae - (Morning glory Family)

• Calystegia spithamea (L.) Pursh - Low Bindweed^[8]
• Convolvulus arvensis L. - Field Bindweed^[10]
• Cuscuta gronovii Willd. - Common Dodder^[11]

Ericaceae - (Heath Family)

• Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh - Spotted wintergreen^[10]
• Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W.P.C.Barton - Pipsissewa^[10]
• Epigaea repens L. - Trailing Arbutus^[10]
• Monotropa uniflora L. - Indian-pipe^[8]

Fabaceae - (Bean Family)

• Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R.Br. - Wild Indigo^{[8] [9] [11]}
• Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene (Syn. Cassia fasciculata) - Large-flowered Partridge Pea^{[8] [9] [11]}
• Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench. (Syn. Cassia nictitans) - Wild Sensitive Plant^[11]
• Crotalaria sagittalis L. - Rattlebox^{[8] [9] [10] [11]}
• Desmodium canadense (L.) DC. - Showy Tick-trefoil^[11]
• Desmodium ciliare (Muhl.) DC. - Hairy Small-leaf Tick-trefoil^{[8] [9] [10]}
• Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl.) Loudon - Large-bracted Tick-trefoil^[10]
• Desmodium lineatum (Michx.) DC. - Linear-leaved Tick-trefoil^{[8] [10]}
• Desmodium marilandicum (L.) DC. - Smooth Small-leaved Tick-trefoil^{[8] [9] [11]}
• Desmodium nudiflorum (L.) DC. - Naked-flowered Tick-trefoil^{[8] [9] [10] [11]}
• Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. - Panicled Tick-trefoil^[11]
• Desmodium rigidum (Elliott) DC. - Rigid Tick-trefoil^{[8] [9] [10]}
• Lathyrus latifolius L. - Everlasting pea^{[8] [10]}
• Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont) G.Don - Chinese Lespedeza^{[8] [9]}
• Lespedeza stipulacea Maxim. - Korean Bushclover^[8]
• Lespedeza virginica L. - Slender Bushclover^{[8] [9] [11]}
• Medicago lupulina L. - Black Medic^[8]
• Melilotus albus Desr. - White sweet clover^{[8] [11]}
• Melilotus officinalis Desr. - Yellow Sweet Clover^{[8] [11]}
• Strophostyles umbellata (Muhl.) Britton - Pink Wild Bean^[11]
• Trifolium aureum Pollich - Large Hop Trefoil^[8]
• Trifolium dubium Sibth. - Little Hop Clover^[8]
• Trifolium pratense L. - Red Clover^[8]
• Vicia angustifolia Reichard - Narrow-leaved Vetch^[8]

Gentianaceae - (Gentian Family)

• Gentianopsis crinita (Froel.) Ma (Syn. Gentiana crinita) - Fringed gentian^{[7] [8] [9] [10]}
• Sabatia angularis (L.) Pursh - Rose Pink^{[7] [8] [9] [10]}
• Sabatia calycina (Lam.) A.Heller -^[11]

Lamiaceae - (Mint Family)

• Cunila origanoides (L.) Britton - Common Dittany^{[8] [9] [11]}
• Glechoma hederacea L. - Ground-ivy^{[8] [10]}
  • • Lamium amplexicaule L. - Henbit Lamium purpureum L. - Red Deadnettle Prunella vulgaris L. - Heal-all, Self-heal^{[8] [10] [11]}
• Pycnanthemum flexuosum (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. - Mountain-mint^[11]
• Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrader - Narrow-leaved Mountain-mint^[8]
• Scutellaria integrifolia L. - Hyssop Skullcap^[11]
• Trichostema brachiatum L. (Syn. Isanthus brachiatus) - False Pennyroyal, Fluxweed^[11]

Linaceae - (Flax Family)

• Linum medium (Planch.) Britton - Common Yellow Flax^{[8] [9] [11]}
• Linum sulcatum Riddell - Grooved Yellow Flax^[10]
• Linum virginianum L. - Virginia Yellow Flax^[7]

Lythraceae - (Loosestrife Family)

• Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. - Clammy Cuphea^[11]

Melastomataceae - (Meadow-beauty Family)

• Rhexia mariana L. - Maryland Meadow Beauty^[11]

Onagraceae - (Evening Primrose Family)

• Epilobium coloratum Biehler - Purple-leaved Willow-herb^[11]
• Oenothera biennis L. - Common Evening Primrose^{[8] [9]}
• Oenothera fruticosa L. - Sundrops^{[8] [9] [11]}
• Oenothera perennis L. - Small Sundrops^[11]
• Oenothera tetragona Roth - Northern Sundrops^{[9] [11]}

Orobanchaceae - (Broomrape Family)

• Agalinis acuta Pennell - Sandplain Gerardia^{[9] [10]}
• Agalinis fasciculata (Elliott) Raf. - Fascicled Agalinis^{[8] [10]}
• Agalinis obtusifolia Raf. - Blunt-leaf Agalinis^{[10] [11]}
• Agalinis purpurea (L.) Pennell - Purple Gerardia^{[7] [10]}
• Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf. - Slender Gerardia^{[7] [9] [10]}
• Aureolaria pedicularia (L.) Raf. - Fern-leaved False-foxglove^{[7] [8] [9] [11]}

Oxalidaceae - (Wood-sorrel Family)

• Oxalis dillenii Jacq. - Southern Yellow Wood-sorrel^[8]
• Oxalis stricta L. - Common Yellow Wood-sorrel^{[8] [11]}
• Oxalis violacea L. - Violet Wood-sorrel [EU]

Papaveraceae - (Poppy Family)

• Sanguinaria canadensis L. - Bloodroot^[10]

Phrymaceae - (Lopseed Family)

• Mimulus ringens L. - Square-stemmed Monkey Flower^{[9] [10]}

Phytolaccaceae - (Pokeweed Family)

• Phytolacca americana L. - Pokeweed^{[8] [9] [10]}

Plantaginaceae - (Plantain Family)

• Chelone glabra L. - White Turtlehead^[7]
• Linaria vulgaris Hill. - Butter and eggs^[11]
• Penstemon digitalis Nutt. - Foxglove, Tall White Beard-tongue^[8]
• Plantago aristata Michx. - Bracted Plantain^{[8] [9]}
• Plantago lanceolata L. - Ribwort Plantain^[8]
• Plantago rugelii Decne. - Broad-leaved Plantain^{[8] [9]}
• Veronica arvensis L. - Corn Speedwell^[11]
• Veronica hederifolia L. - Ivy-leaf Speedwell
• Veronica officinalis L. - Heath Speedwell^[11]
• Veronica peregrina L. - Purslane Speedwell^[11]
• Veronica persica Poir. - Persian Speedwell, Bird's-eye Speedwell
• Veronica serpyllifolia L. - Thyme-leaf Speedwell^[11]

Polemoniaceae - (Phlox Family)

• Phlox subulata L. - Moss Phlox, Moss Pink^{[7] [8] [9] [10] [11]}

Polygalaceae - (Milkwort Family)

• Polygala verticillata L. - Whorled Milkwort^{[8] [9] [10] [11]}

Polygonaceae - (Buckwheat Family)

• Polygonum pensylvanicum L. - Pennsylvania Smartweed^{[8] [11]}
• Polygonum tenue Michx. - Slender Knotweed^{[7] [8] [9] [10] [11]}
• Rumex crispus L. - Curley Dock^[8]

Portulacaceae - (Purslane Family)

• Claytonia virginica L. - Eastern spring beauty^[10]
• Talinum teretifolium Pursh - Flameflower^{[7] [8] [9] [10] [11]}

Primulaceae - (Primrose Family)

• Anagallis arvensis L. - Scarlet Pimpernel^[8]

Ranunculaceae - (Buttercup Family)

• Anemone quinquefolia L. - Wood Anemone^[10]
• Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. - Black cohosh^[9]
• Clematis virginiana L. - Virgin's Bower [Hand-out]
• Hepatica americana (DC.) KerGawler - Round-lobed Hepatica^[10]
• Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) Eames & Boivin - Rue anemone^[10]

Rosaceae - (Rose Family)

• Potentilla canadensis L. - Dwarf Cinquefoil^[11]
• Potentilla norvegica L. - Rough Cinquefoil^[8]
• Potentilla recta L. - Rough-fruited Cinquefoil^{[8] [9]}
• Potentilla simplex Michx. - Common Cinquefoil^[11]
• Sanguisorba canadensis L. - Canadian Burnet^{[7] [8] [9] [10] [11]}

Rubiaceae - (Madder Family)

• Houstonia caerulea L. (Syn. Hedyotis caerulea) - Bluets, Quaker Ladies^{[7] [8] [9] [10] [11]}
• Houstonia purpurea L. (Syn. Hedyotis purpurea) - Large Houstonia [Hand-out]

Santalaceae - (Sandalwood Family)

• Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. - Bastard Toadflax^[9]

Saxifragaceae - (Saxifrage Family)

• Saxifraga virginiensis Michx. - Early Saxifrage^{[8] [9] [10] [11]}

Scrophulariaceae - (Figwort Family)

• Verbascum blattaria L. - Moth Mullein^{[8] [11]}
• Verbascum thapsus L. - Common Mullein^{[8] [10] [11]}

Solanaceae - (Nightshade Family)

• Solanum carolinense L. - Carolina horsenettle^{[8] [10]}
• Solanum dulcamara L. - Bittersweet^[8]

Urticaceae - (Nettle Family)

• Laportea canadensis (L.) Wedd. - Wood-nettle^[11]

Violaceae - (Violet Family)

• Viola palmata L. - Palmate-leaved Violet^[9]
• Viola pedata L. - Bird's-foot Violet (lilac & bicolor)^{[7] [8] [10] [11]}
• Viola rotundifolia Michx. - Yellow Violet^[10]
• Viola sagittata Aiton (Syn. V. fimbriatula) - Arrow-leaf Violet^{[7] [8] [9] [10] [11]}
• Viola sororia Willd. (Syn. V. papilionacea) - Common Blue Violet^{[8] [11]}

Class Liliopsida - Monocotyledons

Amaryllidaceae - (Amaryllis Family)

• Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville - Yellow Stargrass^[11]

Araceae - (Arum Family)

• Acorus calamus L. - Sweet Flag, Calamus^[11]
• Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott - Jack-in-the-Pulpit^{[10] [11]}
• Orontium aquaticum L. - Golden Club^[11]
• Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Nutt. – Eastern Skunk Cabbage^[10]

Commelinaceae - (Spiderwort Family)

• Commelina communis L. - Asiatic Dayflower^[10]
• Tradescantia virginiana L. - Spiderwort^[10]

Dioscoreaceae - (Yam Family)

• Dioscorea villosa L. - Wild yam^[11]

Iridaceae - (Iris Family)

• Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. - Stout Blue-eyed Grass^[9]
• Sisyrinchium atlanticum E.P.Bicknell -^[11]
• Sisyrinchium mucronatum Michx. - Slender Blue-eyed Grass^{[8] [9] [10] [11]}

Lemnaceae - (Duckweed Family)

• Lemna minor L. - Smaller Duckweed^[11]
• Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. - Greater Duckweed^[11]

Liliaceae - (Lily Family)

• Allium canadense L. - Meadow Garlic^[8]
• Allium vineale L. - Crow Garlic^[11]
• Asparagus officinalis L. - Garden Asparagus^[8]
• Hemerocallis fulva L. - Orange Daylily^{[8] [11]}
• Lilium superbum L. - Turk's-cap Lily^[11]
• Ornithogalum umbellatum L. - Star-of-Bethlehem^[11]
• Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott - Smooth Solomon's-seal^[9]
• Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link (Syn. Smilicina racemosa) - False Solomon's Seal^[10]
• Veratrum viride Aiton - Green false hellebore^[11]

Orchidaceae - (Orchid Family)

• Cypripedium acaule Aiton - Pink Lady's Slipper^[10]
• Galearis spectabilis L. - Showy Orchis^[10]
• Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R.Br. - Downy Rattlesnake Plantain^[10]
• Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich. - Loesel's Twayblade^{[9] [11]}
• Spiranthes cernua (L.) Rich. - Nodding Ladies'-tresses^[11]
• Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. (Syn. S. gracilis) - Slender Ladies'-tresses^{[7] [9] [10] [11]}

Smilacaceae - (Greenbrier Family)

• Smilax herbacea L. - Carrion Flower^[11]

Further reading

• Book: Uebel, Edward C. . Maryland Bryophytes Collected by Elmer G. Worthley . 2000 . The Maryland Native Plant Society . Silver Spring, Maryland.
• Book: Brown, Melvin L. . Russell G. Brown . amp . Herbaceous Plants of Maryland . 1984 . Port City Press . Baltimore, Maryland.
• Book: Davis, Charles A. . List of Plants of Soldier's Delight . 2004 . Unpublished.
• Book: Gleason, Henry A. . Arthur Cronquist . amp . Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada . Second . 1991 . The New York Botanical Garden . Bronx, New York . 910 pages.
• Web site: Target building, Soldiers Delight Visitor Center . December 23, 2007 . 2006 . Google Hybrid Map.
• Book: Holmgren, Noel H . Illustrated Companion to Gleason and Cronquist's Manual. Illustrations of the Vascular Plants of Northeastern U. S. and Adjacent Canada . 1998 . . Bronx, New York . 937 pages.
• Web site: Explanation of Rank and Status Codes . https://web.archive.org/web/20050404115443/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/rte/rank_status.pdf . dead . April 4, 2005 . December 23, 2007 . Maryland Department of Natural Resources . Maryland Department of Natural Resources . December 13, 2007.
• Web site: Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Species of Baltimore County, Maryland . December 23, 2007 . Maryland Department of Natural Resources . Maryland Department of Natural Resources . November 13, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080217045059/http://dnrweb.dnr.state.md.us/download/rteplants.pdf . February 17, 2008 . dead.

See also

• Woody Plants of Soldiers Delight
• Graminoids of Soldiers Delight
• Ferns of Soldiers Delight
• Lichens of Soldiers Delight
• Lichens of Maryland

External links

• Baltimore County Public Library

Notes and References

1. Web site: Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area . December 23, 2007 . Maryland Department of Natural Resources . Maryland Department of Natural Resources . August 15, 2007 . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20071210134004/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/central/soldiers.html . December 10, 2007.
2. Web site: Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area . December 23, 2007 . Maryland Department of Natural Resources . Maryland Department of Natural Resources . August 15, 2007 . Trail Guide . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20071210143105/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/central/soldiersguide.html . December 10, 2007.
3. Web site: Soldiers Delight Serpentine Barrens, Baltimore County . December 23, 2007 . Bob Conkwright, Division of Coastal and Estuarine Geology . Maryland's Geologic Features . . July 15, 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060715161337/http://www.mgs.md.gov/esic/features/soldiers.html . dead .
4. Web site: Soldiers delight natural environment area, Maryland, USA: Toward preservation of a rare, serpentinite-based ecosystem . December 23, 2007 . Flanagan-Brown, Riley E., Geological Society of America . Geological Society of America . November 6, 2001 . GSA Annual Meeting, November 5–8, 2001 . Johns Hopkins University . June 16, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070616090922/http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2001AM/finalprogram/abstract_18946.htm . dead .
5. Web site: Natural Communities - Serpentine Grasslands . https://web.archive.org/web/20041030184247/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/serpentine.asp . dead . October 30, 2004 . December 23, 2007 . Ann Prince . Josephine Thoms . John Prince . Maryland Department of Natural Resources . October 22, 2004 . Learn More About It . Wildlife and Heritage Service, National Office of The Nature Conservancy.
6. Web site: - - An Ongoing Survey - - . December 23, 2007 . Ed Uebel . The Botanical Diversity of Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area.
7. Book: Fleming, Cristol, Marion B. Lobstein, and Barbara Tufty . Finding Wildflowers in the Washington-Baltimore Area . 1995 . . Baltimore and London . 312 pages.
8. Frank . Monteferrante . Towson University . Phytosociological Study of Soldiers Delight, Baltimore County, Maryland . Towson State College, Towson, Maryland. . 1973.
9. Book: Reed, Clyde F. . Floras of the Serpentinite Formations in Eastern North America, with descriptions of geomorphology and mineralogy of the formations . 1984 . Reed Herbarium . Baltimore Maryland.
10. Book: Wennerstrom, Jack . Pittsburg State University . Soldiers Delight Journal - Exploring a Globally Rare Ecosystem . 1995 . University of Pittsburgh Press . Pittsburg and London . 247 pages.
11. Book: Worthley, Elmer G. . List of Plants of Soldier's Delight . 1955–1985 . Unpublished.